I Holy Trinity Alexander saseNevsky Lavra: umlando, incazelo kanye amahora wokusebenza

Ngokungafani zezindela eziningi, okwenzeka unkom 'idlayodwa kwendawo Alexander saseNevsky Monastery yasungulwa abalandeli esontweni. Igama nezindawo ezingcwele elihlobene ne izenzakalo ezibalulekile emlandweni Russian. Ngo 1240 Grand Prince nomyali Alexander Yaroslavovich inqobe ezinkulu empini nge abaseSweden ku uMfula iNeva, ngoba lowo wabizwa saseNevsky. Kamuva abagcotshwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox njengoba ongumvikeli Russia.

Kuze kube yimanje, Holy Trinity Alexander saseNevsky Lavra, namahora okusebenza okuyinto ekahle kakhulu ukuvakashelwa, kuyinto endaweni ethandwa kakhulu izivakashi Russian nabezizwe.

izikhathi wokubusa uPetru mina sika

Isikhulu ekusungulweni usuku we Holy Trinity Alexander saseNevsky Lavra ubhekwa Mashi 25, 1713 - usuku babasa Isonto lokuqala sokhuni Annunciation. Ngokusho imithombo zomlando, umsunguli esigodlweni sezindela saseNevsky kwaba edumile uMbusi uPetru I. Nguye e 1702 wayala ukuba kwakhiwe ukuqala endaweni lapho eMfuleni Black (manje igama Monastyrka) agelezela iNeva. , Wengamela ukwakhiwa kanye ilungiselelo Archimandrite uTheodosius. Ukwakhela izakhiwo ezinkulu abathintekayo Domenico Trezzini - wezakhiwo Italian futhi unjiniyela. Ngokuzayo linikezwa Alexander iNeva umfire ukubonwa baliklasi lonkhe Ensemble kwezakhiwo itshe ngokufanele phakathi omnyama emfuleni iNeva. Incarnation Trezzini izinhlelo empilweni yaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ngaphandle izakhiwo eyinhloko yesigodlo, kwabonakala idolobha elincane elinabamemezeli izindlu, izingadi, ezitebeleni, isigayo, a smithy. Kukhona isikole isonto wavulwa, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uguqulwe ube sabefundisi, futhi kamuva esikoleni. I izinsalela Aleksandra Nevskogo abangu ngikweluleke adluliselwe kusukela Vladimir enhlokodolobha entsha Russia Septhemba 12, 1724 ngesinqumo somthetho Petra Velikogo. Lolu suku Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia kugujwa kuze kube manje. Umlawuli omkhulu waba ngumsizi wabaningi osanda kwenziwa dolobha Russian Nokho, omkhulu esiliva sarcophagus lathuthela phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet kuya Hermitage, lapho ekhona (ngaphandle izinsalela) namhlanje.

isikhathi synodal

Ngemva Domenico Trezzini, umakhi induna Ezakhiweni zesonto kwaba Ivan Starov, okuyinto kakhulu okushintshiwe kwalo yedwa, ukwandisa kakhulu endaweni ukwakhiwa. Ngo-1797 sezindela wakhushulwa isikhundla sokuba Lavra. Ngaleso sikhathi, zintathu Alexander saseNevsky Lavra (Petersburg) uJesu akabanga nje ngobukhulu kuleli zwe, kodwa futhi omunye ecebile.

nenkathi yamaSoviet

Phakathi inguquko, abantu sika commissar inhlalakahle A. M. Kollontay wafuna ukuguqula yezindela emzini womuntu ngoba ekhubazekile ababuya empini. Iqembu amatilosi ayehlose ukufika khona Januwari 19, 1918, kwamhlangabeza kokuhlwithwa esixukwini esithukuthele of amalungu esonto. AmaBolshevik kwadingeka ashona. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa ukuze ayeke nokuxhasa isonto isabelomali isimo. I apogee yalezi zigigaba iyisinqumo ku ukuhlukana neSonto noMbuso. Ngo-1922 yesigodlo yacishe "baphanga ngokomthetho" ngokuba indlala. Isiliva shrine lapho izinsalela Aleksandra Nevskogo, wavulwa sidluliselwe Hermitage, futhi bona amandla adluliselwe ku-State Museum Isikhwama. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke Alexander saseNevsky Lavra Petersburg Sizoqhubeka nokusebenza kuze 1932, ngenkathi baboshwe bonke izindela. Ngemva konyaka, Isigodlo savalwa futhi kabusha epherishi, futhi ngo-1936, umsebenzi wayeka ngokuphelele. Ngakusasa iminyaka engu-20 esigodlweni sezindela behlaliswe ezihlukahlukene izikhungo wokuziphilisa kuphela ngo-1957, izinkonzo yaphinde yaqhubeka. Izinsalela umlawuli wabuyela endaweni yalo efanele kuphela 80s sekwephuzile.

Necropolis we Holy Trinity Alexander saseNevsky Lavra. Lazarevskoye emathuneni

Lavra Petersburg idume yamathuna yayo, lapho amanga abantu abaningi abadumile leminyaka elidlule - abalobi, ojenene ososayensi. Ekuqaleni kwakunebandla elilodwa emathuneni - Lazarevskoye, eyasungulwa phakathi nokubusa uPetru I. behlonipha bengcwatshwa lapha baklonyeliswa abantu abacebile noma owaziwa kuphela kuleli zwe. Kuze kube manje, onke tombstones, izikhumbuzo, amabhokisi omngcwabo kukhona ezibalulekile emlandweni. Iphinde izindlu Crypt umndeni Ukubala abadumile Sheremetyev.

Tikhvin emathuneni

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, emathuneni Lazarevskoye yacinana kakhulu, futhi kwanqunywa ukuba uvule enye, othiwa okusha Lazarevskiy. Sula imingcele, litholakala kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ngesikhathi ebiyelwe ngodonga lwamatshe. Ngesikhathi emathuneni entsha Holy Trinity Alexander saseNevsky Lavra iqanjwe kabusha e Tikhvin. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukwakhiwa wethuna emathuneni we Isithonjana Tikhvin uNina kaNkulunkulu. Burial emathuneni entsha buhlobene futhi amagama izibalo odumile isiko, ubuciko kanye nomhlaba ngokwesayensi. Maphakathi ukungcwatshwa kwekhulu lama-20 e-Tikhvin Amathuna zaphela, futhi bekubonakala kabusha epaki yesikhumbuzo.

Nikolskoye emathuneni

Emathuneni lwesithathu ensimini ka-Alexander saseNevsky Monastery lavulwa ngo-1863. Kusukela endaweni yamathuna wawusegunjini Nicholas Church, emathuneni wabaselwa okuthiwa Nikolsky. Emathuneni entsha uhlukile nozakwabo. Okokuqala, insimu yalo Izindlwana eziningi elakhiwa ubudala isitayela Russian. Okwesibili, ngaphezu ezikhumbuzo evamile emathuneni, kunezindlela eziningi eziqoshiwe zethusi busts zabantu angcwatshwe. Okwesithathu, Nikolskoye emathuneni kuphela esigodlweni sezindela, okuyinto engazange wathola isimo Museum. Isebenza kuze kube yilolu suku, kodwa abambalwa kakhulu abantu abadumile besikhathi sethu unikelwa udumo ukuphumula kulesi lasezweni elingcwele.

Njalo ngonyaka Petersburg izivakashi eziningi nezihambi. Injongo befikile - Alexander saseNevsky Lavra. Amahora okuvula kukhona elula kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukujabulela ubuhle nokuthula kwale ndawo. Leli thempeli ivulwa 6.00 ukuze 20.00, ensimini ka Lavra kusuka 5.30 kuya 23,00.

Umlando Nezanamuhla

Ukuvuselelwa ukuphila isonto nokukhulekela ezindongeni Isigodlo uqalwe engxenyeni 90s yesibili, futhi ngo-2000 bonke izakhiwo zazinikezwa besifunda-bhishobhi. Ngesikhathi sezindela amasonto amabili elaklanywa ubaba nendodana Trezzini e 1717-1722 futhi 1742-1750, ngokulandelana; ngokubabazekayo lombhishobhi neoclassical, elakhiwa ngo-1778-1790 ku-iphrojekthi Ivana Starova futhi ngokuzinikela zintathu Ongcwele, kanye nezakhiwo eziningi ezincane. Nazi Lazarevskoye futhi Tikhvin Amathuna, lapho walondoloza ethuneni ezihlotshisiwe Mihaila Lomonosova, Aleksandra Suvorova, Nikolay Karamzin Modesta Musorgskogo, Petra Chaykovskogo, Fedora Dostoevskogo, uCarlo Rossi nabanye abantu abadumile. Kuze kube manje, saseNevsky Monastery - indawo ethandwa izivakashi nezihambi. Umlando indawo okuvela kuyo amazwi Alexander saseNevsky Lavra wonke umuntu ukutshela iziqondiso Orthodox. Isigodlo kuyinto Refectory futhi ikamelo itiye lapho ungakwazi oda ukudla okushisayo amaqembu pilgrim nezihambi ngabanye. Kukhona nayo yakhelwe amahhotela ezintathu lapho ungakwazi ukuqasha indawo yokuhlala ntofontofo futhi okungabizi. Kuze kube manje, Isigodlo usebenza inkonzo pilgrimage obhekene inhlangano hambo kokubili ensimini ka wezindela uqobo, futhi emasontweni namathempeli Petersburg.

Usuku lokuzalwa luka-Alexander saseNevsky Lavra

Ngo-2013, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox ababethanda, bagubha iminyaka engu-300th kusukela osukwini lapho Holy Trinity Alexander saseNevsky Lavra Petersburg yasungulwa. Countdown lomcimbi owaqala ngokuvukela Mashi 25, 1713, okungukuthi, owokuqala Nowaphezulu e ezindongeni zethempeli. Phakathi nokugujwa kwezinsuku bonke abazalwane, eliholwa umbusi iSonto udwendwe. Abakhulekeli walalela Metropolitan uVladimir siyakuhalalisela, okuyinto yakhuthaza abantu ukuba bagcine le ndawo engcwele, okuyinto isikhungo ezingokomoya zabantu sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Njenganoma yimuphi indawo ubudala, saseNevsky Monastery ligubuzelwe imfihlakalo nezimfumbe. Nazi amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ezihlobene umlando kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi lase-Alexander saseNevsky Lavra.

1. Ngenxa yokuthi Isigodlo kwamiswa endaweni lapho u-Alexander saseNevsky wahlulwa abaseSweden, ekuqaleni okuthiwa "Victoria".
2. Academy Orthodox Petersburg sihlehlela emuva esikoleni, eyakhelwe ensimini ka wezindela futhi anikezelwe ngemva kwesikhathi sakhe kuphela ezinganeni abefundisi.
3. I izinsalela Aleksandra Nevskogo, ngubani ziphuthunyiswe endaweni wezindela ngisho phakathi nokubusa uPetru mina futhi agcinwe khona okwamanje, ngesikhathi salezi zinguquko zisusiwe futhi idluliselwe Museum State.
4. Ngo ezinzima ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa wamavukelambuso, abefundisi abaningi babhekana nobunzima ezandleni amaBolshevik - uyabanda shot noma aboshwa.
5. Ngo-1918, uhulumeni wanquma ukuthatha indawo ye sezindela futhi ulisebenzise izidingo zabo. Nokho, wathumela ihlukane wahlangana engakaze ibonwe ukumelana besonto futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ashona. Ukulandela lezi zenzakalo, isevisi waqhubeka iminyaka engu-15.
6. Lamathempeli azithele ngabandayo Namanje akufakiwe elaliyifa lakhe futhi emnyuziyamu edolobheni.
7. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi eziyinkimbinkimbi mlando eyathatha iminyaka ezingaba yikhulu. Phakathi ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa nokuhlobisa amathempeli namasonto ubuhanjelwe abaklami abaningi abadumile nabakhi bezindonga isikhathi.

Izigigaba ezisanda kwenzeka

Muva nje ngo-September 12, 2016, i-Holy Trinity Alexander saseNevsky Lavra Petersburg, ihlelwe ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo umkhosi "iNeva indandatho". Imikhosi kuphelelwe ekudluliselweni izinsalela Aleksandra Nevskogo futhi waqala ne-bendabuko umthandazo ezivamile. Umkhosi yahanjelwa okungcono insimbi-ringers eRussia nakwamanye amazwe futhi izilaleli uyojatshuliswa ikhono lakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakwa ababekhona yethulwa ifilimu mayelana izinsimbi. Engxenyeni yokugcina umuntu iholide abakwazanga ukuvele ukuzishayela wena isikhencezo, kodwa futhi ukuze uthole ekilasini master kusukela best insimbi-ringers.