KumiswaImfundo yesibili nezikole

Abantu kwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle Russia. Izibonelo eRussia nakwamanye amazwe ezizwe emhlabeni

Kulinganiselwa ehlukahlukene, uhlala izizwe 5000 ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Iningi lazo aziziningi. Uhlobo ungabahlukanisa hhayi kuphela ngenani abameleli, kodwa futhi ulimi.

labantu Afrika

isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa kwamaqembu ezinhlanga abahlala ensimini ka-Afrika. Kuqhathaniswa Black izwekazi abantu kwamanye amazwe akuzona ezihlukahlukene ngakho. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Nigeria inombolo ifinyelela 250. I ngobukhulu izizwe Nigerian - Hausa, isiYoruba, isi-Igbo.

Sekukonke, Afrika has bezizwe ezihlukahlukene ezingaba ngu-50. 24 lezi zizwe akhawunti cishe 86% abantu sebebonke Omnyama Izwekazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye namaqembu ezinhlanga ukukhuluma ngolimi lwabo. Arabic kuphela iyathinteka. Lokhu sikhulunywa cishe okwesihlanu Afrika.

Bebukholoni esidlule

Afrika yilona zwekazi muva okuyinto ikhiphe isinqumo izizwe kwamanye amazwe. Zamakoloni esiyitholayo kuyo yonke indawo. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka abanikazi bamakoloni European baphanga impahla zabantu bendawo, ukusizakala kwabo ukuze kuzuze bona. Ukuwa kwalesi simiso sezinto zaqala kuphela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II ezinsukwini. Inani labantu base-Black izwekazi - abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-250. Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu abantu kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni kuyenzeka fast kakhulu kwenani labantu.

Ukwahlukanisa izizwe Afrika

abantu Afrika zihlukaniswe ngezigaba esekelwe sokusebenzisana namalimi wemiphakathi. Inani elikhulu of izilimi Afrika zingahlanganiswa ngemacembu nokuzwelana emikhulu - imikhaya. Lo mndeni ulimi bayohlanganisa labo izilimi babe lwemisuka. Zonke kuleli zwekazi, kunamaqembu amaningi amakhulu namalimi wemiphakathi. Lokhu uBantu, i-Afro-Asiatic, Mande, Nilotic. Ngokwesibonelo, eNyakatho Afrika baphile abantu, ubani okukhuluma ngezilimi-Afro-Asiatic. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa Cushitic namaBerber iqeqebana. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi zwekazi eningizimu is uhlalwe abantu, ukuxhumana ngolimi iqembu Bantu.

Kuphela ekhulwini VII-XI. e-Afrika babe ama-Arabhu. Izizwe abahlala ensimini Sahara kanye Maghreb endulo, izazi-mlando zasendulo nabizelwa namaLubi. Ngaphambi ukunqoba Arab zensimu ngaphansi, noma bekhuluma ulimi leqembu namaBerber. Kufudukiwe lapha izizwe zama-Arabhu XI leminyaka ngokuthi Hilal futhi Sulaym iphazamiseke indlela yokuphila Berbers wendawo. AboMdabu base bamukela-Islam, waqala ukulima efana ama-Arabhu. Common baba ayimizulane. Akuvamile ukuba abantu kwamanye amazwe ziya kufakwe ngaleli zinga ukuthi ama-Arabhu kanye Berbers manje. Phakathi kwabo cishe akunakwenzeka udwebe umugqa ecacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ukuxuba amaqembu abantu bendabuko ezimbili okukhulu kakhulu ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka nesigamu.

Ngokuqhathanisa yobudala Slavic uhlanga kanye nezinye izizwe

Ngokwemibiko ethile, isimo Kievan Rus eyaphakama BC VI leminyaka. e. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isimo Slavic kwavela Umzila wezohwebo wasendulo ngokuthi "kusukela amaViking namaGreki" ngonyaka 862, lapho ubukhulu lwamakhosi abadumile Russian. Abantu abaningi bathanda ukuba zinde umlando yabo. Nokho, kukhona kwalabo 'yobudala "akuyona ungaqiniseki - eqinisweni, zingabantu emdala iqembu yobuhlanga Slavic. Abantu basendulo kwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle Russia - kuyinto Armenia, amaJuda, abase-Asiriya, Basques, koysantsy.

Armenia - Haik impucuko yinkosi

ethnos Armenia kubhekwa omncane kunabo bonke phakathi nezinye izizwe zasendulo. Nokho, umlando Armenia kakhulu nhlobo. Kuze kube sekupheleni XIX mlando ekhulwini wayekholelwa ukuthi isizwe Armenia has kwaqala esivela enkosini Ike, okuyinto umuntu embozwe-legends. Ike bokuqala banquma ukuba delimit imingcele isimo esisha eduze iNtaba i-Ararati. Ngikholwa ukuthi egameni inkosi ukuba Ike and self-Armenia - "okusezingeni eliphezulu".

Njengamanje, bamukela ubuyekezo oluhlukile umsuka Armenia. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi okhokho babo - izimpukane urumeytsy - ugcwale indawo yasendaweni XII leminyaka BC. e., ngisho nangaphambi isimo umHeti yasungulwa. Abantu kwamanye amazwe ngawo-Armenia wahlala komakhelwane - ke URARTU futhi Luvians. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umsuka wobuzwe Armenia kumele wafuna phakathi ubufakazi Hurrian umbuso, wazala igama Armagh-Shubiya.

amaJuda

AmaJuda basekhona abantu omunye ogama umlando uya emuva eminyakeni. Mysteries esikhathini esidlule amaJuda angenalo esingaphansi umlando Armenia. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umqondo welithi lesisizwe akuyona yobuhlanga, kodwa kunalokho zenkolo. Phakathi mpikiswano ososayensi abanolaka mayelana abayidayisi - omunye esontweni zenkolo, kusho uMnyango ungqimba nomphakathi, noma mhlawumbe i abantu abazimele. Ngokusho angumtfombo enkolweni yobuJuda - iTestamente Elidala - amaJuda angabantu inzalo ka-Abrahama, owayevela edolobheni yaseMesophothamiya Uri.

Ndawonye noyise, u-Abrahama wathutha 'ezweni wathembisa "- ezweni laseKhanani. Ngemva kwalokho, wathatha izwe zezizwe ohlala eduze, ngubani, ngokusho legend, babe inzalo kaNowa. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi abantu bamaJuda itholakala ngokuba sibuyele emuva BC II yeminyaka. e. - Ngaleso sikhathi, base benziwa iqembu ahlukene zezizwe zamaSemite. Abaseduze "izihlobo" yamaJuda ngolimi bayizizwe ezilitshumi yama-Amori, no-abaseFenike.

Nothayi banamuhla umsuka amaJuda

Esikhathini esingeside ngakho edlule, uvele ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa isayensi nombono omusha ku umsuka abantu bamaJuda. Ososayensi baye benza ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi amaqembu amathathu ezinkulu wesizwe samaJuda. Ashkenazi (abahlala Melika naseYurophu) ziye uphenyo, Mizrahim (abakhileyo emazweni aseMpumalanga Emaphakathi naseNyakatho Afrika) kanye Sephardim (ophilayo eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia). Kwavela ukuthi zonke lezi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga babe zofuzo ezifanayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa imvelaphi yabo emthonjeni ofanayo. Isiphetho edonswa ososayensi - okhokho amaJuda ekuqaleni wahlala laseMesophothamiya. Ukwahlukana kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNkosi uNebukhadinezari.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo amaJuda

ERussia nakwamanye amazwe ezizwe emhlabeni Ziningi engelona iqiniso ekhona ngale amaJuda. Omunye obujwayelekile incwadi yenkolo eyinhloko amaJuda ngeTestamente Elidala. Eqinisweni, incwadi engcwele ngabo - lena iTalmud. Inkolo yobuJuda inamagatsha eziningi - kuyinto isiqondiso Orthodox, ashisekela izinguquko, olandelanayo. Nokho, wonke amakholwa kufanele abe asetshenziswa njengoba incwadi eyinhloko iTalmud.

umsuka Jewish udumo Hristoforu Kolumbu. Lokhu kufakazelwa imibhalo eziningana. Sam Itilosi futhi likhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe okungokukaNkulunkulu abantu bamaJuda. Ukuze abantu kwamanye amazwe nenzalo abangafundela aluthatha ephindelela, Columbus igcinwe idayari navigation. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-imigqa yokuqala akhuluma ngomlando ukuxoshwa kwamaJuda kusukela ngo-Spain. Futhi, isignesha ngendlela intando Columbus abanye ososayensi bakholelwa wenza ngesiHebheru.

abantu-Asiriya

Yikuphi isekhona izizwe kwamanye amazwe lasendulo? Uhlu kuqhubeka Asiriya: lesi sizwe, mhlawumbe lasendulo baningi ngisho nangaphezu kwezinwele amaJuda. Bavele cishe IV-II yeminyaka BC AmaJuda kwakumelwe bavela kubantu West zamaSemite. Abase-Asiriya abangu abamele Semites enyakatho. abameleli Modern leqembu yobuhlanga-Asiriya bazibheke inzalo ka i ngempucuko yasendulo. Abanye ososayensi ungavumelani nalokhu umbono. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi amadlozi yase-Asiriya besimanje abayikho-Aramu.

isiShayina

Kunabantu kwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle eRussia, okuyinto zingafani ubudala, futhi isibalo nabameli babo. Omunye amaqembu abanjalo bangabaphostoli Chinese yobuhlanga. Bazibiza "abantu we Han." IsiShayina bakha mayelana 19% labantu emhlabeni Imininingwane. Ukuqala impucuko, kubhekwa Han V-III yeminyaka BC Imizana wokuqala ezakhiwa esigodini eMfuleni eliphuzi. Ukwakheka iqembu abomdabu baseChina ukuthi kakhulu kuthonywa izizwe kwamanye amazwe. Zibhaleni phansi ikakhulu siqukethe abamele uhlanga Mongoloid: i nabaseTibet Indonesia, Thais. Bonke sihluke kakhulu amasiko abo. Nokho, namuhla, amaShayina ziyizizukulwane zika ngqo impucuko enkulu ye Han.

Basques

I Basques bayisibonelo sabantu izizwe kwamanye amazwe ukuthi ezakho ulimi Indo-European imvelo. Izindawo Omkhulu lezizwe lwaluqala BC IV yeminyaka Manje iqembu izilimi Indo-European kukhona wokuxhumana cishe wonke baseYurophu. Ngaphandle kukhona Basques - imvelaphi yabo ayifani abantu kwamanye amazwe. Uhlu, ngaphezu eRussia kanye namazwe aseYurophu, ngawo abacwaningi beqhathanisa isizwe, njengoba Basques, kuyinto enkulu. Nokho, abacwaningi wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi Basques - abantu basendulo, esilulimi lwaso awahlobene yimiphi iqembu ulimi Indo-European. Kucatshangwa basuke iyibhulogi uhlanga ehlukile, eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 16 edlule, ngesikhathi Paleolithic.

Koysantsy

Kodwa Basques - hhayi zokugcina abantu basendulo nalamanye emave. Uhlu, ngaphandle Russia (noma, ngokunembile, izizwe Slavic), amaJuda, abase-Asiriya, isiShayina, Basque futhi kungenzeka kulekelelwa Khoisan. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi koysantsy uvele mayelana 100 thous. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Leli qembu yobuhlanga enkulu kungokwalabo abantu Afrika abakhuluma of engavamile 'ngokucindezela' izilimi. Ngu koysantsam kukhona kwabaThwa futhi Hottentots.

Abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi ngokuvamile le koysantsy lokuqala ahlukaniswe emthini ezivamile izizwe komyalelo wokungabi ayizinkulungwane 100. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ngamanye amazwi, kwenzeka ngaphambili Abantu bathoma ukwakha ne Black izwekazi embulungeni yonke. isizwe iminyaka eyinkulungwane 43 edlule koysantsev usebhekene nenguquko - bahlukene ngezizwe wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi. Ezinye izizwe Khoisan agcinwayo imvelaphi yabo. Okunye exutshwe engumakhelwane uBantu izizwe. ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi DNA koysantsev kubonisa ukuthi zihlukile kwezinye izizwe. Baye bathola izakhi zofuzo banesibopho a ukukhuthazela ngokomzimba okusezingeni eliphezulu, sengozini uma sithola ilanga.

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