Ikheshi Social - ke ... ncono kwesive emphakathini wanamuhla

Ngokuba akakho phakathi kwethu uyazi ukuthi kukhona okuthiwa isitebhisi yezenhlalakahle kunoma imuphi umphakathi. Lena yokwehlayo indawo izigaba wakhe ngamunye sabantu. Ezinye iqembu yezenhlalakahle isitebhisi ngenhla, ezinye - kancane. Abanye abantu ukuphila kwabo konke ungashiyi imingcele stratum sabo senhlalo. Bathi ume phezu rừng efanayo isitebhisi. Abanye ukugibela noma behle ngalo. Nokho, ukunyakaza kancane kakhulu.

Umqondo ikheshi nomphakathi

Kunoma nasemphakathini abakhona izimfanelo ezithile evumela ukuhamba okusheshayo phakathi kwabantu ungqimba kwenye. Kahle kahle, lokhu kuhamba iqondiswa phezulu. Nakuba zikhona izimo sokuhambisa okungazelelwe ezingeni eliphansi. Lena ikheshi nomphakathi. Incazelo yaleli umqondo wanikezwa Pitirim Sorokin. Lokhu sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Russian-American ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ihlaziye ukunyakaza ezahlukene namaqembu omphakathi isimo. Kulokhu, Sorokin yabalelwa, lapho amacala ethutha idatha kuzovumela umuntu sikhule kulempilo. Imfundiso bekulokhu obukholisayo kakhulu, njengoba iye ukwesulwa imvelo - muntu, ubani uyinzalo umndeni ingcweti zokudakwa owayehlala edolobhaneni elincane enyakatho Russian.

Sorokin wagomela ngokuthi indoda, ukuze zikhule, kudingeka ubheke kusiteshi sakho ukuhamba (social ikheshi). Lokhu kuzovumela angabacwasi ngokushesha ukushintsha isimo ekhona.

iziteshi mobile

Ngokusho theory Sorokin sika, ezahlukene ngokuphelele umuntu ngamunye kungaba ikheshi nomphakathi. Izinhlobo iziteshi ukuhamba ihlanganisa nohlu izinto ezilandelayo:

- kwempi;

- esontweni;

- imfundo (esikoleni);

- umndeni;

- ibhizinisi (impahla).

Ngo iziteshi lanamuhla ukuhamba ungeze umphakathi, ezemidlalo, ezombusazwe, kanye art. Wonke umuntu ofuna bashintshe isimo sabo, kufanele uthole ikheshi sabo senhlalo. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukusebenzisa lonke indlela yokwenyuka bese uqale ezihambayo. Yiqiniso, ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa ikheshi kanye izitebhisi. Nokho, kuzothatha isikhathi sakho esiningi futhi kungaba inqubo eyisicefe kakhulu.

izinhlobo ukuhamba

Guqula iqembu noma umuntu ekilasini yabo noma indawo emphakathini kungaba kokubili enezingqimba futhi mpo. Uhlobo lokuqala ukuhamba iyona inguqulelo komunye isikhundla emphakathini kwenye. Lokhu ngamakheshi kwezenhlalo, izibonelo zalokho - ushintsho ubuzwe, itjhuguluko emphakathini izinkolo.

Ngu ukuhamba ehloselwe abantu ukunyakaza mpo (phezulu noma phansi) ukuba isitebhisi. Liphinde kufakwe welithi "ikheshi nomphakathi". Izibonelo ukunyakaza okunjalo:

- ukukhuthazwa (ukuhamba phezulu);

- esiphansi (ukuhamba phansi).

On the iziteshi mpo futhi enezingqimba isimo ushintsho bathonywe izinto ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwabo, kwabantu labantu kanye ezingeni yokufa, wenzalo, ubudala nobulili. Kukwenza ncono kwesive, intsha zisebenzisa kakhulu. Funa bashintshe isimo sabo futhi amadoda amaningi. I ukuhamba elinganiselwe bahlanganisa ikakhulu abantu abadala futhi abesifazane.

Inguquko komunye ungqimba kwenye inkampani kungase kwenziwe noma iqembu, noma kunguwe wedwa. Libuye zommbila nomphakathi. Izinhlobo ukuhamba kuleli cala sehlukaniswe kwabantu kanye namaqembu.

zommbila sabaqashi zenhlalo ezikhona endabeni lombhalo ezikhona, uhlanga, ekilasini, noma amanye amalungelo. Kulokhu, lo ephansi ezifundwa amaqembu abantu abahlala bayakwazi ukuhlela ukuvukela ukususa izithibelo ezikhona ngenxa yalo. Lokhu kuzovumela collective ekhuphukela a rừng ephakeme esitebhisini nomphakathi. Izibonelo zalolu hlobo ncono kwesive ingatholakala kulo lonke emlandweni wesintu. Lokhu abapristi lombhalo wathola ukuphakama kunezilwane Varna amaqhawe eNdiya yasendulo, kanye ukuvelela amaBolshevik emva Okthoba Revolution langaphambilini isimo bobukhosi yezikhulu.

ngamakheshi zezomlando nezenhlalo zamanje nazo zihlanganisa umqondo ukuhamba phezulu. Nokho, izincazelo kunikezwa alikho umongo inkonzo. Ukushintsha isimo umuntu othile noma iqembu siqondwa njengoba ushintsho kule nezicukuthwane.

Iziteshi eyinhloko ukuhamba

Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi zabantu kusukela isigaba esisodwa zenhlalo kwelinye ikhona kuwo wonke amazwe. Ngezinye izikhathi usebenzisa ilifthi nomphakathi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba sifishane nohambo kusukela omunye komunye izitebhisi.

Yini iziteshi ezikhona ukuhamba ezinjalo? Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i kwegazi yezenhlalakahle sezivuma iqhaza izikhungo ezahlukene. Ohlwini kwabo iziteshi okunabileko. Leli libutho nebandla, isikole, kanye nezomnotho, ezohwebo kanye nezinhlangano zezombusazwe. Lezi zommbila yokuzijabulisa isici kunoma yimuphi umphakathi.

ibutho

Okubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sikhungo has ngesikhathi sempi siye saba. Lawa izikhathi uma kukhona civil kanye inter-state ezimpini. On okuphumelela impi kuncike ngqo isiphetho emphakathini wonke. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi isimo senhlalo babe amasosha. Isibindi sabo ithalente amasu ikakhulukazi lwesayensi ngezikhathi ezinjalo. Intuthuko umyalo ezinhlwini aphansi empini eqhubekayo, njengoba umthetho, ebukhoneni ubuholi ithalente. Igunya enikezwa abantu abanjalo, bese isetshenziswa ukuqhubekela phambili isikhundla esiphakeme umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela nawe ababaphangileko, okuziphindiselela, ukubathobisa izitha zabo, kanye ukuthola ephezulu iphrofayela izihloko, ageze ukunethezeka kube maphakathi yemikhosi abaqhoshayo. Army kulokhu simele ikheshi nomphakathi. Lokhu kuvumela abavamile ukuba babe ojenene, ukwamukela isimo izikhulu Amakhosi, bomashiqela futhi ababusi bezwe. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaningi abasendleleni isimo aristocrats lokuzalwa, amakhosi nababusi, iziqu zabo, futhi isikhundla emphakathini bokulahlekelwa.

izibonelo ezinjalo ukuhamba eziningi emphakathini. Ziyakwazi ngokoqobo okugcwele komlando. Ngakho, i-Ababusi nabaholi waba kuzo izinhloko zezizwe zabantwana alwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ayisishiyagalolunye nambili bamaRoma amathathu nesithupha Usufike izinga eliphezulu enjalo kuphela ngenxa inkonzo yakhe ebuthweni.

Izibonelo ukuhamba othile wezenhlalo yabantu waphawula phakathi izimpi yesimanje. abaholi Abaningi izimpi zombango ngamazwe ahlomile akhwela ngokushesha isikhundla esiphakeme emsebenzini. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo omningi bempi ababezishaya abakhonza bahlulwa, zehliswa ezikhundleni, ngaphandle, naba yizigqila, ngamanye amazwi, kwehle kakhulu, wenza ukunyakaza ezansi ikheshi ibutho womphakathi.

Ngokuphathelene neminyaka ukuthula, indima kulesi siteshi ukuhamba phezulu ezikhathini kancane. Nokho, ukukhula umsebenzi kukhona, yebo, futhi kule nkathi.

isonto

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, ukuhamba nezenhlalakahle isiteshi kwaba yesibili ebaluleke kunazo zonke. Nokho, indima yayo esiphezulu esontweni edlala kuphela kulezo nezikhathi lapho yayo indima social kuchuma. Lokhu kufakazelwa umlando wobuKristu. Ngalezo zikhathi, lapho kwakukhona nokwanda okusheshayo yeSonto ukubaluleka, kuyindlela elula kakhulu ukushintsha isimo sezenhlalo. Ngalesi ukuhamba isiteshi nezigqila wazibuza yona futhi serfs. Futhi emqansweni kwenziwa ngezinye izikhathi kuze banezikhundla eziningi.

Lokhu ngokuvamile ikheshi social isibe izindlela umzabalazo phansi. Isibonelo salokhu kukhona izihlubuki, amaqaba, izigebengu futhi izitha weBandla. Bonke kwabhujiswa, nezimvaba zonakale noma nengalo yomthetho. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ohlwini laba bantu ziye zehliswa ezikhundleni amakhosi nezikhulu eziphakeme, izikhulu leziphathamandla, okungukuthi, amalungu ukhomba ngophakathi.

ukuhamba Social emphakathini wanamuhla futhi zihlanganisa Church. Nokho, ukubaluleka nokuphumelela kwaleso indima ukuhamba izimali bezilokhu ukunqaba. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi izitebhisi esontweni, amagugu wangaphambili ungakakwenzi kakade.

izinhlangano zenkolo

Iqhaza kudlalwa hhayi kuphela yisonto lift kwezenhlalo emphakathini. It akunakubangelwa imisebenzi yezinye izinhlangano zenkolo. uhlu Bahlanganisa namahlelo ubuJuda ubuTao, amahlelo, etc ... Ezikhathini okwandisa ithonya labo, bavumela amalungu enkolo yabo ukuba zikhule, hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi sikhungo, kodwa futhi nomphakathi wonkana. Lokhu kwanika ithuba labo abantu ababenezinkinga umsuka elula, ifike rungs eliphakeme emphakathini. A laba ubufakazi obucacile bokuba lena ukuphila Muhammad nabalandeli bakhe bokuqala.

esikoleni

Uhlelo ncono kwesive ngaso sonke isikhathi kufakwe zemfundo nokuqeqesha. Kulawo mazwe, lapho isikole iyatholakala zonke izingxenye zomphakathi, it is a iziteshi ezinhle mobile nokuhamba phezulu. Uma lokhu kumiswa engakutholi ubani ke ingafaniswa ikheshi, ezihambayo kuphela izitezi kwesakhiwo yomphakathi.

Izibonelo ncono kwesive, lapho ukunyakaza kwenzeka yonkana mpo, lezizifo sizibona ikakhulukazi emazweni yesimanje European. Kulezi uthi, akekho kungathatha iyiphi gqamile khundla, hhayi iziqu enyuvesi noma ekolishi. Abathweswa iziqu, nge-diploma kakhulu, uyakwazi kalula ukuhambisa isikhundla esiphakeme kwezenhlalo futhi abanezikhundla wemfanelo, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi yabo.

ezifundwa amaqembu abantu abahlala ukuhamba okuphansi - labo abangenayo diploma ngokuthola ulwazi olufanele. Kubantu abanjalo, inombolo ukuzibonakalisa avaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wabo, uma kuqhathaniswa umsebenzi ochwepheshe abafanelekayo, okumele ikhokhwe emva kwesikhathi.

Sikhungo zommbila kwezenhlalo emphakathini wanamuhla ukunikeza kalula esanele sokuhamba. Leli qiniso kuqondwe eziningi. Shono inani labo abafisa ukungena emanyuvesi nasemakolishi ukhula kancane.

Izibonelo ncono kwesive, okuyinto kungenzeka ekulungiseleleni ulwazi oluthile, baningi. Nokho, okuphawuleka kakhulu sazo umphakathi lombhalo we eNdiya yasendulo. Ngaziphebeza isikhathi ukhona, ulwazi, kanye nososayensi Ukulinganiswa okusezingeni eliphezulu ikakhulukazi. Baze waphakanyiselwa ukuzalwa yesibili, zibaluleke ngaphezu ukuzalwa ngokomzimba.

izinhlangano zezombusazwe

Zonke izinhlangano - amaqembu ezombusazwe kuhulumeni - ungomunye iziteshi we ukuhamba ngabanye. Ukukhuthaza isitebhisi yezenhlalakahle emazweni amaningi kwanele ukungena umphakathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho ngempela kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhambisa isikhundla esiphakeme umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onobhala noma izikhulu zakhe zokusebenza zenani ikakhulukazi kakhulu, babe nethuba ukululama ngokushesha ngosizo ikheshi nomphakathi.

Leli qiniso kuqinisekiswa umlando. Abantu abaningi azalelwe imindeni ababazi, abalimi noma izinceku bakwazi usukume futhi ukuthatha evelele kunazo zonke izikhundla emphakathini. Le ndlela kungabonakala nasemkhakheni namuhla. Indlela umsebenzi lezinombolo eziningi zomphakathi saqala Bureaucrat eliphansi.

izinhlangano professional

Libuye omunye mpo iziteshi ukuhamba. Ukuze izinhlangano professional akunakubangelwa izikhungo etemibhalo yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni kwezobuciko. Ngena ngemvume kubo mahhala bonke nge ikhono elithile. Kulokhu, isimo sabo emphakathini akusho lutho. Isiteshi mobile isibe indlela ephakamisa odokotela abaningi nososayensi, abameli, abaculi, abadlali, abahlabeleli nokunye. D.

hlobo lwezimbali izikhungo professional kanye nohlobo ebalulekile lift social ukubhala. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla esiyibonayo indima elandayo cindezela. Igama ephrintiwe kusiza ukuqinisekisa amahle ama-career ungumuntu ohamba phambili kunabo.

Izinhlangano ukuthi umnotho

Kungakhathaliseki amafomu ethize of kokucetshiswa, lezi zinhlangano kunoma imuphi umphakathi kukhona zommbila yezenhlalakahle ukuze ephakamisa ngabanye thwi. Abaholi zabantu acebile abe ngaphezulu izizwe lasekuqaleni. Futhi lo mkhuba kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kulo lonke emlandweni wesintu. Isifaniso phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini cefe nomsindo kuphela ngezikhathi ezingavamile, isib, ngesikhathi linemibhikisho. Nokho, lesi simo kuzophela maduzane. Abampofu ubazi ngempela nika amagugu. Izindlela ukwenza lokhu zingase zihluke, kuze kube nomkhonyovu nokuhlukumeza. Futhi abantu abaye baba ocebile, ukuthenga noma bafeza izinzuzo.

Isibonelo esimangalisayo lokhu kwaba ukwanda kwe-class wobunxiwankulu. Ekuveleni kwakhe waqala ukufuna izikhundla eziphakeme, labo kwadingeka imali. ekilasini eqaphelekayo amvusa kwezakhi engezansi umphakathi nje njengoba abanesibindi manjalo wafikelwa Knights.

umndeni

Omunye ezivamile iziteshi ngabanye ukuhamba umshado nge umelele isimo sezenhlalo ngaphezulu. Imiphumela yalokhu kungaba okabili. Ngezinye izikhathi umshado kuholela ukuvelela komuntu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - ukuze nokucekelwa yayo. Ezinsukwini ubudala, umshado wangena namalungu stratum engezansi umphakathi, kwaholela ekuweni oda kwezenhlalo, ababethi esiphakeme. Ngokwesibonelo, eRoma, kwathiwa esigunyazwe yokuthi ngenceku umfazi khulula yena waba yisigqila.

isiphetho

Ngaphezu kwazo zonke lezi zikhona ezinye iziteshi eziningi. Ngazo zonke izikhathi, nezinqolobane zommbila yezenhlalakahle kokuthutha ukugeleza abantu benyuka umphakathi mpo. Kodwa lowo ayizange izame ngisho nokuzama ukufaka enye yalezi ngamakheshi, kuze kube phakade bahlale kwezakhi aphansi.

zommbila Social akhona kunoma yimuphi umphakathi. Sinenkosi ezihlukile futhi izikali, kodwa kudingeka umusa ngezinga elifanayo njengoba imithambo yegazi yomuntu eziphilayo.