Everyday Magic: vanilla izimbali ezimpilweni zethu

vanilla iphunga uhlanganyela nathi konke ukuphila kwethu, kusukela ebuntwaneni siyikhumbule iphunga okumnandi vanilla amabhisikidi, intsha sizihlanganisa ngamakha intombi noma Iphunga akho owathandayo. Imfudumalo induduzo luvela ngamunye izinkumbulo! Akunjalo kudala, ososayensi bathola ukuthi iphunga ukuthi exudes vanilla izimbali futhi iphunga eqinile lisuselwa izithelo zalesi sitshalo, ekusiza futhi aduduzayo ohlelweni womuntu sezinzwa. Lapho isintu okwakwaziwa ngalesi simila, okuyinto lukhula imbali futhi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ke? Lesi sihloko izozama ukunitshela ngaloNkulunkulu imbali njengendlela orchid vanilla, isithombe okuyinto abekwe ngezansi, kanye ukuphendula yonke imibuzo.

Umlando omncane

Vanilla okwazalelwa kuyinto eMelika Ephakathi, lapho kwathiwa yaziswa kakhulu bendawo - Aztec, ababevame ukwenza ngcono isimo palatability isiphuzo engcwele - sibonelo we ushokoledi yesimanje.

I-European lokuqala ukunambitha flavour zamakha, kwaba Hristofor Kolumb, ngubani aphathwe ushokoledi baphuze umbusi wendawo. Lokho Columbus alethwe vanilla eYurophu, lapho ukunambitheka kwako obucayi walinganiswa lokuqala emazweni anjenge Spain, Austria nase-Italy. AbaseSpain, ebathandile iphunga vanilla abayithole ngokuthengisa insimu ka pods inzuzo ukuthatha ezizweni Mexican iningi inkokhiso isithelo, kwakheka emva fade of vanilla imbali. Engaphezu kwengamashumi amathathu amakhulu eminyaka umbuso Spanish kwaba ongenisa yedwa kanye nomdayisi of vanilla Elidala Umhlaba. Ngenxa zibiza nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ekuletheni kwamanye amazwe wahlangana nale spice ngemva kwesikhashana. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwawo-XVII ngekhulu, vanilla waqala ukungezwa izimpahla wabhaka, kanye enongiwe ukubhema Izingxube yayo ngoba amapayipi kanye utshwala.

izici Botanical

Vanilla, ngokunembile - vanilla orchid - kuphela omele omkhaya orchid (Orchidaceae), izithelo, okuyinto ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa indoda. I-Sub-zama-lesi sitshalo, zimila ezindaweni ezishisayo kokubili ama- zomhlaba, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-100. Ukuze vanilla Simila ngendlela yezomnotho kuzo zonke izigaba ezintathu:

• planifolia;
• pompona;
• tahitensis.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana ngamunye wabo uzokutshela kamuva.

Zonke vanilla - ukuhlala uthokomale ufunde imivini, okuyinto ezimweni zemvelo ongafinyelela 40 amamitha. Emvelweni, zingabantu yisinanakazana ku izihlahla ukhokho futhi emasimini kokuba ufake izinto zasesiteji ezikhethekile noma atshalwe eduze kwabo dracaena izihlahla abahlupheki kusuka endaweni enjalo. Vanilla imivini zikhule ngokushesha ngempela, ukukhula enyangeni edlule ongafinyelela kuze imitha. Kusukela herbaceous Isiqu vanilla ukwakha ngesikhathi ukukhula izimpande sebuningini emoyeni, ekusizeni abambelele aqinise isitshalo futhi zigcinwe kuleso izihlahla. Amaqabunga lokhu orchid esinamanzi, okusaqanda-lanceolate.

Elikhulu futhi kumnandi ukunuka vanilla izimbali, izithombe zazo kungabonwa ngezansi, eqoqwe ibhulashi futhi ababethi umbala ophuzi. Perianth liqukethe amacembe eziyisithupha, enye yazo is iphuma ibe tube futhi yakha "udebe", okuyizinto pistil ezifihliwe futhi stamen kuphela. Okufanayo imbali isakhiwo kwenza kube nzima yokuthuthwa kwempova, okuyinto okuthwala uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lezinyosi zendawo hummingbird.

Vanilla blooms ngomnyaka wesithathu zokuphila kwakhe, nge imbali ngayinye uhlala olulodwa kuphela. Esibelethweni, akha izimbali impova of vanilla, ukuthuthukisa eside kakhulu: kusuka 7 izinyanga 9 - futhi yakha ewumngcingo side cylindrical izithelo ubude 10 - 30 cm ngaphakathi ezinsundu-gumbi ibhokisi ugcwele nsundu-black seeds encane .. Lezi zitshalo ukukhiqiza izithelo isikhathi eside, iminyaka engu-20 kuya ku-50.

izinhlobo

Ehunyushiwe ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin olimini Russian kusho Vanilla "Pod", futhi namuhla ezintathu izinhlobo izitshalo etshalwa izinongo eziningi ozithandayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimbali vanilla atholakala eMelika Ephakathi, baba okhokho baso zonke izinhlobo esetshenziswa namuhla.

vanilla planifolia

Ngakho, ezivamile futhi kuletha Iphunga Vanilla planifolia ezinamandla kakhulu futhi amnandi ikhula eMelika Ephakathi, Indonesia, eCaribbean futhi Madagascar. Izimbali kwalesi silwane ine Iphunga okukhulu futhi usentekenteke, impova eyayenziwe. Izithelo zalesi sitshalo Bavunwa ngesandla, it is kabanzi ukupheka kanye izimonyo.

vanilla pompom

ezivamile Ngaphansi futhi elimnandi yiyona okuthiwa Antilles vanilla - Vanilla pompona, isikhule eMexico Panama, kanye nezinye emazweni eMelika Ephakathi. Lolu hlobo isetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi ngesimo ezikhishwe embonini yezokudla.

vanilla lesiTahiti

Olunye uhlobo lwezimbali, ogama izithelo asetshenziswa ukupheka, etholwe ngenxa yokweqa Vanilla planifolia futhi pompona lesiTahiti vanilla - Vanilla tahitensis JWMoore. Khulisa zalesi sitshalo iziqhingi zaseFrench Polynesia, kanye namanye ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-Pacific Ocean. Imiqumbe yalolu hlobo aqukethe isamba ezincane vanillin, kodwa iningi ezinye izingxenye ukunambitheka - heliotropine. Vanilla Ngenxa tahitensis it has a iphunga esithambile futhi usentekenteke nge predominance izithelo namanothi ezimibalabala. Ngaphezu isicelo Culinary, zezimbali ezinhle ezinephunga elimnandi sikhule tahitensis vanilla isithokela futhi umhlobiso ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Lapho ikhula kanjani?

Uma Vanilla yasekuqaleni ikhula kuphela ezingxenyeni ezithile eMelika Ephakathi, kodwa namuhla kwanda emazweni amaningi emvula. Ukuze ukukhula evamile nokuthuthuka zalesi sitshalo udinga kunomswakama futhi kuyashisa. Ngakho izitshalo kudinga lokushisa akukho ephakeme kuka-30 ⁰ C hhayi ngaphansana 15 ⁰ C no nomswakama oyifunayo labangaba ngu-80%. Zonke izinhlobo vanilla ngempela afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye nhlabathi: kumele kube friable futhi ocebile ekubeni nezinto eziphilayo, ezinhle emoyeni permeability namanzi.

Namuhla, i-vanilla kutshalwa emazweni amaningi kule ndawo kusukela degrees 10 kuya ku-20 kusukela yenkabazwe: eMexico, Brazil, Paraguay, i-United States, i-Afrika aseNtshonalanga kanye iziqhingi zaseFrench Polynesia.