Sikolo eqenjini kuhle abantu. Kodwa isikhathi sihamba, nasekwazini ukhohlwe. Cela othile ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi noma amabili ngemva nezindaba iziqu njengoba isayensi etadisha Yiqiniso yentuthuko emphakathini wabantu, akuyona yokuthi uzothola impendulo. Futhi ilula ngokwedlulele: igama layo kuyinto - umlando. Ake sibheke-ke ngo-ukujula ngokwengeziwe, uvuselele ulwazi olujwayelekile, siyowuqonda, yini indima yesayensi e ekukhuleni komphakathi, Tindlelanchubo uphenyo futhi ukufunda, futhi eziningi nezinye izinkinga. Phela, abakukhumbulayok umlando, kunzima kakhulu ukuphatha.
ulwazi olujwayelekile
Ekuqaleni, isayensi etadisha Yiqiniso yentuthuko emphakathini wabantu, akuyona luthathwe kanjalo. It akhiwa kwebuciko nelitheretja. Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wasemlandweni wayengumprofethi ukukhazimulisa ababusi abahlukahlukene futhi izindaba mayelana nezindaba zabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, okwase kubhalwe eyesikhumba kanye zemihla papyrus, imilando kanye biography. Ngo zamaGreki, kwaba kushukumisa umlando Clio. Igama layo livela egameni "udumo", okuyinto usinikeza umqondo walokho-ke kwaba ukubaluleka kwayo. Izincwadi zomlando zwe lanamuhla libonakala ukuhlolwa ongakhethi. Kodwa ukubhala abantu bakhe, ngakho akunakwenzeka njalo. esivumelwaneni ngendaba umlando. Lokhu isayensi ye ekukhuleni komphakathi has izincazelo mayelana 30. Ngezindlela eziningi, bacabanga emhlabeni ukuthonywa yomuntu imibono yakhe zefilosofi. Futhi, indaba - isayensi imithetho ekukhuleni komphakathi. It ikuvumela ukuba acabangele amaphutha esikhathi esidlule, ukwenza kahle kakhulu manje nasesikhathini esizayo.
izindlela
Yini osondela usebenzisa isayensi ukuthi etadisha Yiqiniso yentuthuko yomphakathi wesintu? Uma sikhulumela umuntu emi phezu isikhundla izinto, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi umlando ukutadisha amaphethini athile ukuthuthukiswa ukuthi ukuwenzisisa ngohlaka isikhala-time. Ngo indlela kaMarx, ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa zabasebenzi, izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nokusentshenziswa umsebenti wetemnotfo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucabangela izimo ezihlukahlukene zomlando ezifana ubuhlobo emazweni ahlukahlukene, engaphelele yomzabalazo wezigaba, ezindawo nezinye izifundo. Kukhona onezinkolo indlela ekutadisheni izinqubo. Akenzi ukuphika ukuthi imbangela evamile nokuthuthuka komuntu emlandweni, futhi ithobela umqondo ukuthi wenza ezicini eziningana ezahlukene phezu Inkampani. Nazo ngokufanayo, kulawulwa amaqembu nomphakathi nezinhlangano.
indlela yesayensi
Yimiphi indlela isetshenziswa umuntu, kukhona eziningi izici ezivamile. Ngokwesibonelo, ezifundweni basebenzisa ama-apharathasi zesayensi kanye nezigaba ezithile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yokugcina umqondo "isikhathi zomlando". Kulesi isigaba libhekene umcimbi ngokungenasizathu ngokuya isikhathi kanye nendawo senzo. Umlando yenqubo ubonakala ukunyakaza phakathi izenzakalo ezahlukene. Futhi, isayensi ukuthi etadisha Yiqiniso yentuthuko emphakathini wabantu, isebenza kuphela amaqiniso. Bakha ngesisekelo solwazi. Kuyinto ba nokuthi abantu bayokwahlulelwa kanjani zonke imiqondo nezinkolelo. Ukuthembeka amaqiniso kuxhomeke kakhulu ukuqonda ngokoqobo zomlando inqubo ukuthuthukiswa. Ngakho ake uzinike lekubukana nemfundzi ngamunye.
elingokomlando
Lo mqondo kubhekwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Isenzakalo eyenzekile.
- reflection wakhe kwezesayensi zomlando.
kukhona ukuhlobana okuseduze phakathi kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye amaqiniso anganikeza umfundi ulwazi oluncane kakhulu, ngakho angenza noma yini bayiqonda ngokugcwele indlela. Ngakho-ke, bajwayele nge "amazwana" ezithile ezinikeza mlando. Okwakushiwo okuqukethwe incike ukubukwa ngemibono-theory kanye nama-jikelele ngokwesayensi. Ngakho-ke, umthelela isayensi emphakathini akufanele ithathwe kancane. Indoda abasafufusa isayensi uthola umphumela impendulo. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba sifinyelele iqiniso ngokomlando? Cha, akunjalo. Shintsha imibono yabantu ngeqiniso. Isayensi ikhulela ukuqaphela lingaphelele noma isihlobo ukuba ifomu yokubika idatha neliphelele ngokwengeziwe futhi kunembile. Kodwa ungabali ku iqiniso eliphelele. Ngempela, kuyilapho kukhona umphakathi, esahlukweni sokugcina umlando namanje letawubhalwa.
imithombo
Ziyakwazi ezidingekayo indaba, isayensi imithetho yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle ungase ziphenduke futhi ngcono, nokusinikeza ulwazi oluphelele kakhulu futhi kunembile. Ingabe 6 amaqembu imithombo:
- Ukubhala. Le mithombo abizwa ngokuthi izikhumbuzo epigraphic, graffiti, imibhalo yesandla birchbark nasemibhalweni yesandla yamuva.
- Real. Lezi zihlanganisa amathuluzi, izinto, izingubo, izinto zasekhaya, ubucwebe, imali ewuhlweza, izinsalela zokuhlala, izikhali nokunye.
- Ethnographic. Izinsalela futhi izinsalela ukuphila lasendulo ukuthi ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla.
- Temdzabu. Lokhu inganekwane - izingoma, legends, inganekwane, amazwi, izaga kanye nokunye.
- NeziLimi. Amagama abo, amagama ezindawo, nokunye okunjalo.
- Film nezithombe.
Ukutadisha umlando
Singabantu kakade ujwayelene ulwazi oluningi. Ngakho-ke, usazise ukuthi isayensi study ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi wesintu kusukela iphuzu ucwaningo umbono. Ekuqaleni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi inkulumo ethi "Umlando" Kukhona Izincazelo ezimbili. Esokuqala lisetshenziselwa ukubonisa nesikhathi inqubo (umuntu noma emphakathini wonke). Okwakushiwo yesibili sihlanganisa isayensi, okuyinto ihlola zonke umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama kanye izici le nqubo. ukubaluleka Omkhulu kuleli cala eyadlalwa izici zendawo ukuthuthukisa isimo. Futhi ungathintana angazizibi ukuthuthukiswa impucuko. Ngu ukuthi ungakwazi ukuqonda izici eziningana. Ngakho, "nempucuko" ingasetshenziswa lapho bekhuluma izwi "isiko". Lusebenza leli gama libhekisela ezingeni yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle, futhi kwakheka isiko ezingokomoya nezingokwenyama.
isiphetho
Emlandweni wesayensi kubalulekile izakhamuzi kunoma isiphi isimo. Ababusi amazwe ngosizo yayo lokwati kulibona eziningi amaphutha nahlukane nabo, abantu ngeke sivumele iziphathimandla eziphukuphukwini ongabhubhisa eziningi izindlela zomphakathi. Yiqiniso, umlando kuphela ukwazi akwanele ukwakheka agcwele umuntu. Kodwa kungaba isisekelo esihle. Khumbula nje ukuthi izingane ezincane ufunde mayelana esidlule abazali babo, futhi yakhe, kodwa futhi ogogo nomkhulu kanye nezinye izihlobo hhayi kuphela. Kulezi izindaba esizukulwaneni esisha isusela ulwazi mayelana ukuthi baziphathe kanjani emphakathini, okuyinto onobuhle ukuxhumana avumelekile - kanye neminye imininingwane eminingi. Ngisho noma kungekho isifiso ukuya ezombusazwe, ngalesosikhathi you azi indaba. Okungenani ukuze ukwazi kokumethemba izinkinga futhi uma kunesidingo ukwenza wonke umzamo ukuze izinkinga ungazange abathintekayo isimo, futhi nalo, indoda.