Uyini interactionism lingokomfanekiso?

Ngo wesimanje lwezenhlalo isayensi, kukhona eminye imibono abanye ngempela ezinkulu ezingaba ngokuthi paradigmatic. Interactionism esingokomfanekiso - omunye zalezi zinkolelo-mbono, ogxile yokuthi ekuxhumaneni (ekuhlanganyeleni) zabantu emphakathini zenzeka esebenzisa zokuxhumana, okuyinto esekelwe ukukhiqizwa futhi aqaphele izinhlamvu ezithile. Indoda iphendula umfutho zezwe ezingokwemvelo nezenhlalo zangaphandle ngokungaqondile, uhumusha ngokoqobo ngokusebenzisa izithombe, izimpawu, izimpawu, futhi baxhumana lezi izimpawu kule nqubo ye kuchumana emkhatsini webantfu. interactionism esingokomfanekiso, abameleli abavelele balo okwakukhona ososayensi American zezenhlalo John. G. Mead (1863-1931) kanye G. Bloomer (1900-1986), ihlaziya kwezinto ekuxhumaneni komphakathi kokuqukethwe kwabo ongokomfanekiso. Umqondo oyisisekelo lo mbono - nokuxhumana (Ukuxhumana) okuyinto ukushintshana izinhlamvu.

J. interactionism ongokomfanekiso. Mead kusekelwe yokuthi umfanekiso ngokoqobo ngabanye kunqunywa nakho kwakhe nabanye abantu, futhi ikakhulukazi umbono izwe, wena kanye nabanye abantu, kangangokuba kwaba umbono ofanele kanye namagugu ongokomfanekiso ngokoqobo yezenhlalakahle yabanye. Ngokusho umphakathi Johane. Meade futhi ngabanye nomphakathi (social "Mina") ngokomthetho e isethi izinqubo interindividual ekuhlanganyeleni. Esingokomfanekiso interactionism mbono uphawu kungasho into, umcimbi noma mkhuba, futhi ihilela abanye isimo sabantu ke, okuyinto ungaboniswa ezithile imisebenzi yomphakathi ezifanele umlingisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphawu - liyindlela lapho abantu bengaphila khona ukuxhumana ukuxhumana nabanye. ongokomfanekiso interactionism e kwabantu okusekelwe zokuziphatha kwabantu, lapho izimpawu "ebonakalayo" ukuthi zinokwaziswa okunenjongo kubantu.

Okufanela ezinkulu kaJohane. Mead kuyinto wahlakulela indima-ukudlala ubuntu ithiyori, owawuthi ngazinye, okwakhe kanye netimphawu ethize zinqunywa ngokusebenzisa elisebenzisekayo izindima sakhe sezenhlalo nemisebenzi yomuntu kulokhu inhlanganisela izindima sakhe sezenhlalo, elathunjwa ohlelweni ulimi izimpawu nezinye ezingokomfanekiso izinhlelo. Ngokusebenzisa inqubo ukwamukelwa izindima social yomuntu eba yobuntu bakhe - ikhono lomuntu ukuba eme njengoba into yakhe yokucabanga.

selfhood womuntu ekuthuthukisweni yayo has izigaba ezimbili:

1) isigaba yomdlalo, lapho ingane iqala ukudlala indima okungekhona okwakhe siqu (uthisha, udokotela, umshayeli);

2) Umncintiswano esiteji, uma onengxenye emncintiswaneni, ingane ubona yena emehlweni nezinye izingane.

Noma yimuphi iqembu komphakathi . Yikuphi okuhle kunika umuntu umuzwa inhlangano, J. Mead ubiza lokhu: "generalized nezinye." Umuntu ngamunye ubona yena ngokuya "generalized nezinye."

Umlandeli futhi ndi kaJohane. Mead usosayensi yaseMelika uHerbert Blumer bahlakulele postulates eziyisisekelo le mfundiso. Ngu G. Bloomer interactionism ongokomfanekiso kusekelwe ezimisweni ezintathu eziyisisekelo:

1) Umuntu nje uzothatha isinyathelo ngesisekelo amagugu, awunika izinto, imicimbi kanye izenzakalo, kunokuba umane basabela zangaphandle kokuvusayo zemvelo nezenhlalo yomphakathi;

2) Amanani esingokomfanekiso kungukuthi njengoba fixed, njalo, pre-zavela, zidalwe kanjani, ziphenduke futhi ushintsho ekuxhumaneni;

3) amanani esingokomfanekiso zibangelwa ukwelashwa kwenziwe ukuxhumana timongcondvo (nokuxhumana).

Ezinkondlweni zakhe G. Bloomer cabanga ngemininingwane ukuziphatha wabantu, ogxile izindinganiso ezazivamile, izimpawu, okulindele wabelane yiqembu nomphakathi. Lena avame ukuziphatha abazi abantu eqenjini, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi nokuguqulwa iqembu kuziphatha, njengokuthi isenzo isixuku, ukwethuka, njll Lokhu ukuziphatha kungenzeka izimo ukwephulwa yamanani samukelwa, amafomu evamile khona. G. Bloomer, kanye namaqembu nokuguqulwa ngatadisha amafomu ezinzile indlela yokuziphatha emphakathini - ukunyakaza komphakathi, kanye ukunyakaza futhi imvuselelo ubuzwe, nenhlangano isakhiwo ecacile futhi kwakhiwa ngesisekelo ezindinganisweni ezifanayo.