Azovskie nokuhamba Petru 1 kafushane

Kwandulelwe ngenkathi uPetru umlando Russian kwesokunxele eziningi ezingaphelele, futhi omunye wabo - it is izungezwe, ukulinywa sina ukuthuthukiswa isimo Russian. Moscow Russia ayehlale ebancisha okunomunyu ubunikazi komkhathi eningizimu. Ukuthuthukiswa kunoma isiphi isimo incike umuntu ukuba abuye angenele izwe ukuhweba enkundleni futhi ikhono ukuqhuba inqubomgomo angaphandle abanekhono. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana ukufinyelela ngqo olwandle bancishwa Russia amathuba omkhulu.

Izizathu kuyiwe Azov

Isidingo esiphuthumayo okwanda isimo esaphakama ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka, kwaphawulwa kokubusa wezinguquko Petru 1, ekubeni umsebenzi oyinhloko nokuhlanganisa ubunye yangaphakathi yezwe, eqinisa kwamandla alo ezempi nokukhuphula ukubaluleka global. Ukucinga izindlela emhlabeni kwezepolitiki kwaholela kwesiphetho umkhankaso eningizimu, ngokuthi Azov imikhankaso kaPetru 1. Chaza kafushane ezinye izizathu nesenzakalo yabo.

Izazi-mlando zithi amakhulu eminyaka kuphangwa we YaseCrimea AmaTatar bezwe Russian ngoba cishe abayizigidi ezinhlanu abantu babeqhutshwa ebugqilini. Isidingo ezibhekene ekuzingeleni ngesihluku ngoba amadoda leso esinye isizathu esenza kokuqala uhambo eningizimu. Ezithathwe engxenyeni XVII ekhulwini Chigirinsky yesibili Kuzonyuka Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich futhi bomkhankaso YaseCrimea ePrince Golitsyn akazange ulethe imiphumela efanele, ushiya umbuzo isikhundla namandla emazweni Black Sea kungalungiswanga. Ngakho-ke, abasebasha UPETRU akazange akukholelwe kunaka phezu eziphathelane umngcele futhi ivula ne ukufinyelela eningizimu kwezilwandle amathuba ukukhula angaphandle.

Ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo 1670s nempi Turkey kanye eCrimea Russia usebenze njengomahluleli ingxenye uthi eziqine - amalungu Christian Coalition. Esikhathini 1690s umbimbi waseRussia - Poland nase-Austria - baye isivumelwano ne Turkey ngezimo zezwe ngaphandle kokunaka izithakazelo Russian - ngakho uthi umlando. UPetru wakhiphela phambili izimfuno ukuthi anqande kuphangwa kanye nokwenzeka ukubhukuda khulula imikhumbi Russian ku Azov futhi Black iziLwandle. Basuke inselele abaseTurkey iminyaka eminingi. Izingxoxo yadonsa kwaze kwaba 1694. Khona-ke uPetru 1 isinqumo ukuphoqelela nemibandela amandla izikhali.

Injongo eyinhloko kwaba inqaba Azov, elise umlomo uDon uvala ukungena oLwandle Olumnyama. Take it kwavulela ukufinyelela Russian kolwandle, kwenza kwaba lula ukwakha wasemanzini ukusungulwa eliqaphile lokulwa olwengeziwe. Iminyaka Azov nemikhankaso Petru 1, kwaba nakangaka emlandweni wezwe.

Ipulani umkhankaso wokuqala

Isibindi sakhe alandisa bobusha yobudala maximalism umbusi osemusha ekuqaleni kuka 1695 azazisa ukushaywa eCrimea. Kwakuwusuku umkhankaso wokuqala Azov kaPetru 1. Ukuze disorient futhi zikuphazamise nokunakwa amaqhawe isitha Azov iqoqo kwamenyezelwa e Moscow, uhlose ukuba amashe sifinyelela engezansi Dnieper ngaphansi B. P. Sheremeteva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwamiswa ngasese Azov ibutho amathathu, ehlanganisa izigaba zezizwe ezintathu phezulu iphansi kwesandla sika-ojenene Lefort, Gordon, Golovin, kokuba behlome ngemibese izigqulo ezingaphezu kuka-100 futhi arquebuses 40.

Umbusi ngokwakhe sasitholakala kuyi Army scorer Petrom Alekseevym. Phatha of butho awazange bagxila kule izandla efanayo. nezindaba ezibalulekile ibukwa emkhandlwini futhi ivunyelwe Petru 1.

Umkhankaso Azov

Azov imikhankaso kaPetru 1 waqala 1695. Spring eziyishumi-senkulungwane le vanguard sesigaba kukaGordon, ngokugxila e Tambov, wahamba Azov. Waya ehlane Cherkassy, nalapho efike waphelela khona elajoyinwa Don Cossacks. Inqaba Azov, isendaweni ibhange kwesokunxele Don, budebuduze umlomo wawo, kuyinto lenqaba omangalisayo ebiyelweyo bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.

Ekupheleni kuka June, Gordon befinyelela umgomo oyinhloko, futhi wakanisa eduze nqaba. Ukuze ukufika zamabutho labalulekile eluLwimi ngenhla Azov Kaysugi emfuleni wakha Mytishevuyu emtateni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amabutho main kufika ku imifula eMoscow, eVolga and Oka ukuba Tsaritsyn ke ezweni ukuze Panshin futhi ulandelele emuva ngebhayisikili Don kuya Azov, okuyinto bahlakazeka ekucaleni July, itholakala eningizimu le nqaba, ngelulela ukuze Kagalnik River. Siege epaki kanye nezinhlamvu ezingu okwesikhashana ligcinwe ngaso Mytishevoy pier, egcwele uhlobo base kuyiphi supply Sekuqaliswe ezicitshwayo kuya Army.

Ukuvinjezelwa amayunithi kusengaphambili amabutho kukaGordon ekuqaleni Julayi, nge bombardment eqinile le nqaba, lapho izindonga kwalo zonakala. Kodwa emzini ovinjezelwe ovela ezweni igcinwe kusukela inflow ukudla kanye nezinhlamvu lapho waya olwandle. amabutho Russian abangu kutsho, imikhumbi eqinile kwadingeka futhi wokunqanda isitha akakwazanga, okwenza ukuvinjezelwa akuzange nomphumela ofiselekayo. AbaseTurkey, kusekelwa amahhashi YaseCrimea AmaTatar, owalwa ngaphandle kwezindonga enqabeni, wenza nokuhlasela njalo.

Ubusuku-July 20, izingxenye eziningana ibutho uPetru ngathuthela ibhange kwesokudla Don kanye main, ukwakha izinqaba kanye amasosha ahlomile ehamba ngezinqola wezikhali, bakwazi ukuqhubeka shelling edolobheni bevela enyakatho. Njengoba eduze okuvimbezela, amabutho Russian waqala ukuhlasela ngo-August 5. Azov wabekezela. Ukuvinjezelwa kwedolobha kwadonsa isikhathi eside, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuphinda lokushaya. Lapho engena emzini ngamasango ukuwohloka elincane kuqhuma imayini, amasosha Gordon baba lusizi amabutho Turkish. Ukuhlaselwa kuhlulekile futhi, abaseTurkey ophoqelelwe amabutho Russian ukubaleka jikelele. Azov nemikhankaso Petru 1, ngokukhethekile, owokuqala babo, yembula amaphutha kanye amaphutha e umyalo kanye nokuphathwa isimo lokuvimbezela impi.

ukushiyeka Ezicindezelekile futhi ukulahlekelwa esindayo, uPetru wanikeza isinqumo ukuqedwa lokuvimbezela: Septhemba 28 waqala ukucisha ibhethri, bese ngo-October 2, bonke abantu baya eMoscow.

luthuthukisa Sheremetyeva

kwesenzo esithathiwe Dnieper Sheremetyeva eziningana offset munyu kokunqotshwa emkhankasweni Azov. Wayenenqolobane izinqaba ezimbili, ochithwa abaseTurkey ishiywe lenqaba. Nakuba ukwehluleka esiqondisweni eyinhloko ekulweni ophoqelelwe lo mbusi osemusha uyephuza ibutho imingcele Sheremetyev, ngegalelo lakhe imikhankaso Azov kaPetru 1 uye sasisikhulu.

Ukulungiselela umkhankaso omusha

Eqaphela ukubaluleka injongo nekuhlatiya izimbangela ukwehluleka, Petru 1 waqala ukuqeqeshwa alandelayo mashi eningizimu. Wayeqonda ukuthi ngesisekelo ukwehluleka lo mkhankaso kwaba ukuntuleka ngoxhaxha kanye ukuziphatha yimpumelelo izingxabano kungenzeka kuphela ukuxhumana olulodwa phakathi kwamabutho phansi kanti imikhumbi yezempi, ikhono ukuvimba tindlelanchubo kolwandle Azov, kanjalo wayencisha kuye ka umthamo wemvula ngosizo zangaphandle. UPeter Omkhulu, nokubusa okwakukhona egcwele izenzakalo ezinkulu futhi bayalwa ukuba uqhubekele ukwakhiwa lwemikhumbi kule isimo futhi Voronezh, wahola ukwakhiwa.

Ngo parallel, bakha eshalofini entsha Azov ibutho, ngokwengxenye kwagcizelela Sheremeteva amabutho amabutho setha futhi ushayele Cossacks izakhamuzi zomsebenzi. Ukuze wenze i-yokuntuleka kwabasebenzi ubunjiniyela lempi, uPetru wakhuluma nezinhloko ithi ahlangene, Poland nase-Austria.

Okwesibili lweminyaka eningizimu

Azov nemikhankaso Petru 1 baqhubeka. Entwasahlobo ka-1696 ibutho iphansi kwesandla sika-Generalissimo A. S. Sheina, ehlanganisa Ezigabeni ojenene Gordon, Golovin futhi Regemana labantu ingqikithi abantu abayizinkulungwane 75 okuye kwenzelwa umkhankaso Okwesibili Azov. Ebusika ukwakha imikhumbi, okuyinto fuza phatha of Lefort. Lalinama 2 imikhumbi, 23 emikhunjini bese 4 umlilo-imikhumbi. Petru 1 esiqokiwe kuqoqwa bebutho Voronezh, lapho ngobuningi kwezinhloko zamaviyo Kwakuhlelwe ukuthumela Azov ezweni, kanye wezikhali kanye uxhumano asele ukuthutha amanzi. Elihamba wenza eMoscow ngo-8 Mashi kanye ekupheleni kwenyanga, ngokugxila e Voronezh, isiqale ukulayisha lwemikhumbi ekupheleni lapho ikhanda yebutho waya emboniselweni.

Ngomhla ka-May 19, phambili amayunithi division kukaGordon sase sifika Novosergievskaya, kancane ngenhla Azov. The main isitimela imikhumbi Russian ukulawula ukuhamba ngoxhaxha Turkish emi imigwaqo. Ngemva izimpikiswano eziningana aba nokuphoqa abaseTurkey akazange alinge ukukhuluma amabutho ukuqinisa umuzi. imikhumbi yabo ingenele olwandle, ngaphandle ngokwenza noma yini ukuze ngisindise enqabeni. Garrison besingalindele kabusha iJerusalema livinjezelwe. Ukusebenzisa le ukweqiwa, ekhuphuka ekuqaleni Juni amabutho Russian waqinisa ekamu, matasa izindlela walondoloza ngokuphelele futhi waqala ukufaka wezikhali.

Ukuvinjezelwa inqaba

lokuvimbezela wesibili Azova Petrom engangikwenzile okuningi ngempumelelo. Nakuba amaTartar ayahlakazeka yonkana asemaqeleni, ehlaselwa njalo amaRoma awuthatha, kodwa ikhanda Azov, behlukene nezwe elingaphandle, walivikela ayisebenzi kakhulu. Eqondiswa bezindonga zezivikelo Generalissimo Shein. Ihamba sikaPeter Omkhulu babe emigwaqweni wayesesikebheni kolwandle, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela SIHLANGANA ebhishi ukuqapha inkambo ezempi.

ngentuthuko

I wemaviki lamabili bombardment ka enqabeni, okuyinto waqala maphakathi no-June, akuzange imiphumela oyifunayo - the okuvimbezela nezindonga asamukelanga umonakalo. Labe uthole isixazululo engavamile kodwa ngempumelelo: ukwakha ephakeme kunaleyo ezweni, oluthi, push kuye emdulini futhi, njengoba sekugcwele emhosheni, ukuqala ukuhlasela. Kwaba umsebenzi omkhulu. Nsuku zonke, kuthatha ayizinkulungwane 15 abantu: imiphini ezimbili ezakhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubukeka yayihloselwe ukusetha wezikhali. Eyaya ibutho ochwepheshe Austria - onjiniyela, sappers kanye wezikhali eliqondisa umsebenzi, usebenzisa izindlela zakamuva engineering lempi ngesikhathi.

Azov Ukuthatha Petru 1 e 1696

Capture of Azov kwenzeka ngokushesha: phakathi kuka-July, ekhathele ekuvinjezelweni eside, le Cossacks kanye Don Cossacks wenza ukugasela ku enqabeni, futhi ngokushesha bayawuqhwaga ingxenye kukhale, ophoqelelwe abaseTurkey ashona. Le mpumelelo unqume umphumela impi eyaphela ngawo. Ngakho uqede imikhankaso Azov kaPetru 1. kafushane futhi enamandla kwawona counterattacks eziningana okuyimpumelelo uxhumano Russian sokunikela. Bamvimbezela abaseTurkey zaqala ukuxoxa ngokuya lacela umaluju. Julayi 19 UPetru amabutho angena Azov.

Kunzima overestimate ukubaluleka kwalokhu kunqoba IRussia omncane le nkosi, yona waqala ukubusa ukunqoba izwe ezaziletha imikhankaso Azov kaPetru 1. Ithebula Ngokuqhathanisa izenzakalo zomlando kokubili imikhankaso kubonisa ngokushesha kangakanani kuKesari ukuba ahlahlele abuye ahlole amaphutha, indlela brilliant bona ziyalungiswa.