Gear okusalungiswa: injongo nezinhlobo

Njalo umuntu ejwayelene nomqondo ukwehla - kungabonwa ngokuphelele zonke izici zokuphila, ikakhulukazi kwezobunjiniyela. Ukwehla kwentengo - kuyinqubo evumela ukuba ukwazi ukumunca, ukuba abuyisele ingxenye umthelela ezilethwa semzimbeni owodwa noma amandla phezu komunye umzimba. Lomgomo isetshenziswa kabanzi: kusukela ukunciphisa umthelela traffic imoto ngaphambi ikhumbula ukuwohloka idabukile ibhizinisi.

Nokho, kulesi sihloko asikhulumi ezimayelana ukwehla, futhi izinto ezifana gear okusalungiswa. Uma iningi labantu wezwa ngalokho okwenzeka ku-shock absorbers, lapha zinsizakuphila kwabaningi kungase kube eseyintsha. Iqiniso lokuthi igiya okusalungiswa - yidivayisi ezikhethekile kakhulu, okuyinto avame ukusetshenziswa ku izitimela. Kulomkhakha, leli washi kubalulekile kakhulu, ifakiwe kuzo zonke izimoto, kodwa ingahluka ukumuncwa izinhlobo. Yilokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni. Yiziphi izinhlobo amadivaysi futhi ngaziphi izinjongo angasetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezahlukene?

Kuyini lokhu?

Into yokuqala ukuqonda ukuthi okusalungiswa igiya okunjalo futhi okuyiwona abawusebenzisayo. Ngakho, idivayisi senzelwe ukuze asule noma ukuncela (ngakho-ke libizwa) ingxenye kinetic nomthelela namandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuchayeka amabutho ahlukahlukene kuhlanganise ukungezwani futhi kokucindezelwa, isimo imoto lapho efakwe. Kanjani igiya okusalungiswa? Ngaphakathi idivayisi kukhona ukumelana, oguqula amandla kinetic kwesinye amabutho ungawoni imoto. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona leli thuluzi emotweni - akulona udaba lokuzikhethela, njengoba imfuneko, ngaphandle kwalokho amabutho ezinomthelela kungasilimaza kakhulu nokubunjwa, okuyinto Kwakuyohlanganisani nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngokuqondene izinhlobo apharathasi iyavuleka, zazo zikhona ngempela inani elikhulu, kodwa akuwona wonke kugcwele umhlaba wonke. Lesi sihloko sizosisiza ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe izinhlobo ezinkulu nemiphumela yabo, kanye ehlaselwe izinhlobo esingaphansi ethandwa kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.

Ukwenqabela iziphethu

amadivaysi Manje ezivamile ezifana, isibonelo, zidla umshini RT-120, kodwa akasebenzisi isiphethu njengoba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni. I-apharathasi has ezibekiweko ezilandelayo:

• lwedivayisi: ukuhilizisana.
• unhlangothi enkulu yama amamilimitha angu-120.
• Umkhawulo amandla ukusetshenziswa 90 kJ.
• Impilo yesevisi (ukulungisa): iminyaka engu-16.
• Inani ukuphila service: iminyaka engu-32.

Ekuqaleni, alamathuluzi ayemakhulu entwasahlobo kuphela, kodwa ekugcineni kwathathelwa indawo kuyasiza futhi elula, kodwa futhi kudivayisi okuningi tekusebentisa kahle. Kwakukhona nezinkinga ezimbalwa, futhi owokuqala sazo sasingamashumi kakhulu ukufinyela iziphethu. Okusho ukuthi esikuthola kahle energy kinetic, kodwa wamnika njengoba kulinganiswe bubuhle bawo cishe okuningi. Okwesibili, ukuze usebenze kahle izimoto, kwakudingekile esebumba mkhiqizo mikhulu, kungenziwa ke wathi okukhulu kakhulu, ngakho bayalahlwa. Okuphansi amandla ukusetshenziswa yayibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba namanye amadivayisi kungenzeka senze okufanayo ngempumelelo kuka entwasahlobo, kodwa compact okuningi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi okwamanje asetshenziswa izimoto, amadivayisi njenge idivayisi eheha ingqondo PT-120, futhi entwasahlobo onobuhle zisetshenziselwa kuphela kumadivayisi sesikhashana.

amadivaysi Spring-friction

Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi amadivayisi spring hhayi ejwayele nhlobo endaweni eyodwa akusho ukuthi amalungiselelo enjalo ayisasetshenziswa kulo mkhakha. Bamane kwakungafanele ephumelela kakhulu, ngakho zadalwa amadivayisi entwasahlobo-friction ukuthi athwale umphumela eyinhloko ukungqubuzana ukunyakaza, kuyilapho iziphethu kuphela umsebenzi owengeziwe, okungukuthi, zingabantu kuphela obangela angasetshenziswa, kunokuba energy kinetic. Ake sihlole lokhu kusebenza kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, okusalungiswa igiya ubudala eqala energy kinetic okuyinto ikhiqizwa ukushayisana ka namakalishi ezimbili. Ukuze uqale ukuhlonza Ukucaciswa zedivayisi:

• iyunithi isisindo: bengekho ngaphezu kwama-165 kilograms.
• Constructive Yiqiniso iyunithi: 90 kwangu.
• Amandla ukushuba okuzisholo 110 kJ.
• Amandla okuzamazama esiphezulu 130 kJ.
• Amandla kokuqina kokuqala: 230 kN.
• Ukuvala amandla static: 1600 kN.
• Inani ukuphila service: iminyaka engu-32.
• Impilo insizakalo ngaphambi kulungiswe: iminyaka engu-16.

Ngemva kokuziphatha umthelela okukhipha akuzange kuzwakale kushaqisa amandla ngokwethaba eziphethwini kanye kinetic ngomshikisho amandla (ie ngomshikisho) futhi amandla bezikhali ukusonteka entwasahlobo. Lo mphumela kwaba ngaphezu egculisayo ukwehla kwentengo izimoto, ngakho zinsizakuphila kabanzi.

Manje yonke indawo unga ahlangabezane eheha ingqondo apharathasi 73ZW nezinye onobuhle efanayo. izici Technical zedivayisi zimi kanje:

• iyunithi isisindo: 214 kg.
• Constructive Yiqiniso iyunithi: 90 mm.
• Amazinga umkhawulo yokusebenza + 50 ° C kuya -60 ° C.
• Ubukhulu: obuphelele - 625 mm Ububanzi - 318 mm, ubude - 230 mm.
• Amandla kokuqala kokuqina torque engu: 200 kN.
• Amandla kuvalwe iyunithi: 1600 kN.

Izinzuzo amadivayisi entwasahlobo-friction

amadivaysi Spring-friction efakwe izimoto isikhathi eside futhi uwasebenzise kuze kube yilolu suku. Ezinye izinhlobo amadivayisi khona, kodwa lolu hlobo ingenye ezivame kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, ukwenza izinto zibe lula. Okwesibili, ukufakwa singesithakazelisa amadivayisi yalolu hlobo ulula futhi inqubo elula. Ubukhulu yabo mancane kakhulu kunalawo amadivaysi entwasahlobo, ngakho iyavuleka amadivayisi izinqola kulula ukufaka futhi akavumi ukuba ubunzima ekugcinweni esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Yiqiniso, variability kanye nomklamo eziyisisekelo lezi amadivaysi kuphawulwe.

imishini wokubacindezela

Amakilasi iyavuleka amadivayisi zahlukahlukene kakhulu, futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona enye indlela ethandwa kakhulu. amadivaysi umfutholuketshezi esithombeni yezenzo kuhluke kakhulu kusukela entwasahlobo-friction, njengoba bamukela ngesisekelo uketshezi enikeza cushioning esiphezulu. Idivayisi ine orifice ulinganiswe ngokufanele. Uhamba kangakanani kugeleze kudlula oketshezini Damping. Lezi ukuvuleka ukuxhuma ndawonye izimbotshana ezimbili zazo zigcwele ngokusebenzisa lezi ngokusebenzisa-amavesi, kuye ngokuthi umthwalo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakha ukumelana iyunifomu nokunwebeka, elisebenza ngempumelelo ngisho ngesikhathi impela Punch enamandla.

Ekuqaleni, kube nenkinga eyodwa encane, okuyinto kwaba ukuthi uketshezi ayinakugqashulwa ngokushesha ubuyele endaweni yalo, ngakho leli thuluzi kwaholela punches uphuthelwe, okungukuthi, ukuba lezo zikhathi lapho ketshezi egumbini elilodwa akazange abe nesikhathi agelezele nezinye ukukwehlisela shaking imoto . Yingakho nge ngesikhathi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele ukumelana nokunwebeka kule imishini wokubacindezela waqala ukusebenzisa uhlelo igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali. Ukulungisa iyavuleka amadivayisi yalolu hlobo kancane nzima futhi kuyabiza, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo inqubo ngempumelelo futhi elula. Iyunithi kubhekwa engaphelele uma bekubona ukuvuza uketshezi, ashintshe inkambo noma bafake ngokweqile.

Kangakanani ukwehla ngo imishini wokubacindezela?

Uma sicabangela wokubacindezela eheha ingqondo iyunithi imoto, kuyafaneleka ukuyeka kabanzi isimiso ukusebenza kule divayisi. Angakanani amanzi ahamba kulo kungathambisa buhlungu? Impendulo yalo mbuzo inikezwa yi-physics, ngoba kwabantu futhi viscosity amanzi inikeza lokukhulula kanye kinetic nomthelela namandla ukumuncwa ukuthi kulahleka inqubo edabula ketshezi ngesikhathi ekunqobeni futhi baphokophelele ekamelweni eduze ngokusebenzisa Ukuvuleka ezikhethekile. Ngakho, eheha ingqondo kudivayisi coupler, imoto futhi yimuphi omunye isici kungaba hydraulically, ngoba wahlela nokuba akunzima kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali e Kulokhu into ozikhethela wena. Kodwa sibonga yalolu ketshezi ukumelana uketshezi luyanda izikhathi eziningana, kanye kuyashesha ukubuya esimweni saso sokuqala ekwenzeni lo mvimbo esilandelayo.

Amandla umfutho iyunithi

Uma sicabangela igiya okusalungiswa, omunye ipharamitha yayo ngowokuthi umfutho namandla, nokuthi-ke nawe kufanele sinake kwasekuqaleni. Lokhu ipharamitha limelela inani energy kinetic elikwaziyo ukuncela idivayisi ukuze uqedele izakhi zalo kokucindezelwa Damping, isb kuze kube isikhathi lapho idivayisi akakwazi ukuncela ukushaqeka ngaphezulu. Ngakho, elikhulu inombolo, ngcono. I iziphethu abe aphansi kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla, yingakho kungukuthi esetshenziswa izimoto ezinkulu, lapho amandla umthelela ngokushesha okukhulu licindezele entwasahlobo, edonsa amandla kancane kakhulu. Futhi banake yokuthi amadivayisi zidalwe ngendlela yokuthi energy kinetic akuyona egxile ngokuphelele - kufanele kube isilinganiso esifanele samandla ukuthi ungabuyela idivaysi isikhundla yayo sokuqala. Yingakho i igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali isetshenziswa imishini wokubacindezela njengoba sibonga edingekayo kuye hhayi amandla amakhulu kangangokuthi kinetic kulolu ketshezi ukuze ubuyele isikhundla ukuqala.

Okunye izinhlobo amadivayisi

kukhona izinhlobo ngenhla echazwe singesithakazelisa amadivayisi Akuwona kuphela - zazo kunabaningi, kodwa, njengoba okushiwo ekuqaleni, uzobe kuchazwe khona kuphela ethandwa kakhulu. Ngakho, qiniseka ukuthi kuyafaneleka Elastomeric okusalungiswa igiya, okuyinto Ubuye udumo okusezingeni eliphezulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise lapho efakwe kule izimoto. Lolu hlobo cishe ncamashi replicates kudalulwe imishini wokubacindezela, kodwa umehluko omkhulu wukuthi esikhundleni amanzi avamile, okuyinto throttled ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ulinganiswe kulezi kumadivayisi wasebenzisa uketshezi ekhethekile Elastomeric nge viscosity kakhulu kunalokhu, okwandisa bamandla alo ukusetshenziswa, kodwa ngaleso NZIMA efanayo sezinkonzo ezihlukahlukene kanye kwandisa izindleko. Futhi akunakugwenywa namadivayisi ngomshikisho ezibhekwa amadivayisi izakhi nokunwebeka. Bona kinetic zokuncishiswa kwamandla kwenzeka ngenxa ukusonteka izici ngenxa friction yabo. Nge uhlobo enjalo surface osukufundile, lapho ufunda mayelana idivayisi ezifana amadivaysi entwasahlobo-friction.

imishini kuhlanganiswe

Kufanele futhi sikhulume mayelana amadivayisi kuhlangene, isibonelo omunye okuyinto cishe owande kakhulu - entwasahlobo-friction. Kalula nje, ukuze amadivayisi kuhlanganiswe yilezo ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene kwentengo. Kulokhu, entwasahlobo nokungqubuzana hlobo. Inhlanganisela Ngakho nhlobonhlobo. Njengoba kuboniswe kulesi sihloko, inhlanganisela umthelela imithombo izakhi ngomshikisho wanika ezingaphezu kuka omuhle. Kuyinto lolu hlobo elihlangene izimoto iyona edume kunazo zonke. Kule ndawo yomsebenzi kuvunyelwe, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zayo yokuxuba ezimbili izinhlobo iyavuleka kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Isibonelo elula inhlanganisela elastomer futhi wokubacindezela amadivayisi ngoba zakhiwa efanayo futhi kuhluke kuphela ngokuyisisekelo okusamanzi okungaphathwa isetshenziswa enkonzweni yabo.

Kukhethwa imoto

Yini okudingeka ukhetha idivaysi sifinyelele lo mgomo? Okokuqala, ukunakwa ukhangwa ipharamitha eyinhloko amadivayisi iyavuleka - amandla abo ukusetshenziswa. Kwenza akukho mqondo ukufaka umshini amandla phezulu izimoto noma ezinye izinto ongaphakeme amandla kinetic we buhlungu, njengoba sizoba izindleko ezinkulu ngaphandle ngcono ukusebenza. Futhi, noma kunjalo ayikwazi ukubeka amadivayisi nge low power ukusetshenziswa tintfo ukuthi babhekana nezimo ezethusayo ezinzima, ngoba amandla umshini imane akumelwe lingabi nawo ku ukumuncwa inani wayefisa amandla, futhi iziteleka uzothola kunamanje kwamukelekile ngokuhambisana kwezinkambiso aqine.

Yiqiniso, zikhona nezinye izinketho ukuthi bayakufanelekela ukunaka, ezifana ukuzinza, okungukuthi, inani ngempumelelo ukuncela uthuthumele maqondana inani lawo noma ukubaluleka amandla itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka aphumayo, okuyinto ngokugcwele yehliswa iyavuleka idivayisi iphinde alisetshenziswa Ngokuzayo ukubuyela yokuqala yalo isikhundla. Lezi nemingcele ezibhekwa ngamunye umbhidlango ngamunye kuyovunyelwana ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlobo oluthile okusalungiswa igiya ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho nezimfuneko.