IMpi Enkulu Northern 1700-1721: izenzakalo main, izigaba kanye nabalingisi

Omkhulu Northern War of 1700-1721., Welulekela ngaleyo minyaka engaba ikhulu ikota, hhayi kuphela kwaba isikhathi sesibili emlandweni isimo isiRashiya, kodwa futhi ushintshe zithwala enkundleni ngamazwe. IRussia hhayi kuphela umshini esidayisa noLwandle iBaltic futhi ukwandisa insimu yalo, kodwa futhi zayiswa isikhundla phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu, eyayintula manje kubhekwe emhlabeni.

Inqubomgomo Foreign kaPetru Mina, izimbangela zempi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Tsar uPetru wakhushulwa yesihlalo sobukhosi kudala njengoba eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, egcwele izintambo wathatha izintambo kuphela 1689. Ngalesi sikhathi e Grand Embassy of inkosi osemusha uye wakwazi ukuthola ngaphandle kwe-Russia nase uzizwe umehluko. Eminyakeni 1695-1696 ezingaphezu kuka abanolwazi Tsar ashisekela izinguquko wanquma bazikala nge yoMbuso WaseTurkey futhi waqala imikhankaso Azov. Eminye imigomo sekufinyelelwe kuso, ke lathunjwa inqaba Azov, ukulawula ke kuvikelwe imingcele oseningizimu isimo, kodwa ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okugcwele kuya Black Sea uPetru akazange aphumelele.

Ukuguqula ibutho nokudala lwemikhumbi zanamuhla, uPetru nganquma ukubuyela elizweni lakibo futhi ukufinyelela khona oLwandle iBaltic, okwenza Russia amandla zasolwandle. Ingria futhi Karelia, okuyinto sinqatshiwe Swedish noma kufika izinkinga, unganikeli ukuphumula nenkosi-wezinguquko. Kwakukhona nesinye isimo - wona kanye "ehlombe abandayo" e Riga ithimba Russian ephethwe uPetru. Ngakho, iMpi Northern 1700-1721, izenzakalo main owaguqula inkambo emlandweni wezwe, kwaba-Russia isinqumo zezombusazwe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ngodumo.

Ukuqala ngxabano

Ngo-1699 yena yanikezelwa Northern Alliance phakathi Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Denmark, Saxony, futhi embusweni Russian. Injongo ndawonye kwakungasekelwe ndawo ukuba buthaka Sweden, omunye amandla ezinethonya kunazo ngesikhathi. Izwe ngalinye siphishekela izithakazelo zayo futhi kwadingeka izimangalo indawo ngokumelene abaseSweden. Omkhulu Northern neMpi 1700-1721 kafushane izingxenye izinkathi emine eyinhloko.

Isikhathi 1700-1706 GG. - ngowokuqala futhi kuphumelele kakhulu eRussia. Ngo 1700 kwaba khona impi yokuqala Narva, lapho amabutho Russian anqotshwa. Khona-ke isinyathelo sezempi sekudlule ezandleni yilabo abaphikisana nazo. Ngo 1706, Russian wanqoba amabutho Swedish-Polish ngaphansi Kalisz. Peter Ngazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukushiya umbimbi Agasti II - King-Commonwealth, kodwa inkosi Swedish namanje esehlukanisa womanyano. Russia wasala yedwa neviyo lemikhumbi elinamandla futhi ibutho Charles XII.

Eyesibili isigaba besizukulwane seMpi Northern

IMpi Enkulu Northern 1700-1721, izenzakalo main okuyizinto ezihlobene ukuphikiswa kuphela amabutho Swedish-Russian futhi mabutho wathuthela esigabeni esilandelayo. 1707 -1709 iminyaka. It lingachazwa ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo yonke le impi Russian-Swedish yesibili. Kwaba nenkathi yoshintsho. Ngamunye izinhlangothi ezilwayo ezakheka lungamandla abo anda ubukhulu balelo butho nezinye izikhali. Karl XII kwadingeka umbono ukuze uthwebule kwezinye izindawo Russian. Kodwa ekugcineni Ngangifuna dismember ngokuphelele Russia.

Russian Tsar yena, waphupha aseBaltic kanye ukunwetshwa izindawo zabo. Nokho, lesi simo international, amukeleke abaphikisi. United Kingdom akanikezanga usizo eRussia futhi ngazo zonke izindlela enkundleni ngamazwe ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa zezombusazwe e-Sweden. Omkhulu Northern War of 1700-1721. It yaba yizinto ezivamile ezikhathazayo zombili, kodwa ngesikhathi ngokulinganisela ukuxolelana noyedwa mithi abuhlangananga.

Lapho eya imingcele Russia, amabutho Swedish matasa insimu zensimu, uhlela ukuthuthela Smolensk. Ngo-August 1708 abaseSweden wahlupheka ukunqotshwa eziningana Tactical futhi wanquma ukuya Ukraine, ngokusekelwa Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Kodwa iningi lama-abalimi Ukraine futhi Cossacks nje ukuqonda abaseSweden njengoba laba bahlaseli, babanike ukumelana jikelele. Ngo-June 1709 kwaba khona impi ka Poltava, okuyinto ngosuku olwaba ingqopha-empini. Peter mina ojenene bakhe wahlulwa abaseSweden. UCharles Mazepa wabalekela Turkey, kodwa ngenqaba ukusayina lacela umaluju. Ngakho, iMpi Northern 1700-1721, izenzakalo main ezenzeka ensimini ka-Russia, Sweden empeleni elahlekile.

Isikhathi wesithathu ngxabano

Kusukela 1710-1718 GG. esigabeni wesithathu udweshu phakathi kwala mazwe womabili. Izenzakalo Northern War of 1700-1721. lesi sikhathi kwakungekho kancane okukhulu. Ngo 1710, ke uqalisiwe ukhona Northern Alliance. Futhi Sweden, e akwazi ukudonselwa impi Turkey. Ngo 1710 ke iqale impi ngo-Russia, ngaleyo ndlela kuthathe isikhathi bayibutho elikhulu ku ngokwabo futhi singavumeli uPetru ukuba uyogalela esiwujuqu abaseSweden.

Okungenani, lesi sinyathelo kungenziwa ngokuthi inkathi yezimpi zamanxusa, kusukela impi esemqoka iqhutshwe eziseceleni. IGreat Britain ubezama buthaka Russia hhayi lona ukuba bahlasele Europe. Futhi eRussia, Okwamanje, ukusungula oxhumana zezombusazwe waseFrance. Ngo 1718, isivumelwano ukuthula kungalondolozwa ngemvume, kodwa nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo Charles XII ngesikhathi evimbezela phansi inqaba Norway, kwaholela ekubeni ashintshe indlela ka uPhilip futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile kwaphoqa ukusayinwa ukuthula. Ngakho, iMpi Northern 1700-1721, kafushane futhi evamile ihlukaniswe 4 izigaba, akazange athembisa ukunqoba Sweden kudala njengoba 1718, kodwa Queen Ulrika Eleonora wayenethemba lokuthi usizo ngaphandle.

Esigabeni sokugcina imisebenzi yezempi kuleli neMpi Northern

Esigabeni sokugcina ezempi - 1718-1721 GG. - mlando wachazwa ngokuthi inkathi yokwenziwa. ubutha obusebenzayo hhayi olwenziwa iminyaka emithathu. Ukungena UK impi ohlangothini Sweden wanika ithemba lokugcina abahlanganyeli ekunqobeni kwakhe kungenzeka. Ukuze ukunikeza Russia kuphela ukwakha isizinda kuleli emazweni aseBaltic, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba wayekulungele uyephuza empini. Kodwa usizo lwangempela amabutho British babengenalo abasekeli, futhi ngoxhaxha Russian wahlulwa eziqhingini Saaremaa futhi Grengam futhi imikhankaso eziningana yimpumelelo wayala amabutho Russian. Umphumela waba ukusayinwa iSivumelwano Nystad.

Imiphumela neMpi Northern

Omkhulu Northern neMpi 1700-1721, izenzakalo main okwaholela ukunqotshwa okuphelele Sweden, isibe "ifasitela eYurophu", okuyinto hhayi kuphela alethwe Russia ezingeni olusha lomhlaba wonke, kodwa nayo inikeze ithuba lokwenza ukuncintisana enkundleni yomhlaba ne athuthukile kuyinto engemukelekile European.

Czarist Russia waba umbuso. IRussia baqashelwa enkundleni ngamazwe. Ifaka bomdabu endaweni Russian kanye nokufinyelela aseBaltic zenzeka. Futhi kwaba nomphumela ukusungulwa amadolobha amasha, kuhlanganise Petersburg. Kuyaphawuleka zandisa izimo ezingaba asolwandle isimo. IRussia yingxenye ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele.