Engels Airbase. Russian Air Force imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza

Ngemva izinguquko 2009 kusuka 245 lezisekelo Air Force yezenzo waseRussia babe 70. kuphela abanye benziwa baba alondolozwe noma esetshenziswa namuhla, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Engels Air Base eduze Saratov okwamanje omunye enkulu kunazo zonke ekusebenzeni.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo waqala ngo-1930 ku-oda we-CPC. Kumila itholakala 1.5 km ukusuka edolobheni Engels, Umshicilelo Saratov satellite. Ekuqaleni, lahlelwa laba isikole umshayeli. It wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa zalo ezingaphezu kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane. Man. Le ndiza wokuqala U-2 (akhiwa Polikarpov) wathatha emoyeni nge isizinda esisha ngo-February 1932

Umlando Airbase: Flying School

Ngawo-1936, Engels izifundo lempi babé cishe bengcono kakhulu kuleli zwe. Ekuqaleni, ukuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwe kuphela U-2 indiza. Kamuva waba esetshenziswa njengoba imodeli P-5 ne-CSS. abathweswe iziqu eziningi zalesi sikole waba nengxenye ekulweni eSpain Khalkhin-. Engels futhi basekela abashayeli alwa eFinland ngo 1939-1940. Khona-ke abathweswe iziqu eziyisikhombisa esikoleni waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. By ekuqaleni seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili izinkulungwane abashayeli bezindiza onekhono kakhulu baye baqeqeshwa e-Airbase.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Okwesibili

Phakathi nempi, kwaphakama Russian emoyeni base Engels bathunyelwa epini 14 regiments. Futhi bobathathu babekhona abesifazane, kwakhiwa MM Raskova. Lokhu Soviet aviatrix-Itilosi kwaba ngomunye wabokuqala yaklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. Ekupheleni kwe-30s Raskova wakhonza njengephayona Commissioner of uMnyango Special GUGB NKVD, futhi kamuva wayiswa uMnyango Aviation wase-USSR NGO. Ukugunyaza lenhlangano ukulwa amabutho zesifazane, wanikezwa ofaka uStalin. Three esungulwe ibutho lakhe - Fighter 586, 587 kanye 588 webhomu - ". Ebusuku Abathakathi" wawubumba Air Group

Ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili Heroes of zeSoviet Union, baqala cishe 200 abafundi lesikole. Sortie pilot Engels base senziwa imishini PE-2, PO-2, wahlala kanye nabanye.

Kumila in the 50s

Ngemva kwempi, isikole iqanjwe kabusha Engels esikoleni futhi baqhubeka ukuqeqeshwa kwabashayeli bezindiza wezempi. Kuze kube ngo-1951 i-izindiza Kwakuseshwa ku piston izinjini. Kamuva, jet ekuhlaseleni IL-28 yasetshenziswa. Esikhathini 50s ngaphakathi ukwakhiwa isizinda esisha 2-Engels airfield nge evulekile kobubanzi 100 m kanye nobude 3 km. Umiswa le-GDP ngo-1955 ku-ukuvuselelwa esikoleni Engels kuhanjiswe ku Tambov. Ngo-1954, entsha lomoya iyunithi 201. It yakhiwa regiments ezintathu zamabhomu lahlelwa ku base (79, 1076, 1230).

Ebusika 1955 base emoyeni Engels wathatha idelakufa lokuqala M-4 (ukuthuthukiswa Myasishcheva), futhi entwasahlobo ka-1957 - imishini eziningana ZM. Kamuva, lezi izindiza baguqukela zasemoyeni refueling emathangini avuzayo.

Ukuwa eU.SSR

Ngo-1985, ngesisekelo kabusha lakhiwa ngo-1955, kwenziwa yomgwaqo wezindiza. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ubuholi into ezokhipha oda Government of ekubhujisweni kwabo bonke ekuhlaseleni ZM kohlaka isivumelwano ku zokunciphisa izikhali okuhlaselayo. On base kwakuqoshwe kuphela refueling emathangini avuzayo ZM-II futhi MNH-II. Ngo-1993 base ngomunye okuthuthukisiwe IL-78.

Ngemva kokuphela eU.SSR 201 (TBAP) sashintshwa saba 22 Donbass Guards webhomu division. Ngo-1995, base has a isigaba ka Tu-160 kwezingu-6 imishini. Nama-pilot yayo landizela on imishini Dec futhi emathangini avuzayo ZMS-II.

Isimo namuhla

Namuhla Engels Airbase ungaphakathi njalo ukulwa ukulungela. Njengoba sekushiwo, namuhla nguye kuphela lapho ekuhlaseleni efakwe "White Swan". Ngo-August 2007, uVladimir Putin asho khona la mazwi le mishini intando ragela phambili ukulwa umsebenzi kude izindawo njalo. Kamuva, uMlawuli P. Androsov unolwazi umphakathi we-37 emoyeni Army ukuthi zenuzi ezicitshwayo ku ndiza khona.

Kuze kube manje, lo Tu-160 sihamba ikakhulukazi enyakatho enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, ngasogwini Canada ne-Alaska, kanye nakwezinye izindawo zokuqapha.

Ngo-2012, ukwakhiwa kabusha database wawenziwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo sesimanje zabhekana 1st ekuqaleni-up inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi taxiways, izitshalo ukwelashwa indle kanye nezinye izikhungo. Kwathiwa eyenziwa ukufakwa amathuluzi amasha navigation. Ngo-2014, base waqaphela njengoba best Russian imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza uxhumano. Ebusika 2016 eyalwa omunye GDP entsha. Kusukela ngo-November 2015 Base pilot onengxenye impi eSiriya.

Yiqiniso, lesi simo esinzima sezomnotho ezweni abathintekayo, kuhlanganise eziyimbangela kule sayithi ebalulekile amasu. Ngokwesibonelo, akunjalo kudala kwabezindaba ke wacabangela ecaleni lokweba uphethiloli kusukela base emoyeni Engels. Kule ndaba, entwasahlobo 2016 yayimiswe eziningana lobugebengu tinchubo, abantu bazibandakanye okwakukhona abamele umyalo abasebenzi. ukulahlekelwa Ubude ngenxa ukweba lapho kaphalafini kwaba 131 million.

Ukwakheka kulezi zinsuku

Ngo-2009, 22 Donbas Bomber Division ukuthi yamaLuthela 6950 Guards emoyeni phansi esigabeni sokuqala. Kuze kube manje, sifaka:

• ukuphathwa Airbase;

• zezindiza Usigaxamabhande.

• 7 isigaba izindiza (4 - Engels futhi 3 - Shaykovka).

izindiza

Kusukela ngomhla ka-2016, Engels base air has 16 th ekuhlaseleni "White Swan" kanye lama-20 missile abathwali Tu-95MS. Ngokokulandisa, ivelaphi kusukela 30s kwekhulu elidlule, cishe njalo umshini inikezwa igama lalo. Missile abathwali Tu ngokuvamile yaqanjwa Heroes-USSR futhi Russian Federation noma abantu exhunywe ngqo zezindiza. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ngesisekelo Engels izimoto "Valery Chkalov", "UNikolai Kuznetsov", "Andrei Tupolev" nokunye. D.

Tu-95MS izindiza abizwa ngokuthi behlonipha edolobheni. Engels ngesisekelo izindiza etholakalayo ezifana "Moscow", "Saratov", "Kaluga" nokunye. D.

Olwesimanje Tu-160M

missile Strategic "White Swan" kwavunyelwana ngo-1984. Okwesikhathi yayo, lo mshini kwaba ngempela isimangaliso eziphathelene nezempi. Kuze kube namuhla lokhu izindiza iyona enamandla kunazo, ngesivinini futhi webhomu esindayo emhlabeni.

I Tu-160 yasungulwa njengempendulo US Uhlelo Advanced inabasebenzi Strategic Aircraft, ngaphakathi kwalo la i-missile sidalwe B-1. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imoto yethu bagcina ezicini zonke singcono kakhulu eyakhelwe e-United States.

Ngo-2015, CEO PJSC "Tupolev" kusho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze inkampani uzoqala sesimanje we Tu-160. Empeleni, izindiza ezintsha uyofana imodeli ubudala lalizishaya. Abaklami basikisela ukuba esikhundleni Tu Avionics, izinjini buyekeza, ngcono yesimiso sokuzivikela nokunye. D. lokuqala olwesimanje Tu ziyokwamukelwa mhlawumbe e 2021.

Umlando we-Russian imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza

The main yesiteleka amandla umoya akuleli lizwe - yilokho namuhla zezindiza imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo. Engels - isizinda, izindiza okuyinto ukundiza phezu Arctic Atlantic Oceans, ngasogwini Alaska, njll Lokhu reserve yesimanje amasu uyakwazi yokuxazulula le nkinga cishe nomaphi emhlabeni ... Umsuka imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza Ukhumula wadala ngo-1914 ngu-esinqumweni uNicholas II isigaba ndiza, "Ilya Muromets". Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, bandisa we uxhumano Kuye kwenziwa nokuhlasela 400.

Ngo-September 1917 e-Winery, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa wayemi isigaba ayesesha esondela eduze kwaleli amabutho aseJalimane. Ukuze ubuchwepheshe hhayi efika isitha, ishashalazi lezindiza zempi nge izindiza zishiswe. Vuselelani indiza ezikude Russian ekuqaleni nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa emva Okthoba Revolution. Mashi 22, 1918 esinqumweni CPC kwamiswa Northern Iqembu "Muromets Ilya", ehlanganisa imishini 3.

A esigabeni esisha ekuthuthukiseni yesikhathi zezindiza e laseRussia aqala ngemva ukuthuthukiswa umklami Tupolev TB-3 izindiza. Njengoba le mishini akhiqizwa ezinkulu eziningi, eRussia sekungenzeka kumiswa (ngo-1933) wokuqala esindayo webhomu emoyeni amabutho. Ngo-1938,, base benziwe ezintathu ibutho zezindiza msebenzi. Phakathi nempi, emoyeni nabasebenza kuzo wathatha ingxenye yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile iRed Army.

Ngokusemthethweni, iminyakazo emide zezindiza BC sidalwe ngomhlaka- kumila 18th Air Force ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili ngo-1946 entsha eqa qualitative ekuthuthukisweni yayo kuye kwahlotshaniswa ukwamukelwa yi Tu-16, Tu-95 futhi ZM. Machines Tu-22MZ, Tu-95MS, kanye Tu-160 eyohlala zezindiza kule lakhulisiwe 80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Zonke lezi imishini bebehlome nge ezicitshwayo uyakwazi ukushaya amatshe zonke izingxenye zomhlaba.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kuyo yonke le minyaka base kwakukhona ambalwa uyakufanelekela ukuphathwa akuyona izenzakalo ngempela abavamile. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2003, Engels airfield rose Tu-160, okuyinto unqume ukuphatha ngokwalo, uNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela Sergei Ivanov. Abanye abashayeli bezindiza ukholelwa ukuthi ukuba khona kwabo esihlalweni umshayeli sika, wadala usongo ezithile ukuphepha kwendiza.

Ngo-August 2016 "ukuhamba" indiza "White Swan" wenza Putin. Ngalesi sikhathi crew ukwenza imisebenzi efana kwethulwa cruise kweminsalo, refueling uphinde uphume ngesivinini leSupersonic.

Ngo-2005, ngasesinqeni benziwa ukudutshulwa documentary "White Swan". Leteyipu ekutshela ngekusasa nzima imishini Tu-160. Ngo-2008, kwakunabamemezeli ukuqopha ezinye iziqephu ifilimu "lwesikhombisa ukushintsha Yiqiniso."

Izingozi Izinhlekelele

Yiqiniso, njengoba kunoma iyiphi enye base on Engels ngoba sonke isikhathi ukhona, ukuthi akubanga ngaphandle izingozi. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ehlobo lika-1955 ngesikhathi ukusuka is iqhume yaphahlazeka webhomu M-4. Zonke izisebenzi eziyisishiyagalombili abulawa. Uqinisile ngemva konyaka kamuva, kwakukhona nhlekelele efanayo. M-4 wawa ngesikhathi ukusuka. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu 6 wafa.

Okulandelayo le ngozi yenzeke ngo-1975. Bomber 3M abakhukhumele iqhume endaweni engamamitha 5000 amamitha. zezisebenzi 6 abulawa. Enye 3M iphahlazeka ehlobo 1984 Esikhathini Umqansa mode, izindiza injini yalo ivuthe umlilo. Ngalesi sikhathi, base emoyeni ilahlekelwe abantu 5. Entwasahlobo ka-1992 ku-k. Oktyabrskaya, esempumalanga nje Saratov, izindiza ezimbili zishayisene 3ms-II. Omunye imishini waphula emoyeni. Abashayeli wakwazi ukukhipha yesibili refueling emathangini avuzayo. bonke abantu abasemkhunjini bafela indiza wekucala, wesibili - kuphela ukaputeni, ngubani akusebenzanga ukwehlukana kwesitulo.

Le ngozi zakamuva zenzeke ngesisekelo ekwindla ka-2003. Tu-160 "Mikhail Gromov," iphahlazeka ku km 40-kusukela Saratov. Imbangela yengozi umlilo ebhodini. Zonke izisebenzi bashone kule ngozi.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yesikhathi zezindiza

Ensimini ka namuhla noma ubani angaba nokuhlola izindiza, amabhomu, cruise ezicitshwayo nokunye. D. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthenga ithikithi Museum of yesikhathi eside zezindiza. Uhlele lo mbukiso waba ngo-2000 ngesikhathi isinyathelo iyunithi nomyali. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukugeleza elikhulu inani esetshenziselwa yethu ubuchwepheshe. Kwakuyisikhathi isihawu baphonse. Ngakho-ke, uphikisana ukuphathwa, wafika isinqumo ukuhlela embukisweni. Lilodwa izindiza Museum umbukiso kuhlanganisa 14 izingcezu namuhla. Ukubheka wabo ukuthenga uhambo emzini Engels in ruble angu-600. Ngaphezu ilukuluku evamile, emnyuziyamu Sivamile ukwehlelwa kanye amathimba lwebutho emhlabeni wonke.

Lo mbukiso enhle kakhulu show, ngokuvumelana izivakashi eziningi ngamaloli indiza ZMS-2. Lo mshini uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi lasebukhosini ngenxa yobukhulu balo esikhulu kakhulu. Eceleni ukuthi izindiza kuwufanele Tsar Bomb - nangomcibisholo cruise esasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuletha sezikhali zenuzi. Zonke izimoto zempi Museum zitholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi lwale strip ukhonkolo. Ngakolunye ibekwe ukuqeqeshwa ezokuthutha izindiza. Lapho beqeda uhambo, abahlanganyeli nethuba isithombe ku cab umshini AN-2. Entwasahlobo ka-1960 lokhu ukwakheka izindiza kuzuba Cosmonauts esizayo, kuhlanganise Yuri Gagarin.