Bird ubuchopho: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Ubuchopho - umlamuli oyinhloko zonke izinto nemisebenzi umzimba, kanye nezenzo zawo zokuziphatha okuhloswe yokuvumelana izimo zangaphandle zokuphila.

Medulla oblongata iwukuqhutshwa emgogodleni. It has grey ndaba engaphandle futhi imfuyo ezimhlophe elise ngaphakathi. Confluence weseli emizimbeni izinzwa e-medulla ukwakha ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Medulla - isitho esibalulekile. Nge esehlulwe kungukuphula ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo futhi autonomic reflex izenzo nokufa kwenzeka lapho kubhujiswa ke. Medulla yenza introducer futhi reflex imisebenzi. Ubuchopho elawula ikhaliphe ezilandelayo: inhliziyo, ithoni semithambo, ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, sneezing, amathe, ukugwinya, uketshezi esiswini kanye pancreatic, ukuhlanza, umzimba, edwengula, eshaywa futhi ukuvala lid, tonic lwamathambo imisipha ingqondo.

Nge imisebenzi medulla izikhungo okubonakalisa obandayo ukuma ikhaliphe ezihlobene. ikhaliphe oma yilezo ikhaliphe ezibangela ukuhanjiswa ithoni imisipha ngokushintsha yokuma ikhanda.

Ubuchopho kanye cerebellum ezihambisana afferent futhi efferent Imicu yotshani isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko ngayo yonke iminyango, kanye ngokusebenzisa nabo kwemisipha receptor eziningi emzimbeni, kanye autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-cerebellum zihlanganisa: 1) umthethonqubo motor izenzo; 2) somthetho we izinqubo autonomic. Lezi imisebenzi cerebellum Kwamiswa ucwaningo besebenzisa amasu extirpation, ukucasuka ukuqopha biopotentials cerebellum kokuma emtholampilo.

I cerebellum is kahle ithuthukiswe izinyoni futhi kubalulekile Inzwa yabo asethuthukile kakhulu sokulinganisela. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka lokuqala ngemva kokususwa inyoni cerebellum ayikwazi ukundiza uhambe. Uma uzama ukuhambisa khona Ukudlikizela, enye inyoni uwela ohlangothini. Nokho, kungase kuthathe ukudla nokuphuzwayo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, isimo liyathuthuka, inyoni uyakwazi, nakuba kunzima, ukuma, ukuhamba futhi fly. Ukucwaninga kososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi cerebellum itholakala izikhungo olawula umsebenzi autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa.

izinyoni Umzali ubuchopho (ubuchopho obuphakathi) is kahle futhi liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: i-colliculus esiphakeme futhi imilenze. Colliculus has a front and iyizingxenye ezingemuva futhi izinzwa sezinzwa nuclei kwakhiwa.

The main umsebenzi ubuchopho obuphakathi: 1. phambi ingxenye colliculus aphakeme liyisikhungo eyinhloko ezibukwayo. Lapha kukhona ukuhlaziywa owandulelayo ezishukumisa ukukhanya. Njengoba ukusabela wenziwa eseduze stimulation ukukhanya nge izikhungo (ukuzungeza ikhanda e isiqondiso umfutho ukukhanya). Izikhungo of the phambi colliculus aphakeme alawule ukusikwa umfundi. 2. ezingemuva ingxenye colliculus ithwala orienting impendulo ezintweni sokuzwa (ikhanda ujike ekufezeni umfutho umsindo). 3. nigra substantia ehilelekile ukulawulwa lwamathambo imisipha. Uphinde isenzo kokugwinya futhi ephefumula isigqi. 4. Ubuchopho, noma kunalokho ubuchopho isilinganiso has isikhungo obandayo ikhaliphe ekulungiseni. ikhaliphe ekulungiseni abizwa ngokuthi ingqondo ukuthi ukubuyisela ngendlela ejwayelekile yomzimba emva ukwephulwa.

Ubuchopho ezihuquzelayo, ngokungafani ubuchopho inyoni ingqondo kuyinto ubuchopho ampofu.

Ubuchopho obuphakathi siqukethe thalamus, futhi ngxenye epithalamus. Diencephalon wenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. 1. thalamus iyona ngalendoda okuyinto eqoqa pulses kuzo zonke yokwamukela omzimba (sibonwa, sokuzwa, gustatory, ethintekayo, izinga lokushisa, ubuhlungu, proprioceptors) futhi uzithumela ukuba ama- cerebral palsy. 2. nuclei we thalamus amaza afferent babhekana ukuhlaziya kokuqala zamagama. 3. Esikhathini thalamus, wanqotshwa imizwelo afferent babe ngokomzwelo. Kukhona umuzwa ubuhlungu, uzizwa kumnandi futhi singathandeki. 4. thalamus ulawula imisipha ithoni plastic, lapho izinyoni bangathola futhi sigcine ezihlukahlukene zibhekise. 5. epithalamus ayizikhungo olawula umsebenzi lo analyzer olfactory. 6. yenziwe yaba yasendaweni hypothalamic izikhungo elawula umfundi Ukuvuleka komlomo, umfutho wegazi, emishinini yokuphefumula, kanye motor nemisebenzi secretory yaleli pheshana wokugaya ukudla. 7. ngxenye alawule nezinga lokushisa komzimba.