Ayengobani Anglo-Saxons, futhi bavelephi? kusuka? Umlando Anglo-Saxons

Anglo-Saxons kwakungamadodana bababonisi AmaNgisi zanamuhla babehlala eBrithani ku V - eminyaka XI. Ekuqaleni elaliyinhlanganisela izizwe ezihlukahlukene zaseJalimane, lapho zaziya ngesisekelo isizwe esisodwa. Izinguquko Emculweni We-abantu-Anglo-Saxon ngesiNgisi okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama-Norman ekunqotshweni England ngo-1066.

Angles futhi Saxons

Ukuze uqonde ngubani wama-Anglo-Saxons, kubalulekile ukuba siphendukele umlando Britain lasendulo futhi ephakathi. Lesi sizwe kwaba umphumela nokuhlanganiswa izizwe eziningana zaseJalimane. Lawa kwakungamadodana Angles, Saxons, futhi Jutes. Ngaphambi III ekhulwini babehlala endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi eJalimane naseDenmark. Khona-ke kwaba insimu abangamaqaba, izungezwe yombuso wamaRoma.

Empire amakhulu eminyaka elawulwa eBrithani. Lapho lesi siqhingi langena amabutho lokuqala, kwakukhona isizwe Celtic we AbaseBrithani egameni izwe lithola igama layo. Ekhulwini III waqala Ukufuduka Okukhulu. Lalihlanganisa nalabo abasezikhundleni eziphezulu futhi izizwe zamaJalimane. Ukwazi lezi kufuduka lasendulo kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi ubani Anglo-Saxons. Ukumelana imihambuma kusukela empumalanga zaphoqa Angles, Saxons futhi Jutes entshonalanga, bawela ulwandle bazohlala eBrithani. Abantu bendawo bathatha abangabazi nobunzima, futhi waqala ukulwa isikhathi eside ukulawula kulesi siqhingi.

Ezemfundo Seven Imibuso

Ukuthola ukuthi ngubani wama-Anglo-Saxons, futhi lapho bephuma, ingasaphathwa ukuthi bahamba bayocekela phansi Celtic labantu baseBrithani sezibekwe elinamandla wamaRoma. Ukuze V kweyikhulu lo impi bekuyingxenye impi emikhulu phakathi befa Empire futhi bakhona. Ngo VI ekhulwini amandla Roman okuwukuphela kwakhe kulesi siqhingi esikhathini esidlule, futhi AbaseBrithani kwabhujiswa.

On emazweni amasha bona izizwe zamaJalimane esungulwe imibuso yabo. England - Northumbria, Mercia futhi sise-East Anglia, le Saxons - Wessex, Essex kanye Sussex, futhi Jutes - Kent. Naphezu ukufana kazwelonke, baye ukulwa njalo nomunye. kwehlukana Political aba imibuso eziyisikhombisa futhi principalities ezincane eziningana waphikelela ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini IX.

Alfred Veliky

Kancane kancane, umngcele yobuhlanga namalimi phakathi izizwe zamaJalimane kusulwe ngokuphelele. Ziningi izici nomthelela lokhu: .. ukuphila ohlangothini Long zombili, ukuhweba, imishado dynastic phakathi lwamakhosi elibusayo ngakho ngokuthi Anglo-Saxon, abantu, uvele ekhulwini IX ensimini ka imibuso eziyisikhombisa. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphikelela labantu isibe yokubuthanela lobuKristu yayo. Ngaphambi kokuthuthela esiqhingini Angles futhi Saxons, njengazo zonke amaJalimane, base amaqaba bakhuleka onkulunkulu ayo onkulunkulu.

Okokuqala e 597 wabhapathizwa inkosi yakwa-Kent Ethelbert. Lo mkhosi kwaba nomhlangano Saint Augustine eSontweni LamaKatolika. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imfundiso entsha landa phakathi kwaso sonke isibalo sabantu German yaseBrithani. NamaKristu - ukuthi Anglo-Saxons abaqala VII - VIII eminyaka. UMbusi Wessex Egbert, abusa 802 -. Iminyaka 839, wakwazi zibuswe igunya lakhe yonke imibuso eziyisikhombisa. Namuhla, izazi-mlando ambheka njengomfundisi wawo nkosi yokuqala yase-England, nakuba ayengaqondi ukugqoka ukuthi isihloko. Umzukulu wakhe, u-Alfred Veliky ekupheleni kwekhulu IX wahola womzabalazo wenkululeko kazwelonke ngokumelene amaViking, siphazamise eBrithani. Ngemva ukuhlanza esiqhingini kubahlaseli, wathatha isiqu esasiwafanele ka enkosi yaseNgilandi. inkathi entsha yaqala ngo umlando ukuthuthukiswa zesizwe. Namuhla, izazi-mlando zihlola ke IX leminyaka, ukuze ufunde kabanzi ukuthola ukuthi ngubani wama-Anglo-Saxons. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, ulwazi kwabo kusekelwe imibhalo zemihla ephakathi, futhi imivubukulo.

abantukazana

Ngokwengxenye iningi kwesikhathi labantu eBrithani eyingoduso kwezolimo. Ayengobani Anglo-Saxons kusukela iphuzu yezenhlalakahle umbono? Kwakumelwe abalimi khulula (amagama abo curls). Lezi abaninimhlaba elincane oludonsa ngokuphelele, akuxhomekile ebukhosini futhi kuncike kuphela emandleni obukhosi. Yayikhokha State of yerenti, kanye nengxenye Vierden - abezempi kazwelonke.

Ukuze VIII zemihla ekhulwini musa ukusho khona interlayer abalimi nasekuthengeni. A usongo olukhulu inkululeko zabo sezibe elilimaza Viking kuphangwa. kwavela Abaphangi kusukela eScandinavia kulesi siqhingi ngokungalindelekile. Bayishisela isisombulo soxolo, nabakhileyo babulewe noma kwaholela ekuthunjweni. Ngisho noma umlimi wakwazi ukubaleka amaViking, wahlala lutho. Ekuhluphekeni, kwakufanele bonyana enze ukufuna usizo kusukela kwamadoda asebukhosini, has landholdings ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nezimpi isimo isikhathi ngasinye kakhulu anda izintela. Extortions kabuhlungu ngisho kulabo amapulazi ezazisemizini izifunda esithile sokuthula ezweni lakithi. Ngakho umlando wama-Anglo-Saxons ngokwemvelo kancane kancane kwangikhanyela ukubukeka enqabeni.

I Norman ukunqoba

Nge kwesikhathi ukuthola ukuthi ngubani wama-Anglo-Saxons, futhi lapho bephuma isibe more xaka ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi isiko yobuhlanga kuyinto kancane kancane into yesikhathi esidlule ngemva England won Norman ibutho Duke Wilhelm I. 1066, imikhumbi yakhe basuka France ochotshoziwe futhi safika Britain. Injongo uWilliam uMnqobi kwaba isihlalo sobukhosi saseNgilandi, okwakuthatha-Anglo-Saxon lwamakhosi.

LoMbuso laliwukuphela buthaka ngenxa ukuhlaselwa ngesikhathi esisodwa amaViking, futhi yayifuna ukuzuza isizinda esiqhingini. I -Battle of Hastings Normans wahlasela nkosi ibutho uHarold II Godwinson. Ngokushesha wonke sase-Ngilande ngezinkathi ezandleni Wilhelm. Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona umjikelezo okulula umbusi, okuvame kwenzeka Ephakathi. Wilhelm kwaba owezizwe - wawakhuluma olunye ulimi, futhi wakhuliswa umphakathi ezahlukene.

Ukuvela IsiZulu

Kwake kwathi ngo-amandla, inkosi entsha wanika esiqhingini Norman yayo elite. kafushane French baba ulimi ebukhosini futhi bonke abaholi. Nokho, Anglo-Saxon lwesigodi ubudala ezigcinwe abantukazana enkulukazi. Igebe phakathi kwezakhi zenhlabathi yezenhlalakahle wahlala isikhathi eside.

Kakade ekhulwini XII ahlanganisiwe ezilimini ezimbili English (inguqulo yokuqala yaleli yesimanje), njengoba izakhamuzi zombuso zaqala bazibiza British. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Normans alethwe zakudala feudalism nakwezempi fief uhlelo. Yavela kanjalo-ke isizwe esisha, futhi igama elithi "i-Anglo-Saxons" luye lwaba umqondo zomlando.