Dysarthria ezinganeni nakubantu abadala: Izimbangela Nezingozi Izimpawu

Dysarthria ngokuthi inkulumo sifo, okungukuthi proiznositelnoj yayo eceleni. Kusekelwe ukuntuleka innervation, noma ukungasebenzi izinzwa obhekene uxhumano nezitho zokukhuluma kanye isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Kungaba umphumela ukulimala kobuchopho kwegazi, izifo ezithathelwanayo TSNR, isimila izinqubo ukulimala ebuchosheni noma ikhanda. Dysarthria ezinganeni kungenzeka ngenxa yokuzalwa ukuhlukumezeka, kwezinso azalwa naso, asphyxia lapho ezalwa izifo lezinceku isimiso sezinzwa. Ngokuvamile kuhambisana nokuqhubekela iziyaluyalu. Ezimweni eziningi (85%), dysarthria ezinganeni ephelezelwa zezingane -cerebral palsy.

I ukubonakaliswa eyinhloko dysarthria zihlanganisa izinguquko ijubane futhi isigqi yokukhuluma, ukuhlanekezela ithoni yayo, phonation kahle, ukuhambisana egwinya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi zikhona ezinye izimpawu: iziyaluyalu kokugwinya futhi ukuhlafuna iziyaluyalu ngokomzwelo futhi volitional, njll Lokhu nesineke - egwinya futhi ongaqondakali, ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukuba ingenzele ... degrees eziningana elikhethiwe dysarthria - ngesisekelo inkulumo kanjani abantu kuyaqondakala kwabanye. Kusulwe dysarthria ezinganeni noma dysarthria omnene abadala elinesimo indistinctness ezithile nasally (nasalization) inkulumo, okuyinto Nokho, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani abanye. izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa kulesi simo kungenziwa eshiwo ngokucacile noma cishe lingekho. Dysarthria ezinganeni nakubantu abadala of kobukhulu ngokulinganisela elinesimo ukuhlanekezela abalulekile yokukhuluma - kangangokuthi ukuqonda ngokuphelele isiguli ngokuvamile can abantu abaseduze kuphela. Ekugcineni, degree okunzima dysarthria kwenza inkulumo yomuntu ukuqonda engenakwenzeka, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kunazo kungase ngisho ngingekho ngokuphelele (anarthria).

Hlukanisa futhi izinhlobo eziningana elikhethiwe dysarthria, ngokusekelwe indawo lesion we-apharathasi motor yokukhuluma kanye kwamangqamuzana ka syndromes zezinzwa. Dysarthria, izimpawu ezihlukahlukene okuyinto iyafana, njengoba kuboniswa kahle inkulumo ukuphefumula, eholela ukuhlanekezela tenkhulumo, buviyoviyo, amandla kanye iphimbo. Ngoba izingane cerebral palsy izilonda nobuchopho ekubhebhetselisa ngokwemvelo, zingabantu ngokuvamile amafomu samanje okuxubile ngamandla kwalesi sifo. Ukuze uthole kwamangqamuzana okucacile izinhlobo dysarthria, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze ukhethe ukwelashwa okufanele, kudingeka uthintane ochwepheshe eziningana (inkulumo Umeluleki, udokotela wezinzwa) - ngoba siphetho sisekelwe emazwini futhi inkulumo, kanye etholakalayo motor iziyaluyalu.

Ukwabela bulbar, subcortical, cortical, cerebellar, pseudobulbar ifomu dysarthria. Kugcine, kubangele ukukhubazeka noma paresis we izinzwa ezisuka cortex kuya nuclei we hypoglossal, vagus, nerve glossopharyngeal, kwenzeka kaningi izingane. Kulokhu kuhlukumeza hhayi inkulumo kuphela, kodwa futhi jikelele motor amakhono. Ingane futhi uhlangabezana nobunzima lapho nge ukugwinya, lapho nokugxaza amathe (amathe ngokweqile). Abafundi dysarthria unezinkinga inkositini nekufundza, kubhala. amaphutha ejwayelekile uma ubhala - ukudlula noma esikhundleni ezinye izincwadi, ngokwengxenye, futhi ngokuvamile ukuhlanekezela ephelele amazwi, ukudlula izingxenye phezulu yokukhuluma, ayilungile amazwi afanayo.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa dysarthria - inqubo eside, kubalwa, okungenani ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kuya ngobubi bayo. Ekuqaleni, ngokuvamile kwenziwa esibhedlela amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngaphansi kokulawula udokotela wezinzwa, ukusifundisa ukukhuluma futhi ngezinye izikhathi pathologists ke kuqhubeka esigulini esingalalisiwe esibhedlela. Ngaphezu amaseshini izwi, ngenkathi usebenzisa Physiotherapy, ukuphefumula ukuzilolonga, reflexotherapy; bangaqashwa futhi izindlela zokwelapha. Kufanele kuqondwe: dysarthria ezinganeni akunakwenzeka ukuba amphulukise ngaphandle iqhaza ngqo abazali. Badinga ukubandakanya ingane nsukuzonke, nje ogcina nemiyalelo ongoti.