Helicopter "Robinson": izici, izithombe, isivinini. Flying in a indiza "Robinson"

umshayeli ezingavamile, once in a eside traffic jam, hhayi bakhononda ngokuthi imoto yakhe ayinakho ikhono suka futhi fly phezu kukakhokho. overabundance ecasulayo Ikakhulukazi zokuthutha kule icala uma isikhathi kunenzuzo kakhulu kunemali. Lesi simo kwenzeka abantu ukulawula eningi okuyiwona kokuba isikhathi somhlangano ibhizinisi ungavula ku ukulahlekelwa omkhulu. Njengomthetho, izimoto osomabhizinisi yimpumelelo ukuthenga eqolo. Bese sithola isixazululo. Helicopter "Robinson" ku izindleko zayo kahle ngaphakathi kobubanzi intengo yesigungu imoto ekilasini ukuze bathole induduzo akuyona kunabayeni "Cadillac," futhi uyazi akukho izinkinga traffic.

design

Aircraft ukusetshenziswa siqu eNtshonalanga avele kudala, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba babe itholakala kuphela abantu abacebile kakhulu. Eighties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, US ngokuqinile Robinson helicopter babamba ngokombono ezincane zezindiza emakethe yangasese futhi sesiqala ukwakha indiza imodeli ezingakwenza uphuphume niche umthengi esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Eqinisweni, obekumele ube "imoto flying", okuyinto, ngaphezu umshayeli, engalingana abagibeli abathathu noma abane imithwalo. EMelika, abantu ngokuvamile zihamba ezimotweni zabo, zokunqoba amabanga afika ku izinkulungwane amakhilomitha, futhi buqamama enjalo ibalwa "Robinson". Endizeni, ngaphezu nalezi zimfuneko, ngokuvumelana ngamademoni kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile: iphatheke kalula nokufunda ukuzanywa, ukonga petrol, ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukugcinwa lula, ukuthembeka, zokuphepha nenduduzo. Athobele yonke le mibandela emotweni efanayo - akuwona umsebenzi olula, futhi ehhovisi Umklamo inkampani kwakumelwe bazikhandle. Kwathatha cishe eyishumi ukuthuthukisa endizeni. Ngo-1990, ibhanoyi "Robinson" imodeli kuqala R44 ngokuvamile sesilungile Eminyakeni embalwa liye eqinisekisiwe futhi iye kwetfulwa emakethe lincane nezinye izindiza.

umklamo Izici

Isifaniso nge imoto efika engqondweni ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlangana idatha izindiza ukusebenza indiza. Helicopter "Robinson" ukala nje phezu ton nophethiloli, umshayeli, abagibeli kanye imithwalo yabo ebhayisikilini. Lokhu kuhambelana cishe isisindo ukulayishwa "Zhiguley". I ukukhwezelwa amathangi 185 amalitha ibekwe, okuyinto kwanele amahora amathathu noma amane nesigamu noma 650 amakhilomitha indiza. Nokho, labo ekuphileni ukubhekana esebenzisa izindiza ezincane, ukwazi ukuthi undizele endaweni yakho akwanele, kumelwe futhi bakwazi ukuyohlala khona. Futhi lokhu kudinga airfield (uma indiza lwenzeka indiza) noma iplatifomu efanelekayo (indiza). I ububanzi Rotor "Robinson" kuyinto kancane ezingaphezu kuka amamitha ayishumi, izinhlangothi Imininingwane jikelele - 11,75 m, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi kulula ukubeka kunoma iyiphi indiza, igudle ubude, idinga ezinye isitokwe ngaphezulu. Nokho, izimo ezingaqinisekile wokutshala nezidingo kulo mshini kuyinto kulula ngangokunokwenzeka ngenxa esinye isici design - screw kuphezulu, amamitha angaphezu kwamathathu ngaphezu komhlabathi, futhi okungenzeka ukubamba kwabanye isithiyo amancane kubo. Ngamanye amazwi, ibhanoyi "Robinson" endaweni walungisa ngokukhethekile kokwehla indawo ayidingeki.

izimfihlo powerplant

Umshini yakhiwa ngokuvumelana isikimu classical nomunye yenethiwekhi nokukodwa eziqondisa bendiza (uhlawula) nesikulufu ngokufanele ugongolo. Sokuphehla amandla itholakala ngemuva ngaphambili futhi ubandakanya motor ne igiya. uthayiphe imoto, kuye ngokuthi inguqulo, kungase kube 540 noma IO-O-540 Lycoming - ezimweni zombili, amandla amaningi idlula 260 amahhashi; inani amasilinda - eziyisithupha. Esikhathini gumbi endizeni kuyinto kuqhathaniswa ethule. Imfihlo ongaphakeme umsindo ezingeni, ukuphila service ubude kanye nokwethenjelwa eliphezulu sokuphehla amandla siqukethe komsebenzi, okusho ukuthi headroom amandla. Isebenza "isigamu-heartedly", ngaphandle wafifiyela, okuyinto kanye nokusetshenziswa ezithakazelisayo materials (kuhlanganise esiyinhlanganisela), ukuqinisekisa umsindo ongaphakeme, futhi kanye lenyuka bafake ukumelana, kuholela imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

ukuphathwa

Bambalwa ezinophephela emhlane, esilalelayo umshayeli ngokuthi "Robinson". Endizeni yakhelwe umshayeli olulodwa, kodwa, uma kunesidingo, ohlezi kuya kwesokudla umgibeli kungathatha phezu ukuzanywa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukuze ujike Isumpa elingaphansi kokulawula (Yiqiniso eyindilinga) ehlangothini lwawo bese usebenzisa yabo iphimbo ukulungiswa isigwedlo futhi gala, okuyinto ishiywa ifakwe kokubili izihlalo eziphambili. Akuwona wonke indiza ephansi tonnage ifakwe isilawuli ezimbili-umsebenzi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ukwenza ngcono ukuphepha, futhi ukuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza, ngokuvamile abanikazi izimoto.

indiza ukusebenza

Ngamunye izindiza Kulinganiselwa ngochwepheshe sebuningini nemingcele inhloso kulinganiswa izibalo. Ngakho, ikhono usebenze umshini e zindawo enyakatho noma ezishisayo usetha uhla lokushisa lapho indiza iphephile. Sibheka isampuli lobuchwepheshe ke ubanzi - kusuka -30 ° C kuya + 40 ° C, kusukela esingakwazi ngokuthini kungenzeka umsebenzi wakhe cishe lonke ensimini yaseRussia. Cruise (ngamanye amazwi, evamile yokusebenza) ngesivinini endizeni "Robinson" cishe elilingana 110 ngehora (amayunithi yokutholwa e-United States) noma kwethu 177 km / h, kodwa angase afinyelele 190 e afterburner. Uma sicabangela straightness ka trajectory, izinzuzo air zokuthutha sobala. engamamitha Maximum ngokuthi aviators ophahleni, ifinyelela 4250 amamitha, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba ngezansi, kwesinye nengxenye ayizinkulungwane, enikezwe ukonga kakhulu petrol indiza "Robinson". Izimpawu zincike imodeli kanye nezinga lokuphila inkonzo isizukulwane.

ukulungiswa

Robinson inkampani helicopter ngokuya ukukhiqizwa kunzima ukuqhathanisa "imikhomo" enjalo American izindiza umkhakha ngokuthi "Boeing", "Sikorsky" noma "Mcdonnell Douglas". Impumelelo kwezentengiselwano inkampani kufinyelelwa esinda okuchaza emakethe ingxenye ndiza encane. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi imikhiqizo yayo enzelwe kuphela kumakhasimende yangasese, kuyakushiswa ukuthola kanye ejensi kahulumeni (isib, amaphoyisa), hhayi nje American. Ukuze sikwazi ukufinyelela umthengi elikhulu bohlu izinguqulo eziyisikhombisa "Robinson" ezinophephela emhlane:

- "Astro" - inikwa amandla yi-O-540.

- "Raven" - imodeli yentengiso injini kwagcizelela O-540-F1B5 phezu isihlibhi metal ezingamelana nezinselele ukufika ezindaweni okunzima ngokukhethekile.

- "Clipper" - iflothi version (gidrovertolet).

- "Raven II» - Injection injini has IO-540-AE1A5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindwani bendiza zenziwa ebanzi. Futhi enwetshiwe navigation amakhono evumela indiza nge-limited noma i-zero ukubonakala.

- "Clipper II» - okufanayo "Raven II» e gidrovariante.

- "Awu-Efe Ar-Trainer" - njengoba leli gama lisikisela, imodeli ezemfundo, ifakwe yonke impahla edingekayo.

- "Polis II» - imoto amaphoyisa, ayihlomele ngokufanele.

Induduzo nokuphepha

Flying in a indiza "Robinson" akuyona ihluke kakhulu kwethi uya imoto ezivamile ngendlela enhle. Izihlalo elula eyakhelwe ngaphansi umthwalo amabhokisi. Glazing futhi ajabule, futhi hhayi nje umshayeli (lo mbuzo inenani utilitarian ngaye: umbono ongcono, kuba lula ukuba baphumelele kulolu emkhathini), kodwa futhi abagibeli abakhuluphele bamane unesithakazelo.

Kepha ingozi ukuze aphule, ngokuqinisekile ukhona, kodwa kungenzeka kakhulu esingaphansi nini ezinye izindlela zezokuthutha ezihambayo. Ngisho injini ukuhluleka ngokuvamile kuholela nemiphumela ebuhlungu - isici hhayi kuphela "Robinson" (futhi kulula kakhulu), kodwa ngokuvamile zonke izindiza ezinophephela emhlane olungenza cababa kuqhathaniswa esithambile ngenxa ukujikeleza inertial Rotor (okuthiwa autorotation).

Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo izimoto uthole ezingozini ngenxa ukuqeqeshwa enganele bamabhanoyi, noma isevisi okungafanele.

yesibili emakethe

Intengo Factory e-US "Robinson R-44" kuwufanele mayelana $ 300 ayizinkulungwane. Uma sicabangela margin futhi zavunyelwa izindleko umthengisi, kungukungcola eRussia safinyelela ayizinkulungwane 450. izindleko ezinjalo okusezingeni eliphezulu lukhuthaza abanikazi ezingaba ngifuna izindlela zokonga imali ngokuthenga imishini ezidingekayo emakethe yesibili, lapho ungakwazi ukwenza ukuthenga, ukukhokha kusuka 270 kuya kwezingu-400 aseMelika. Kulaba ezinophephela emhlane eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ithengiswe ngaleyo ndlela, akusiyo okuhlukile kanye indiza "Robinson". Izithombe apharathasi ophakanyisiwe akanalo kungakhathaliseki, kubaluleke kakhulu kangakanani ukuqoqwa idatha ukuphila inkonzo amayunithi futhi engu jikelele. Isikhathi phakathi overhauls ayikwazi ukudlula amahora 2.200 (ngubani, ngenhlanhla akuyona ezishibhile -. Kuyodingeka bakhokhe mayelana $ 60 ayizinkulungwane). Iphinde kufanele sinake lonke isisetshenziswa ngayinye amayunithi, ikakhulukazi eqolo. Iqiniso lokuthi abenzi bezindiza emhlabeni inzuzo eziyisisekelo emhlabeni aniveli ukudayiswa imishini, futhi ngokuhlukile supply yayo izingxenye kanye okudlekayo.