Igama lasendulo yamadolobha medieval uhlu, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Umlando wesintu uya emuva eminyakeni. intshisekelo omkhulu yilona Ukutadisha nangenkathi ezahlukene. Kulesi sihloko, umfundi bajwayelane amagama emizi kanye nomlando wabo Ephakathi.

Sici jikelele amadolobha medieval

Isikhathi Ephakathi kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi futhi impikiswano emlandweni wesintu. ukubaluleka kwalo kwetinhlavu emadolobheni nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. On ukuthuthukiswa yabo Ephakathi, bethonywe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• amadolobha aseYurophu siye sazuza izici eziyinhloko wokubusa wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. Baye basinda kulokho kuze kube namuhla.
• Ngo ukwakheka amadolobha medieval wadlala omkhulu imizila indima ehlanganisa iPersian Europe ne-East.

• Okwakubalulekile kulapho zezindela nezigodlo okuyinto kwakuyisiqalo amadolobha esizayo. Nakuba kuphela ezinye yokuhlala yamakhosi izinduna sanikela ekwandeni yentuthuko nezomnotho kulo muzi.
• Lokubaluleke kakhulu babe empini, eyathatha amakhulu eminyaka ngokuqhubekayo. Injongo ukuzivikela lesi sakhiwo kwakudingeka ubude obungaphezulu, ezitaladini ayemancane emlonyeni, ukudweba - ongaphakeme.
• Lo mkhuba ngeNkathi Ephakathi iyona lwekutfutfukisa-Arabhu. Basuke yonke indawo eyakhelwe emakamu ezempi. Ukuze ulawule lizwe ayenqotshiwe, kwakhiwa lenqaba, okuyinto ama-Arabhu esibizwa Shahristani. Kukhona konke ixazululwe: nababusi, abo izinceku, yizikhonzi, ababazi, squads lempi. Shakhristans eyakhelwe emhlabeni isiphetho, ebiyelwe izindonga.
• Ngasempumalanga yomuzi Ephakathi ayehlukile kuzo labo European. Zikhona e uhlelo eyodwa isimo, kodwa akazange abe noma yimaphi amalungelo.

Mdina

Umuzi yangeNkathi Ephakathi yayiwukuphela inhloko-dolobha yokuqala Malta. Kwenye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi idolobha buthule. Lesi sivumelwano sokuqala abantu libhekisela Bronze Age, eziyisishiyagalolunye BC. Indawo yokuhlala abaseFenike wakhetha phezulu egqumeni. Lesi sivumelwano ayebiyelwe ukuze ukuvikela ukuhlaselwa ezinye izizwe zabantwana.

Yini ekhangwa kule ndawo izifiki lasendulo? Kukhona imithombo komhlaba ngenxa okuyinto abantu abakwazanga eside ukumelana ukuvinjezelwa, ngaphandle kokuya ngaphandle izakhiwo zokuzivikela. Umuzi ifinyelele zidla izambane likapondo, uma lalibuswa lase libhujiswa ngemaRoma. Kamuva, lapho Mdina umthetho wadlulela Arabhu, idolobha waba yizinqamu, enye yazo seyaziwa ngokuthi Rabat.

Ephakathi Mdina buboniswa ngokuba kuthuthwa kuwo ka aristocrats. Ngo namathathu banesifo esibi sokukhohlwa ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, idolobha njengenkondlo ebonisa ezimele, yena ethola isimo esivumelwaneni ezizimele. Kuphela ngemva kwalokho Knights walidla okhiye edolobheni. abanikazi kwesikhathi ka Mdina yashintsha kaningi, futhi nabo isimo futhi negama imizi ephakathi.

waseConstantinople

Umsuka wegama amagama wedolobha medieval ngokomfanekiso. WaseConstantinople - idolobha ezithile zoMbuso WaseByzantium ngamasiko eqinile lasendulo. umsuka wayo ihlobene emzini waseGrisi lasendulo waseByzantium. WaseConstantinople lakhiwa endaweni yayo, futhi kwakubaluleke kakhulu amasu: endaweni indawo yedolobha lasendulo laba nhlonhlo, okuyinto waya Bosporus, futhi - e oLwandle Olumnyama.

EByzantium yasungulwa by bamakoloni YesiGreki 660 BC, kodwa waseConstantinople singcono kakhulu kuye. Insimu idolobha ithatha amagquma eziyisikhombisa, efana eRoma. Ngokusho kwakhe isithombe kwamandla, ukwakha izindlu lahlelwa eConstantinople abantu abacebile. Umlando ekuqaleni kwenkathi WaseByzantium kuphawulwa isimo wezwe, lapho imigwaqo abaye balondolozwa, kokubili kweRoma neConstantinople labetibambile yezingxenye ezinkulu ezweni nasolwandle imizila. City isikhundla esikhulu phakathi ezilwandle ezimbili: i-Black futhi iMedithera.

Umuzi ephakathi Romania

Sinesithakazelo esikhulu abantu ukuzibonakalisa ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi ososayensi, muzi ephakathi. Bhala amagama kwamanye amadolobha agcinwe ngendlela elandelayo:

• Sighisoara - iyidolobha elihle kunawo wonke e eTransylvania, elise entabeni. He kubhekwa kwazalelwa Dracula. Lo muzi unegama-German Shessburg and isiHungary - Shegeshvar. It eyasungulwa bamakoloni German ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili. Bakha inqaba, amasonto, futhi Clock Tower. emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka idolobha laba yindawo osopolitiki kanye ezempi. Izinhlamvu, umcebo intshontshiwe, amaphepha abalulekile futhi ukudla kwadingeka ukuba agcinwe endaweni ethile. umbhoshongo iwashi esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngodonga oluqinile, futhi konke igcinwa. Ngekhulu letjhumi nane Shessburg wathola isimo idolobha yokuzikhethela futhi yaba isikhungo ehamba phambili ukuhweba kanye nemisebenzi yezandla eMpumalanga Yurophu.

• Brasov - wedolobhakazi ayibalulekile kunabayeni ubuhle Sibiu, okuyiwona wathola elinye igama - the-Romanian Salzburg. Maphakathi yeRomania. Amarekhodi lokuqala ebhaliwe edolobheni sihlehlela emuva 1235. Amagama amadolobha medieval European ngokuvamile washintsha. Ngakho ngalokho okwenzeka kuma-Brasov. Wabizwa Brasco, Stefanopolisom, Brasso, Kronstadt. I evumayo isikhundla yendawo uxhumano nezinye nemizana baye bavumela edolobheni ukuthuthukisa umnotho ngokushesha, kanjalo Brasov ngokushesha yaba isikhungo esiyinhloko yeTransylvania nasenkabeni yayo.

Igama emadolobheni medieval: Georgia ne-Armenia

Amadolobha amakhulu ngenkathi kwakuba enqabeni dolobha nasezindaweni ezizungezile. City ngokuthi Shahastan, umbusi - Amir. inkosi saKhe esimisiwe. Izakhamuzi zedolobha ayengabantu abazinikele amakilasi etindzaweni letihlukene tekuhlalisana, kodwa iningi lawo abahwebi nezazi zobungcweti. Igama ethize lamadolobha medieval (ngamunye wabo), cabangela lokhu okulandelayo eGeorgia Armenia:

• Ani isimo edolobheni wathola kuphela ngekhulu leshumi. Ngaphambi kwakukhona enqabeni emfuleni Akhuryan. Omatasatasa 961, lapho wathola isimo inhloko-dolobha yombuso ka Bagratuni. Iminyaka lengemashumi lasihlanu yangembili kamuva kwaba elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo komuzi kungenxa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, indawo okwakukhona kuyo Ani etholakala maphakathi umbuso kanye nemingcele namanye amazwe: Russia, wayiyisa eByzantium, Iran, Aghvank futhi Georgia.
• Karin - zamadolobha Armenia lasendulo. Other names: Theodosiopolis, kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nanye - Erzurum. Karin baba idolobha-inqaba enezindonga double, tower ne moats ukuzivikela. Karin badabula imizila nendlwana ukuthi uxhumanisa eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Kodwa Karin ayibanga nobaluleke kakhulu kuleli zwe ngenxa yezimpi njalo.
• Van - emzini Armenia, usuku lapho base iyona lesishiyagalolunye leminyaka BC lasendulo. Kuyinto isikhungo elikhulu ekukhiqizeni wezandla kanye ukuhweba. Masters kwakuhlezi izikhali, zobumba, ubucwebe kanye Abeluki.

Imizi ephakathi Kazakhstan

Amadolobha yezwe ngenkathi unayo i umlando ezithakazelisayo. Kodwa manje izinsalela kuphela ziye zalondolozwa yibo. Igama amadolobha medieval ku Kazakhstan engavamile indlebe wesimanje. Ezinye zazo ethulwa ngezansi esihlokweni:

• Otrar. Indawo a isigodi Syr Darya River. Ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi confluence ezimbili kwemifula, Syr Darya futhi Arys, Otrar isiziba. Kulo muzi kwakunamaJuda evumayo isikhundla ezindawo: itholakala ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo nemigwaqo eminingi. Kwakuwusuku indawo inzuzo kakhulu futhi eziyingozi kunazo zonke e-Asia Ephakathi. Izimpi ukunqoba, eyathatha amakhulu eminyaka, waphenduka umuzi kanye elichumayo lingamanxiwa. Namuhla, kufana i Museum evulekile.

• Sauran. Lo muzi elamiswa izizwe Oguz Kimaks lapho usayinde izinkontileka hweba. Lo muzi inqaba enamandla enezinqaba obuqinile izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezingamelana nezinselele ekuvinjezelweni eside ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla. Isimo Ak-zidlamlilo inhloko-dolobha wathola ekhulwini weshumi nane. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa Ceramic kufinyelele iqophelo elinamandla sikhathi esimatasa. imithombo Ibhalwe abonisa ukuthi Sauran kwaba umuzi omkhulu futhi ucebile.

Ekuqiniseni sangaphakathi edolobheni

NgeNkathi Ephakathi izinqaba uthango ukuze buyela hhayi kuphela ipherimitha elingaphandle edolobheni, kodwa futhi endaweni ngaphakathi kuwo. Ngaleso sikhathi-ke kwakudingeka bavikele idolobha kusukela izibhelu njalo nebandla angaphandle kanye yangaphakathi. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa nabaphikisi, abantu kwadingeka ukufuna indawo yokuhlala, ngaphesheya ezindongeni zomuzi, lapho kokuba belinde isikhathi ukubhujiswa akunakugwenywa, ngakho nezivikelo eyakhelwe futhi phakathi komuzi, ukuze bazivikele ezingozini kungalindeleka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ingozi kwaba njalo, ngisho noma kwakungekho izimpi esisemthethweni.

Igama oluqinisayo yangaphakathi ngesiRashiya edolobheni medieval incike oluqinisayo hlobo. The elula kwaba capes hlobo. Ngokuvamile isiphetho ekhethiwe endaweni ezungezwe nemihosha kwakhiwa noma confluence. Lona kanye uhlobo umuzi wawuvikelwa ezinhlangothini, kodwa Lalivulwe ohlangothini phansi. Kule ndawo futhi sebakhe izinqaba: okugqoma, okuvimbezela, palisades. A oluqinisayo jikelele Ephakathi yayiyimizi ngokwabo, zezindela nezigodlo.

Njengomthetho, basuke benza ekwakhiweni amandla, futhi uma bekungenjongo ababuthakathaka, abefundisi nabahlonishwa wokuziphilisa, njengoba eFrance noma Italy. Amadolobha eJalimane kokuba oluqinisayo yangaphakathi, ngokuthi Burg. Babefanele imithetho yabo neziqondiso.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Abantu zangenkathi lochazwe kakhulu kuyaqabukela wageza, ngoba babekholelwa ukuthi yena wayengemuva emanzini kungathelela ke.
• ELondon Ephakathi ngosuku olulodwa ziphonswe emgwaqweni amathani ayisihlanu indle.
• emadolobheni yangeNkathi Ephakathi yayinabantu abangaba kungekho eziseceleni kanye asphalt emigwaqeni. Abantu kwakudingeka bahambe phansi, embozwe abolile izidumbu zezilwane, ezilahliwe ukudla, indle. Ngakho, ukungcola ngokweqile emigwaqeni yaseLondon kwaholela ukuvela okukhethekile esisha sabantu abangenandaba bahlanza indle kanye nenye imfucumfucu. Laba bantu okuthiwa Zolotarev, njengoba i-umsebenzi ezingcolile benza zakhokhelwa imali eningi.