Dzheyms Dzhoys: Biography, ifa etemibhalo

Dzheyms Dzhoys, ogama biography kuchazwa kulesi sihloko, omele edume kakhulu empilweni yesimanjemanje e-Ireland. Umsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo lunomthelela omkhulu isiko zekhulu leminyaka lama-20.

Esakhula

Joyce wazalwa ngo 1882 eningizimu Dublin, endaweni Rathgar. Umndeni wakhe lalilikhulu kakhulu (izingane nanhlanu). Ubaba Dzhon Dzhoys waqale wahlanganyela ibhizinisi lomndeni - iwayini ukuhweba. Kodwa njengoba ayiqondakali ababeyizazi ezindabeni, ngokushesha baya ungeke uzithole usuwile. Kwakudingeka ukuba yena uSolomoni ehhovisi lentela. Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi umsebenzi wayengekho enothuli, kodwa kukhona John akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuvamile ngishintsha imisebenzi. Kanye nonkosikazi wakhe Meri Dzheyn, babefanele ukuhambisa ngokuvamile, ngakho uJakobe ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni wahlala cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye Dublin.

Eqinisweni, umthwalo wonke ngoba umndeni yawela emahlombe unina. Yena kwakufanele impesheni yabo engadle ngabukhazikhazi, lapho bonke waphila. John-playboy akusho ukudida lesi simo. It is kakhulu kwathinta zonke izingane ekhaya, owazalelwa ukuya noyise imbala. Kamuva, ngemisebenzi uJoyce, le mizwa kuyobonakala.

Naphezu ubumpofu kanye disorder lomndeni, lo mfana akwazi ukuthola imfundo enhle. Ngesikhathi eseneminyaka eyisithupha wathunyelwa ongumJesuit College Klongouz Woods. Futhi sidluliselwe Belvedere eminyakeni eyishumi nanye. Ngo-1897, imfundo post-secondary, Dzheyms Dzhoys wabhalisa e-University of Dublin (Royal), okuvela kulo wathola iziqu ngo-1902.

emphakathini kokuqala

Dzheyms Dzhoys, ogama biography kubonisa ukuthi ngempela umbhali onekhono, esikoleni bakhe balithanda izincwadi nolimi. Kwaba ngokushesha kucace ukuthi lokhu akulona nje into yesikhashana.

Ukubhala James kancane yena eyingoduso ngaphambi kokungena ongumJesuit ekolishi. Kodwa lapho eseneminyaka engu-eziyisishiyagalolunye, wadala inkondlo, is abatelekile neqondile yayo nokuvuleka. Wanikezela yona Charles Parnell, umholi ezinhlangano zomzabalazo wenkululeko e-Ireland, kanye uzakwabo Timoti Hili owamnikelayo umngane wakhe, ngenxa afa kuwo.

Inkondlo ukuthi okusakazwa uyise umbhali, kodwa ikhophi, ngeshwa, akazange ukusinda.

Ngesikhathi ngisafunda eNyuvesi kaJoyce wabhala indaba mayelana umbhali esithandayo Genrihe Ibsene "Drama Nokuphila". Kwakuyisikhathi Uhlolojikelele elincane umsebenzi. Ngemva konyaka uJoyce waqala ukunyathelisa umagazini London ehlonishwayo "Ukubuyekezwa wemaviki lamabili." ukushicilelwa sakhe sokuqala kwaba isihloko kuyadlalwa Ibsen sika "Drama okusha". Ezifuna umbhali ithole imali enhle, kodwa eyigugu kakhulu kwaba ludumo wemidlalo ngaye.

Futhi ngo-1900 wabhala play "umsebenzi brilliant". Akuyona nje indaba alingise Ibsen.

Ngemva kokufa Ruskin uJoyce sihloko: "Umqhele wabahlakaniphile omnqumo wasendle," esanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini lapho izinkulumo umbhali mayelana isiphetho eyiNgisi abadumile.

Kusukela 1901, ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela translation (isibonelo, Hauptmann sika "Ngaphambi kwelanga").

Ngo-October 1902, uJames, yayineminyaka bakwazi ukuhlangana Yates. Njengoba yokugcina, umbhali yethu sifisa baziphathe kakhulu baphakamisé ikhanda labo kakhulu. Ngempela, u-Joyce babevamile lokhu kuziphatha, kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbe ukuba nesihe futhi nomusa kabanye abantu.

Paris

Ngakho uJoyce iziqu University. Phambi kwakhe kwakumi nenkinga: ukuthi sizokwenzenjani? Ka- ukucabanga isikhashana ngalo, wanquma ukuthi wayefuna ukuzijayeza imithi. Lokhu Kungakho ekuqaleni Disemba 1902 waya eParis.

Dzheyms Dzhoys, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako ngezinye izikhathi isimanga, emzini romantic kakhulu emhlabeni ayikhohlwa masinyane injongo yokuvakasha yakhe. Medicine ngokoqobo badlula ekhanda layo.

Uba njalo eNational Library, ifundeka kanje eziningi futhi ecabanga. Kulezi imicabango kamuva kwaphenduka izinkondlo ukuqoqwa "Chamber umculo" futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba usebenza, alibiza ngokuthi "Epiphany," Dzheyms Dzhoys yena. Kafushane lesi umqondo kubonakala "UStefanu Hero" (Umbhali inoveli) futhi isici theory Ngasekuqaleni kaJoyce yobuhle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJakobe wathumela izinto futhi incwadi Izibuyekezo iye esiqhingini, benza zazinyatheliswa "Dublin Daily Express".

Phakathi 1903 uyafa unina kaJoyce. Izinyanga lokugcina indodana yakhe e Dublin. Kodwa ngenxa yokungavumelani ngezizathu zenkolo (uJoyce inqatshelwe inkolo), ngemuva kokushiya umama Ngazizwa nginecala yayiklinya ngayo utshwala.

Kusukela 1904, waqala umsebenzi umsebenzi yokuqala enkulu - ". A Hero of Steven" noveli Ngo parallel, abasebenza izinkondlo, okuyinto kamuva zizofakwa eqoqweni "Dubliners".

Juni 10 Kwenzekani emhlanganweni kwesibhamu empilweni kaJoyce. Wahlangana umkakhe esizayo, Nora. Ngaleso sikhathi, wasebenza wasendlini ehhotela. Kusukela ngalolo suku kuqhubeke, cishe never hlukana.

Phakathi nale nkathi, James abhale abuye ashicilele komagazini eziningi izindaba. Futhi ekugcineni, kanye Nora, waya e-Europe, oya ezwekazini.

Ngo-1905, Trieste, lo mbhangqwana indodana Giorgio, futhi ngo-1907 - indodakazi Lucia. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ntombazane wazalelwa esibhedlela abampofu. Joyce zisesimweni nzima zezimali, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uyise ka umndeni kanye kwadingeka basebenze kanzima. Iqoqo "Dubliners" akekho owayefuna ukushicilela, ikakhulukazi e-Ireland. Wabalwa unpatriotic, futhi umshicileli yengcindezi yomphakathi isivele makushiswe amakhophi ngomumo ukudayiswa.

Zurich

Ngenxa kokugqashuka Umhlaba uJoyce ophoqelelwe ukuya Zurich, lapho bayosala kuze 1919. James kwakuqale ukusebenza phezu noveli ebaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni - ". Ulysses"

Ukuphila Zurich Okwaphawuleka lokuthi lapha umbhali bagcina abasebenza omunye imisebenzi yakhe engcono - ". A Portrait Umculi njengoba Insizwa" incwadi Ezinye izahluko kakade babone ukukhanya, kodwa wonke edition yayingazimisele.

"A Portrait Umculi njengoba Insizwa"

Lokhu zokuthumela kwakhe James kaJoyce. Wabukeza kusukela ebhaliwe ngaphambili "UStefanu Hero."

Incwadi yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1916 e-United States, ngenxa yemizamo Hariett umngane uJoyce Weaver, umhleli yangaphambili "Egoist". Khona-ke yanyatheliswa Austria nakwamanye amazwe.

Umbhali echaza ukuvela hero ngegama Stiven Dedal owaphana "nangokuthi u-Ulysses," noveli izovela esikhathini esizayo. Dzheyms Dzhoys wathi mayelana uhlamvu njengoba yakhe Alter-ukuzazisa. Daedalus nje bangabaza iqiniso postulates YobuKatolika futhi ngokunemba idivayisi emphakathini wanamuhla e-Ireland.

"Nangokuthi u-Ulysses"

Kuze kube ngo-1922 omagazini aphume ikhanda noveli amasha nge uJoyce. Kodwa ngokushesha, ngisho e-United States yalivimbela ngaso ukukhululwa. EBrithani, umisa wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1936. Ekugcineni, le ncwadi yabhalwa ngo-Paris. Yena ngo-February 2 - usuku lokuzalwa umlobi.

Ayikwazanga umbhali ngiphupha-ke ukuthi lona kwakungumsebenzi wakhe ngokuthi sokudlondlobala yesimanjemanje ukuthi uzothola ezinegunya "nangokuthi u-Ulysses" yakhe? Dzheyms Dzhoys wakwenza lokhu akungabazeki! Layidalile umsebenzi Amazing polystylistic, egcwele, zefilosofi, izakhi zomlando jikelele kwamasiko kanye nezinye. Naphezu inkimbinkimbi ngesakhiwo, inoveli a amazing ngempela futhi eyingqayizivele.

izikimu ezimbili ukuqonda kwaba Dzheyms Dzhoys. ithebula Kwezikhathi Zawo yanyatheliswa ngo-1931 S. Gilbert encwadini-cwaningo "nangokuthi u-Ulysses" UJoyce ".

"Finnegans Wake"

Ngo-1923, umlobi iqala umsebenzi ngokusebenza kwakhe ezinkulu wokugcina. wabiza lo msebenzi "The Thing emsebenzini."

Dzheyms Dzhoys, ogama biography njalo atholakala kuveza ezincwadini zakhe, wathi ubhala emlandweni wezwe. Kusukela ngo-1927 waqala ukusakaza izahluko inoveli entsha.

Ngo-July 1931, uJames ngokusemthethweni ashade Nora (futhi lokhu ngemva kweminyaka engu-27 Ubuhlobo!). Futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, babenesifiso umzukulu okuthiwa uStefanu.

Ngo-1939 ngabona ukukhululwa kwe-inoveli zokuhlola, abhalwe inqubo "ekusakazeni ukwazi". Ngokwemvelo, kwaba umbhali Dzheyms Dzhoys. Izincwadi akumangalisi umfundi is hhayi bahlangana. "Finnegans Wake" siqukethe ngokuphelele puns, neologisms amasethi, umlobi isebenzisa ngezilimi eziningi zibhalwe, ukuze uma hhayi ukutshela ukuthi bekukhulunywa ngani.

Ngokusemthethweni, isenzo senzeka khona ngobusuku obubodwa ekhatsi Dublin, kuzinga abangokomfanekiso - lokhu kuyiso sonke emlandweni wezwe.

umphumela

Ngo-January 1941, ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukususa isilonda esiswini, uyafa Dzheyms Dzhoys. Ucaphuna izincwadi zakhe yanyatheliswa ngo bonke omagazini, kodwa manje esigabeni umlandvomufi. Kwaba buhlungu osindayo lo mndeni, wayesenza ngoba bonke abalandeli of umbhali.

ukuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi kwadingeka kunethonya elikhulu endleleni enjalo abaculi eliyingqayizivele njengoba Dzhon Apdayk, Borges, Beckett. Umphumela womsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo nohlolwe ambiguously kokubili ukuphila futhi ngemva kokufa. Kodwa kukhona into eyodwa njalo - Dzheyms Dzhoys uye eyenziwa revolution ngokuphelele empucukweni yomhlaba.