Icon of the Mother of God "Umthombo onika ukuphila": yini ewusizo. Ithempeli lesithombe sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Usuku Oluphefumula"

Ngothando olungenakuqhathaniswa nokuhlonishwa kusemhlabeni wamaKristu eNdlovukazi yaseZulwini - uMama OnguNkulunkulu Obusisiwe. Futhi ungasithandi kanjani uMlamuleli wethu noMqulu Wezincwadi ngaphambi kwesihlalo sobukhosi sikaNkulunkulu! Ukubuka kwakhe okucacile kuqondiswa kithi ezivela ezingeni eziningi. Wabonisa izimangaliso ezinkulu kubantu ngokusebenzisa izithombe zakhe, odumile njengeyisimangaliso. Omunye odume kakhulu phakathi kwabo yisithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Spring Spring-Giving".

Isimangaliso sambuliwe endaweni engcwele

Inganekwane engcwele ithi esikhathini esidala, lapho i-Byzantium isesimeni esithuthukile futhi inhliziyo yezwe i-Orthodoxy, eduze nenhloko-dolobha yayo yaseConstantinople, engekude neDown Gate "edumile," yayiyindawo engcwele. Yanikezelwa kuMariya Oyingelosi Ebusisiwe. Ngaphansi komcibisholo wamagatsha awo, intwasahlobo yaphuma emhlabeni, ibangela ukupholisa ezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo. Kwakukhona amahemuhemu ajikeleza phakathi kwabantu ukuthi amanzi kuwo anezindawo ezithile zokuphulukisa, kodwa akekho owathatha ngokungathí sina, futhi kancane kancane ukhohliwe yiwo wonke umthombo ugcwele utshani notshani.

Kodwa ngelinye ilanga, ngo-450, umlindi ogama lakhe linguLev Marcellus, edabula i-grove, wahlangana nendoda eyimpumputhe, elahlekile emithini eminyene. Umqhawe wamsiza, wamsekela ngenkathi ephuma emahlathini, wahlala emthunzini. Lapho eqala ukufuna amanzi ukuphuza lo mhambi, wezwa izwi elimangalisayo limyala ukuba athole umthombo oseduze futhi ahlanze amehlo akhe ngamapumputhe amanzi.

Lapho le mpi enozwela yenza lokhu, impumputhe yabona ngokukhawuleza ukukhanya, futhi bobabili bawa ngamadolo, bebonga uMbusi Obusisiwe, njengoba beqaphela ukuthi yilizwi lakhe elazwakala e-grove. INdlovukazi yaseZulwini yabikezela uLeon Markell umqhele wamakhosi, okwenzeka eminyakeni eyisikhombisa.

Izifanekiso - izipho zakwa-emperors 'ezibukwayo

Lapho esefikile emandleni amakhulu, uMarkell akazange akhohlwe isimangaliso esivezwe endaweni engcwele, nokubikezela ngokuvuka kwakhe okumangalisayo. Ngokomyalelo wakhe, umthombo wawuhlanjululwe futhi wawuzungezwe umngcele ophakeme wamatshe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, waziwa ngokuthi uMpilo. Lapha, ithempeli lakhiwa ngokuhlonipha iNdodanakazi Ebusisiwe, ngokukhethekile kuye yavezwa isithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Spring Spring-giving". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi izimangaliso eziningi ziye zaba udumo ngomthombo wesibusiso nesithonjana, esigcinwe ethempelini. Izinkulungwane zabahamba ngezinyawo zaqala ukuhloma lapha kusukela ezingxenyeni ezikude kakhulu zombuso.

Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, ukubusa kuka-Emperor Justinian Omkhulu, owayebhekene nesifo esinzima futhi esingelapheki, wafika endaweni engcwele lapho uphawu lukaMama kaNkulunkulu "Usuku Oluphefumula" lwama khona. Njengoba esezigezile emanzini avundile futhi enza imvukuzane ngaphambi kwesithombe esimangalisayo, waphinde waphila impilo namandla akhe. Njengombonakaliso wokubonga, umbusi onenhlanhla wayala ukuba akhiwe eduze kwelinye ithempeli futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthola ithempeli elenzelwe inombolo enkulu yabakhileyo. Ngakho-ke, uphawu lukaMama kaNkulunkulu olwalukhazimulayo nolwandiswa kakhulu, "Umthombo onika ukuphila", umthandazo owakwazi ukuwuphilisa kusukela ezifweni ezibi kakhulu.

Ukuwa kweByzantium nokubhujiswa kwamathempeli

Kodwa izinhlekelele ezimbi zango-1453 zafika eByzantium. Umbuso omkhulu futhi owake waba nenzuzo wawela ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwamaSulumane. Inkanyezi enkulu ye-Orthodoxy iye yazama. Abahlaseli ababi bazithengisa izindawo zobuKristu. Wanqotshwa emanxiweni nasethempelini lesithombe sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Intwasahlobo ephilisa impilo", nazo zonke izakhiwo zezindela ezazimi eduze. Sekudlule isikhathi eside, ngo-1821, kwenziwa umzamo wokuvuselela izinsizakalo zomkhuleko endaweni engcwele, futhi ngisho nesonto elincane lakhiwa, kodwa ngokushesha labhujiswa, kanti intwasahlobo evundile yayigcwele umhlaba.

Kodwa abantu babengenakubukela ngokuthula lokhu kuhlambalaza, ezinhliziyweni zabo umlilo wokukholwa kweqiniso washisa. Ngokuyimfihlo, ngaphansi kwesembozo sebusuku, i-Orthodox yahlanza indlu yabo ehlakisayo. Futhi njengoba nje ngasese, bebeka ukuphila kwabo engozini, bathathwa, bafihliwe ngaphansi kwezingubo zabo, izitsha ezigcwele amanzi angcwele. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho inqubomgomo yangaphakathi yabanikazi abasha bezwe ishintshile, kanti i-Orthodox ayinikezwa ukululaza ekusebenzeni kwezinsizakalo zaphezulu.

Khona-ke isonto elincane lesithombe sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Spring Spring-Life" lakhiwa esakhiweni sesonto elibhubhisayo. Futhi njengoba i-Orthodoxy ingeke ibe khona ngaphandle kosizo nozwela, sakha i-almshouse nesibhedlela esontweni, lapho abaningi abagulayo kanye nezikhubazeka bathola impilo ngokuthandaza kuMphenduli Omngane Ongapheli.

Ukuhlonishwa kwezithombe ezingcwele eRussia

Ngenkathi, ngokuwa kweByzantium, ilanga le-Orthodoxy lifika eMpumalanga, lakhanya ngamandla amasha eRussia Elingcwele, futhi kwavela izincwadi eziningana zamatoriki nezithombe ezingcwele. Futhi ukuphila kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthobeka nokuhlakaniphile ubuso kwabangcwele bakaNkulunkulu. Kodwa isimo sengqondo esikhethekile kwakuyizithombe zoMsindisi noMama wakhe Omsulwa kakhulu. Phakathi kwezithombe ezihlonishwa kakhulu yizo ezabhalwa ezikhathini zasendulo emabhange aseBosphorus. Omunye wabo uyisithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Spring Spring-Giving".

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela ngekhulu le-XVI iRussia iye yahileleka ekwenzeni ukungcwelisa iziphethu nezindawo zokuhlala ezihlala eduze noma eziseduze nezindlu zendlu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zizinikezele kuMama kaNkulunkulu Omkhulu kakhulu. Lesi siko sasivela kithi eGrisi. Uhlu oluningi luye lwasakazwa kusukela esithombeni saseByzantine se "Umthombo onika ukuphila". Noma kunjalo, izingoma ezibhalwe eRussia ngaphambi kwekhulu le-XVII, azitholakali.

Isithombe seNdombikazi ehlane laseSarov

Njengesibonelo sothando olukhethekile ngaye, singakhumbula inkangala edumile yaseSarov, inkazimulo yayo eyayibizwa ngegama layo ngokukhanya okungaqondakali kwe-Orthodoxy - eSt. Seraphim yaseSarov. Kuleso sikhungo esithempelini kwakhiwe ngokukhethekile, lapho uphawu lukaMama kaNkulunkulu "Spring Spring-Life" lwalugcinwa khona. Ukubaluleka kwalo emehlweni amakholwa kwakukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi uMdala Omkhulu emacaleni abaluleke kakhulu abathunywa abahamba ngezinyawo ukuba bathandaze kuTheotokos, beguqa phambi kwalesi sithonjana sakhe esimangalisayo. Njengoba kuboniswe emibhalweni yabantu abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakungenaso isizathu sokuthi umthandazo awuzange uzwakale.

Isithombe esiqinisa emzabalazweni nezinsizi

Iyini amandla Icon of the Mother of God "Spring Spring"? Yini ekusizayo futhi yini ongayicela yona? Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi sithombe esimangalisayo siletha kubantu isusa izinhlungu. Ukuphila, ngeshwa, kugcwele kubo, futhi akusiyo njalo esinamandla okucabanga okubhekana nabo.

Bavela esitheni somuntu, ngoba bangumkhiqizo wokungakholwa ekuhlinzekeni kukaNkulunkulu. Lapha kulezi zimo, futhi ulethe ukuthula emphefumulweni womuntu "umthombo wokuphila" - isithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu. Yini esiyithandazelayo kuMsindisi wethu ongcono kunazo zonke? Mayelana nendlela yokusivikela kanye nemithombo yalezi zisizi - izinkinga nezinsalela zokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Imikhosi ekuhlonipheni isithonjana esingcwele

Njengenye isibonelo sokuhlonipha okukhethekile kwalesi sithonjana, kufanele sikhulume, isiko esiye sakhula emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ukuze sikhonze ngoLwesihlanu weSonto LikaBright amanzi-moleben ngaphambi kwalesi sithombe. Wasebenza kuwo wonke amasonto ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kweLiturgy. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, sekuyisiko ukufafaza ngamanzi, kuhlukaniswe kulo mthandazo, izingadi, izithelo nemifino ehlabayo, ngaleyo ndlela ubiza usizo lweNdodanakazi Ebusisiwe esivumelwaneni sokuvuna okucebile.

Iholide lesithombe sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Intwasahlobo yokuphilisa" igubha kabili ngonyaka. Uma kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli 4, ngoba kwakuyilolu suku ngo-450 uMariya uMariya wavela kumlindi onobuqotho u-Lev Markell, eyala ukuba akhe ithempeli ngokuhlonipha kwakhe endaweni engcwele futhi athandaze ngakho ngempilo nangensindiso yamaKristu angama-Orthodox. Ngalolo suku, i-Akathist Icon yoMama kaNkulunkulu "Spring Spring" inikezwa ngokuqinisekile.

Iholide yesibili yenzeka, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, ngoLwesihlanu weSonto LikaBright. Ngalolo suku, isonto likhumbula ithempeli elivuselelwe ngokuhlonipha lesi sithonjana, esasiseduze noConstantinople. Ngaphezu kwesigaba samandla wamanzi, lo mkhosi uhambisana nohambo lwePhasika.

Izici zesithombe sezithombe seMvali

Kumele kuqashelwe ikakhulukazi izici ze-iconographic zalesi sithombe. Kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi Icon of the Mother of God "Umthombo Ophelisa Ukuphila" ubuyela emuva emfanekisweni wasendulo waseByzantine we-Virgin, ogama lakhe lingu "Lady of Victory", okuyilokho okushiwo uphawu lweTheotokos. Kodwa-ke, akukho mqondo owodwa kule ndaba phakathi kwababhali-mlando bezobuciko.

Uma ufunda izithonjana zokusabalalisa zesikhathi, akunzima ukubona ezinye izinguquko eziphawulekayo ezenzakalelayo ezenziwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ngakho-ke, ezithombeni zakuqala azikho isithombe somthombo. Futhi, hhayi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesithombe, isitsha esibizwa ngokuthi i-vial, echibini nomthombo wangena ekubunjweni kwakhe.

Ukusabalalisa kwesithombe esingcwele eRussia nase-Athos

Iningi lezinto ezitholwa emvubukulo lifakazela ukuthi ukusakazwa kwalesi sithombe kuRussia. Ngakho, isibonelo, eCrimea ngenkathi kudliwa isidlo nesithombe seVirgin sitholakale. Umdwebo wakhe ngokuphakamisa ngomthandazo izandla ukhonjiswe esitsheni. Okutholakele kubhalwe ngekhulu le-13 futhi kubhekwa njengenye yezithombe zokuqala zalolu hlobo olusensimini yezwe lakithi.

Incazelo yesinye isithombe, ehambisana nesithombe "somthombo wokuphila" wekhulu le-XIV, ingatholakala emsebenzini womlando wesonto uNicphorus Callistus. Uchaza isithombe seVirgin esitsheni esibekwe ngenhla echibini. Kulesi sithonjana iNdodanakazi Ebusisiwe iboniswa noKristu osemncane ezandleni zakhe.

I-fresco ethi "The Spring-Giving Spring", etholakala eNtabeni i-Athos Engcwele, nayo iyathakazelisa. Libhekisela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XV. Umlobi wakhe - u-Andronicus waseByzantium - wanikeza iNdanzana esitsheni esikhulu ngesibusiso isana esingunaphakade ezandleni zayo. Igama lesithombe lilotshwe embhalweni wesiGreki emaphethelweni e-fresco. Isakhiwo esifanayo sitholakala kwezinye izithonjana, ezigcinwe ezizindlini ezihlukahlukene ze-Mount Athos.

Usizo oluthulwe ngalesi sithombe

Kodwa-ke, yikuphi ukukhanga okuyingqayizivele kwalesi sithombe, ngakho-ke isithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Usuku Lokunikeza Ukuphila" sikhanga kanjani abantu ngokwabo? Yini ewusizo futhi uyigcina ini? Okokuqala, lesi sithombe sibonisa ukuphulukiswa kubo bonke labo abahlupheka ngokubambisana kanye nasemithandazweni yalabo abathembele ekusizeni iNdlovukazi yaseZulwini. Kwakungenxa yokuthi ukukhazimuliswa kwakhe kwaqala eByzantium yasendulo. Lokhu kwamnqoba uthando nokubonga, ekubeni phakathi kwama-expanses aseRussia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphulukisa ngempumelelo isithonjana nokugula okungokomoya. Kodwa into eyinhloko ukuthi iyabasindisa labo abayisebenzisa kulokho okufisa ukulimaza okuvame ukujula imiphefumulo yethu. Yinethonya labo eligcina "umthombo wokuphila" - isithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu. Yini abathandazelayo phambi kwakhe, bafunani iNdlovukazi yaseZulwini? Okokuqala, isipho samandla sokubhekana nabo bonke abaphansi nabanobudlova obonakala kithi abonakaliswe yisono sangempela semvelo yabantu. Ngeshwa, kuningi okudlula amathuba omuntu nalokho esingenamandla ngaphandle kosizo lweNkosi uNkulunkulu noMama wakhe oPhezulu kakhulu

Umthombo wokuphila neqiniso

Kuzo zonke izimo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isisombululo sokwemibono umlobi walokhu noma ukuthi ukwelashwa kwalesi sithombe uyeka, omunye kufanele kuqala kuqala aqonde ukuthi umthombo wokuphila unguMariya Oyingcwele, okuye owanika ukuphila kwabo bonke abakhona emhlabeni waba ngumzimba.

Wakhuluma la mazwi, okwaba yitshe lapho ithempeli lokukholwa kweqiniso lakhiwa, Wembulela abantu indlela, iqiniso, nokuphila. Futhi ngalowo mthombo onomusa ophilisa ukuphila, omsakazo wakhe ogeziwe usuka esonweni futhi wanisela insimu yaphezulu, iNdlovukazi yaseZulwini, uMninindlukazi Obusisiwe kaNkulunkulu waba yikho sonke.