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Ibutho zabesifazane yokufa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Umlando Ibutho yabesifazane

Zabesifazane Ukufa Battalion, iMpi Yezwe I (izithombe ayatholakala esihlokweni), kwakukhona ngomyalo wabaholi we Yesikhashana kaHulumeni. Omunye initiators eyinhloko indalo yayo kwaba M. Bochkarev. Ibutho zabesifazane yokufa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala sidalwe ukukhulisa isimo salo amasosha, amadoda abenqaba ukuya phambili.

Maria Bochkareva

Kusukela ngo-1914, eseneminyaka engu-phambili olingana isikhulu non-ethunywe ngubani wathola isinqumo eliphakeme. Ngenxa ubuqhawe babo ngo-1917 th Maria Bochkareva eyaduma kakhulu. Yafika ngo-April kuya Western Front Rodzyanko izuzwe umhlangano siqu naye bese wamthatha nabo ukuze Petrograd ngoba ezikhankasela ukulwa "kuze ukunqoba 'e amasosha ebutho lenqaba kanye nethimba lezivakashi weCongress of the Petrograd Soviet. Enkulumweni yakhe Bochkareva ukubeka phambili isiphakamiso ukwakha Ibutho lomame sokufa. Ngo impi, wathi, kuba kumiswa kwakudingekile kakhulu. Ngemva kwalokho naye wamenywa ukuba bakhulume emhlanganweni we Yesikhashana kaHulumeni.

INGEMUVA kumiswa iyunithi

Phakathi Okokuqala Umhlaba abesifazane babo bonke ubudala - yesikole, abafundi intombazane kanye nabamele neminye imikhakha yomphakathi - baya ngokuzithandela ngaphambili. I "Bulletin of the Red Cross" ngo-1915, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa indaba yamantombazane 12 ababekwa ukulwa Carpathians. Babeneminyaka engu-14-16 ubudala. Empini yokuqala esikole amabili babulawa futhi abanye abangamakhulu 4 balimala. Amasosha isimo sengqondo njengobaba amantombazane. Babathatha nesigameko sokudubula ifomu wafundisa bese eqoshiwe kubo ngaphansi amagama wesilisa njengoba isikhundla futhi ifayela. Yini eyenza abesifazane ababehlakaniphile Muhle, abasha, ocebile noma wabhekwa njengonodumo, ukuze shí isimiso ezempi? Imibhalo kanye izinkumbulo ukhombe izizathu eziningi. Chief phakathi kwabo, yebo, kwaba yisifiso yokushisekela izwe. Waqhubeka wamboza wonke umphakathi waseRussia. Lokho umqondo ubuzwe komsebenzi kuye kwaholela abesifazane abaningi ukushintsha izimpahla zazo zikanokusho ku iyunifomu noma izingubo abahlengikazi. Okubaluleke ngendlela efanayo nokuthi izimo zomkhaya. Abanye abesifazane baya phambi abayeni babo, abanye, ukufunda ngokufa kwabo, zahlangana ibutho yokuziphindiselela. A indima ekhethekile kukhala futhi ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza amalungelo alinganayo namadoda. Revolutionary 1917 wanikwa amaningi amathuba abesifazane. Bamukela amalungelo lokhetho nezinye. Konke lokhu kuye kwaba nomthelela oda lamasosha, eyayihlanganisa ngokuphelele abesifazane. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo of 1917 waqala ukwakha ingxenye lonke lelo zwe. Kakade kusukela igama, kwaba sobala ukuthi yini Ibutho labesifazane sokufa. Ngo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, abesifazane base bekulungele ukunikeza ezimpilweni zabo ngenxa yezwe lakubo. Ekufakeni isinghonghoyilo Botchkareva basabela amantombazane amanye 2,000. Nokho, kuphela 300 awazange akhethwe Ibutho labesifazane sokufa. EMpini Yezwe I, "ukushaqeka amabutho" wabonisa ukuthi ziyakwazi Russian intombazane. ubuqhawe kwabo, inselele wonke amasosha abathintekayo empini.

Zabesifazane Battalion Lokufa: umlando ekudalweni

Batalyon kwamiswa ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngo-1917, June 21, ngesikhathi Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba emcimbini onesizotha wakhe wawenziwa ngo-isikwele. Wazamukela ukwakheka entsha lempi ifulegi elimhlophe. Juni 29 evunyiwe Regulations. It usungula inqubo for kumiswa amayunithi lempi amavolontiya zesifazane. Ubhala uchungechunge "ukushaqeka troopers" abameleli yimikhakha ehlukehlukene yomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Botchkareva wempi kwaba yentombazane eneminyaka engu-25 ubudala jikelele sika Maria Skrydlova. Yena kwakufanele imfundo yekhethelo futhi wayazi ngezilimi ezinhlanu.

Zabesifazane Ukufa Battalion, neMpi Yezwe lalinabashumayeli abesifazane abakhonza amayunithi Frontline, izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje ka. Phakathi yokugcina babe noblewomen, isisebenzi, uthisha, abafundi intombazane. Simple inceku ongumlimi amantombazane omkhaya abadumile ezihloniphekayo, unkosikazi yesosha, Cossacks - Bona nabanye abaningi babeya ukukhonza e Ibutho labesifazane sokufa. Umlando yokudalwa kwendawo Botchkareva waqala ngesikhathi esinzima. Nokho, lokhu kwaba umfutho bahlangane amaqembu amasosha namantombazane kweminye imizi. Ngokuyinhloko, ngokuya abesifazane Russian oyifakile. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuba ukuhlangabezana nabameleli bezinye izizwe. Ngakho, ngokwale ndlela imibhalo, abantu base-Estonia, Latvian, abangamaJuda futhi ahamba ayokhonza e Ibutho labesifazane sokufa.

History of the amayunithi libonisa ukushisekela ubuzwe okusezingeni eliphezulu wobulili bubuhle. Ingxenye waqala ukwakha ekhatsi Kiev, Smolensk, laseKharkov, Mariupol, Baku, e-Irkutsk, Odessa, Poltava, Vyatka nakwamanye amadolobha. Njengoba izimbangela, amantombazane amaningi nje ubhaliselwe Ibutho ngowokuqala zabesifazane sokufa. EMpini Yezwe I amayunithi lempi yayinabantu ka phakathi kuka-250 no-1,500 abantu. Ngo-October 1917 base kwamiswa: Ithimba Marine, Minsk umlindi squad, Petrograd Cavalry Regiment, kanye Petrograd Okokuqala, eMoscow Okwesibili, Ibutho-Cuban abesifazane Okwesithathu ngokufa. EMpini Yezwe I (umlando emhlabeni wonke kuwubufakazi baleli) abathintekayo zokugcina amayunithi ezintathu kuphela. Nokho, inqubo okwandisa nolokubhujiswa Empire isiRashiya, ukwakheka izingxenye awukapheli.

zengqondo yomphakathi

Solntseva mlando Russian wabhala ukuthi amaSoviet futhi nenqwaba amasosha kunalokho omubi beqonda Ibutho zabesifazane sokufa. Nokho, iMpi Yezwe II, i-oda kwaba ushintsho olukhulu ngempela indima ephawulekayo. Nanyana kunjalo, ukutshwaya Veterans eziningi engathandeki kakhulu amantombazane. Ekuqaleni kuka-July, Petrograd Soviet yafuna kuhlakazwe bonke Battalion. Wathi ukuthi ingxenye "langakufanelekela komsebenzi". Ngaphezu kwalokho, Petrograd Soviet ibhekwa kumiswa kula maqembu njengoba "ezifihliwe wobunxiwankulu iqhinga" njengoba isifiso ukuletha ukulwa ukuze anqobe.

Ibutho zabesifazane yokufa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala: isithombe, imisebenzi

Ngo ibutho Botchkareva efika ngomhlaka 27 Juni 1917. inombolo Phiko abantu 200. Female ukufa Ibutho efika engxenyeni ezingemuva lokuqala laseSiberia Corps of the Army 10th eku Front Western. Ngamhlaka 9 Julayi okuhlaselayo kusalungiselelwa. I 7th Infantry Regiment, ezazihlanganisa Ibutho lomame sokufa, langena oda. Wayefanele ume kreva. On the flank kwesokudla ibutho kwaba ukushaqeka troopers Ibutho. Baqale langena ebesengenile njengoba isitha, owayemazi ngokuseduze mayelana izinhlelo yebutho isiRashiya, kubabulali isiteleka se preemptive, waya indawo amasosha ethu.

Ngo-14 kuhlasela isitha lalotshwa izinsuku ezintathu. Izikhathi eziningana phakathi nalesi sikhathi le Ibutho ngenza counterattacks. Ngenxa yalokho, amasosha aseJalimane baxoshwa izikhundla athatha ngayizolo. Embikweni wakhe uColonel Zakrzewski wabhala ukuthi Ibutho yabesifazane lokufa eMpini Yezwe ngamhlupha heroically, ngokuba njalo iyahola. Girls abaye bakhonza kanye amasosha, kanye nabo. Lapho amaJalimane ahlasela, bonke baphuthuma counter, wangena kwehlwaywe, ugqoko cartridges. Ibutho zabesifazane yokufa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, iyisibonelo isibindi, ukuthula nesibindi. Ngayinye yalezi namaqhawekazi amantombazane njengabawufanelekele isikhundla esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa Soldier Russian ibutho wamavukelambuso. Njengoba yena wafakaza Bochkareva abesifazane amasosha 170 ababa nesandla ekulweni, abantu abangu-30 bashonile kwathi abanye abangaba ngu-70 balimala. Udutshulwe amahlandla amahlanu ngokwalo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esingaba yinyanga nengxenye Bochkareva kwaliwa esibhedlela. Ukuze iqhaza izimpi futhi ubuqhawe, yena waklonyeliswa elisezingeni uLieutenant yesibili.

Imiphumela ukulahlekelwa

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu efile futhi elimele empini amantombazane, Jikelele Kornilov, igunyaza umyalo evimbela kumiswa entsha squads ukufa ukuze iqhaza ekulweni. Ama-oda ekhona unikezwe indaba nje kuphela i umsebenzi asizayo. Ikakhulukazi, eyaliwe ukunikeza ukuphepha, zokuxhumana, isenzo njengoba amaqembu sanitary. Ngenxa yalokho, abesifazane-izisebenzi zokuzithandela eziningi abazimisele ukulwela izwe lenkaba yabo nge izingalo yafaka esinye isicelo esibhaliwe, eyayinekheli isicelo ngiyabaxosha ngaphandle eqenjini ukufa.

isiyalo

Kwaba ezinzima ngokwanele. Zabesifazane Ukufa Battalion, iMpi Yezwe I yabonisa hhayi kuphela isibonelo isibindi nokuzinikela ngenxa yezwe. Izimiso eziyisisekelo abangu proclaimed

  • Ngenhlanhla, nenkululeko nodumo njengezitha zezwe lokhokho.
  • Ubuqotho nokuqina ukholo nomoya.
  • Speed, ukuphikelela, ukunemba nokunemba ekwenzeni ama-oda.
  • Isimo Serious ukusebenza ku kwenkundla yempi lokwethembeka.
  • Inhlanzeko, umusa, nobungane, ngezilokotho, ngokwenama.
  • Hlonipha imibono yabanye abantu.
  • Thembela nomunye.
  • Yezikhulu.

Amukelwe inzondo siqu nemibango.

ezicini ezinhle

Ibutho zabesifazane zokufa Okokuqala Umhlaba, hhayi kuphela nengxenye izimpi. "Amasosha Abesifazane" bakwazi balukhulume umsebenzi wesilisa. Ngokwesibonelo, Princess Shahovskaya - yokuqala nowesifazane ndiza emhlabeni. EJalimane ngo-1912, yena wakhishwa ilayisense oluhlolwa umshayeli wendiza. Lapho, esikhumulweni sezindiza Yohannistal, wasebenza isikhathi esithile njengoba nomfundisi ofundisa. Ngesikhathi kuqala impi Shahovskaya wanxusa ukuyithumela njengoba umshayeli wezempi ngaphambili. Umbusi sisivumile isicelo, futhi ngo-November 1914 iPrincess kwabalelwa olingana Ensign zezindiza iqembu lokuqala. Esinye isibonelo okuphawuleka Elena uSamsoni. Yayiyindodakazi we unjiniyela lempi, nge indondo igolide kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme futhi izifundo e Peretburge. Isibhedlela e Warsaw uSamsoni wasebenza njengoba umhlengikazi. Ngemva kwalokho, wayeselahlekelwe babhaliswa njengoba umshayeli ebuthweni 9 ngaphambili ningizimu-ntshonalanga. Nokho, uye wakhonza khona isikhathi eside - cishe izinyanga ezine, bese wathunyelwa eMoscow. Ngaphambi kwempi Samsonov wathola idiploma umshayeli. Ngo-1917, wagqunywa 26 zezindiza lamabutho.

NokuVikelwa Uhulumeni Yesikhashana

Enye "ukushaqeka Battalion" (Okokuqala Petrograd iphansi kwesandla sika-uCaptain isicwebezelisi) ne amasosha kanye nezinye izingxenye ngo-Okthoba 1917 waba nengxenye lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela Winter Palace. Okthoba 25, iyunithi ukuthi wayemi Levashov esiteshini, kwakudingeka sihambe phambili Romanian. Kodwa ngayizolo Loskovym wayethole umyalo ukuthumela ingxenye "umbukiso" e Petrograd. Eqinisweni akuhlosiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa we Yesikhashana kaHulumeni.

Glosses wafunda ngenkinga yangempela futhi engafuni ukubandakanya abangaphansi kwakhe empikiswaneni yezombangazwe. Wabuyisa ukuba Ibutho Levashovo ngaphandle izinkampani 2 ababebalelwa abantu 137. Nge ezimbili ukushaqeka Leli qembu yindlunkulu Petrograd wesifunda wazama nokuqalisa wiring Foundry, uNicholas Palace namabhuloho. Kodwa lo msebenzi waba iphazamiseke amatilosi sovietized. Asele ukushaqeka troopers inkampani itholakala kuya kwesokudla esangweni main Esitezi lwesigodlo. Ebusuku wawuyeka lokushaya, yena waba disarmed. Girls kuthathwe emabhalekisini we Pavlovsky kuqala, khona-ke Grenadier Regiment. Ngokwemibiko ethile, inombolo ukushaqeka troopers "ukuphathwa kabi". Ngemva kwalokho, ikomiti ekhethekile ye Petrograd City Council sinqume ukuthi amantombazane amane zadlwengulwa (nakuba cishe bambalwa Babezimisele ngisho alivume), futhi omunye wazibulala. Okthoba 26 anobuthi inkampani emuva Levashovo.

I squads ukuvalwa

Ngemva kokuphela Okthoba Revolution, uhulumeni abasha baseSoviet bamukela inqubomgomo yokwenza ukuthula, kanye nezwe aphume impi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye amabutho yayihloselwe ukuqedwa Imperial Army. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke "ukushaqeka amabutho" ahlakazwa. Battalion ahlakazwa Novemba 30, 1917 ngomyalo uMkhandlu Military has wangaphambili Ministry. Nakuba nje kokuba umcimbi ke wayalelwa ukukhiqiza zonke iqhaza sokuzithandela amayunithi for inkonzo ukulwa izikhulu. Noma kunjalo, inani elikhulu amasosha abesifazane, amantombazane lahlala amalungiselelo kuze January 1918 nangale. Abanye besifazane abangamaRom babesizakala iyiswe Don. Kube bathatha ingxenye esebenzayo ekulweni amaBolshevik phakathi kwababusi White Army. Owokugcina izingxenye ezisele eziyizithelo Kuban kwaba Ibutho yesithathu yokufa. Wayemi e Ekaterinodar. Umthelela yahlakazeka kuphela 26 Februwari 1918. Isizathu kwaba ukwenqaba abasebenzi eCaucasus esifundeni ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka Iyunithi enikeza.

Ukubukeka nomumo

Abesifazane abakhonza kule Ibutho Botchkareva ku chevrons ukugqokwa uhlamvu "ekhanda ka-Adamu." Bona, njengabanye amasosha, wathatha lapho ngihlolwa. Njengamadoda, abesifazane ukugunda izinwele zabo cishe Bald. Phakathi lokulwa, ekubambeni iqhaza kwabantu besifazane nokuzidela abatholakele okokuqala emlandweni uhlamvu mass. Ngo ibutho Russian phambili kwaba ezingaphezu kuka 25,000 abesifazane amavolontiya. Umuzwa ubuzwe komsebenzi kuya lawobaba, kuye kwaholela abaningi ukuba isebenze. Hlala ibutho washintsha isimo sabo.

Ekuphetheni

Akubuzwa, lapho Ibutho ngowokuqala zabesifazane indima ekhethekile kwakungekaNkulunkulu Kerensky. He is fike shoka umbono. Enkulumeni Kerensky babethola lenqwaba izicelo zezikhalo kusukela abesifazane ababefuna ukujoyina izingxenye. Wabuye wathola amaminithi emihlangano namanothi ahlukahlukene. Kuzo zonke lezi amaphepha kubonakala ukukhathazeka abesifazane phambili ikusasa yezwe, kanye nesifiso sokuvikela ezweni, yokuvikela inkululeko yabantu. Babekholelwa ukuthi isebenze is okulingana amahloni. Abesifazane bafuna impi, wahola kuphela uthando wezwe, isifiso ukukhulisa isimo salo amasosha. UMnyango Main Jikelele Abasebenzi umsebenzi okhethekile isevisi zabasebenzi sesakhiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo endlunkulu izifunda lempi aseqalile imizamo ukuheha amavolontiya abesifazane empini. Nokho, isifiso sabesifazane sasisikhulu kangangokuba izwe kwaba negagasi ukudalwa okuzenzakalelayo izinhlangano ezempi.

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