Indlala iVolga esifundeni 1921-1922, e 1932-1933: izizathu. amaqiniso angokomlando

Indlala iVolga esifundeni - omunye izenzakalo ezishaqisayo kakhulu emlandweni kwekhulu lama-20 kazwelonke. Lapho ufunda ngakho, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi kwakunguSamuweli empeleni. Kubonakala sengathi izithombe ezithathwe ngesikhathi - kuyinto kwikhonsathi Hollywood kudoti-horror. Vela lapha amazimu, nazo izelelesi esizayo amaNazi futhi abaphangi amasonto, futhi wamazwe omkhulu polar. Maye, lena akuyona eqanjiwe, kodwa izenzakalo zangempela ezenzeka engaphansi kwekhulu edlule loMfula i-iVolga.

Indlala iVolga esifundeni Kwakunzima kakhulu kule minyaka 1921-22 futhi 1932-33. Nokho, zazihlukile nezizathu zalokho. Esimweni sokuqala, main kulo bayizinkulungwane sezulu anomalies, kanti eyesibili - izenzo iziphathimandla. Yekuchumana yalezi zenzakalo zizodingidwa okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko. Uzofunda indlela ezinesihluku kwaba khona indlala iVolga esifundeni. Izithombe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko - ubufakazi obuphathekayo a nhlekelele embi kangaka.

Ngesikhathi kubusa amaSoviet, yayiqhutshelwa abahlonishwayo "izindaba ezivela amasimu." Esikhathini ozimele izinhlelo izindaba iphephandaba emapheshana ukuthola indawo amathani amaningi zokusanhlamvu. Ngisho kwamanje ungabona izigcawu on iziteshi TV lesifunda anikezelwe lesi sihloko. Nokho, intwasahlobo kanye ebusika izakhamuzi eziningi edolobheni - nje usithe imigomo wezolimo. Tillers esiteshini ubuka ithelevishini kungase esekhala isomiso esinzima, lina kakhulu nezinye lezimanga nemvelo. Nokho, ngokuvamile sihlale abayizithulu lapho ezwa ngosizi lwabo. Ukutholakala isinkwa kanye neminye imikhiqizo manje kubhekwe i laphakade unikezwa, akufanele ingatshazwe. Izinhlekelele wezolimo ngezinye izikhathi ukukhulisa amanani ayo by kuphela ambalwa ruble. Kodwa engaphansi kwekhulu edlule, abakhileyo iVolga ndawo babekhuthele phakathi nenhlekelele zezenhlalakahle. Nakuba isinkwa zenani isisindo sayo ngegolide. Namuhla kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ezinzima Indlala iVolga esifundeni.

Izimbangela indlala 1921-22.

sokuvuna Abampofu 1920 kwaba nemfuneko lokuqala inhlekelele. Ngo iVolga eqoqwe poods-20 kuphela okusanhlamvu. Ukuze uqhathanise, inani ngo-1913 safinyelela amakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingu 146,4. nesomiso ezingakaze zibe khona. ulilethele entwasahlobo ka-1921. Kakade ngoMeyi, okusanhlamvu ebusika babulawa esifundazweni Samara, waqala ome entwasahlobo. Ukubukeka nesikhonyane ukudla kwezitshalo izinsalela, kanye ukuntuleka kwemvula sabulala cishe u-100% izitshalo by ekuqaleni kuka July. Ngenxa Indlala iVolga esifundeni. 1921 kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu iningi labantu ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Esifundazweni Samara, ezifana nokudla cishe 85% wesibalo sabantu.

Ngonyaka odlule ngenxa "isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona" zashaqwa kusukela abalimi, cishe zonke ukudla. Ngo ngezibhakela kokuquleka esenziwa ukucela, ukuze "nikeza" ngesisekelo. Omunye umhlali yakhokhwa imali nganoma yamanani setha nguhulumeni. "Ukucelwa" babenezinkinga yilo inqubo. Ukudla nethemba ukuhoxiswa noma ukudayiswa ophoqelelwe abalimi abaningi abazange. Futhi baqala ukuyisa "izinyathelo" izifo. "Ukulahlwa" kwayo yonke imithombo isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona okusanhlamvu - ke wawudayisa befisa ukuthola inzuzo, ngesikhathi esifanayo zibe kokudla kwezilwane e, badla ngokwabo, phisa ukwenziwa esekelwe noma umane ukufihla. "Prodrazvyorstka" ekuqaleni zisakazwa isinkwa notshwele aklaba. iminyaka Ngo 1919-20 kwenezelwa kuwo namanye inyama namazambane, futhi ekupheleni 1920 - cishe yonke imikhiqizo yezolimo. Abalimi emva insalela eningi 1920 ekwindla baphoqeleka ukuba adle amabele imbewu. Kakhulu geography ububanzi laligcwele by izifunda indlala. Lokhu iVolga (kusuka Udmurtia ukuba yoLwandle iCaspian), eningizimu manje eyi-Ukraine, ingxenye Kazakhstan, Yuzhnyy Ural.

izenzo Iziphathimandla '

Ezibucayi sasinjani isimo. I-USSR uhulumeni babengenalo alondoloza ukudla ukumisa indlala iVolga esifundeni ngo-1921. It kwadingeka bayocela usizo emazweni kosozimali isinqumo ngo-Julayi nonyaka. Nokho, onxiwankulu akazange ukuyosiza eSoviet Union. Kuphela ekuqaleni ekwindla kwafika usizo lokuqala zezenhlalakahle. Kodwa-ke wayemncane. Ekupheleni 1921 - ukuqala 1922 inani zosizo liye laphindeka kabili. Kulesi impumelelo enkulu of Fridtjof Nansen, isazi sesayensi esidumile nomhloli wamazwe polar oye bahlela umkhankaso asebenzayo.

Siza Melika naseYurophu

Nakuba osopolitiki Western wasikisela ngamiphi imibandela ukusunduza eSoviet Union esenana zosizo, zenkolo yomphakathi Melika naseYurophu lashona ibhizinisi. enkulu kakhulu kwaba usizo lwabo elwa nendlala. Imisebenzi ye-American Relief Administration (ARA) ifinyelele isikali ikakhulukazi ezinkulu. Kwakuthinta eliholwa Gerbert Guver, enguNobhala of Commerce (ngenhlanhla oshisekayo anti-lamaKhomanisi). Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-February 9, 1922 umnikelo United States ukuze elwa nendlala balinganiselwa ku 42 million dollars. Ukuze uqhathanise, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange uye bachithe ingqikithi 12, 5 ama-dollar ayisigidi.

Imisebenzi ukusebenza ngo 1921-22.

Nokho, amaBolshevik bangenza lutho. Isinqumo se-Central Executive Committee ngo-June 1921 kwakuhlelwa Central Committee Pomgol. Lokhu kuthunywa wayephiwe amandla akhethekile emkhakheni ukusatshalaliswa futhi supply yokudla. Futhi phansi wadala wemisebenzi enjalo. Phesheya wahlanganyela esebenzayo ukuthenga isinkwa. ukunakekelwa okukhethekile wanikwa ukusiza abalimi ekuhlwanyeleni ebusika 1921 futhi entwasahlobo ka-1922. Cishe abayizigidi ezingu-55 amathani imbewu kwathengwa le njongo.

Uhulumeni waseSoviet esetshenziswa indlala ukuletha buhlungu kwasani esontweni. Januwari 2, 1922 Central Executive Committee Bureau wanquma ukuqeda izakhiwo zesonto. Ngesikhathi lokhu wakubeka obala ukuthi injongo enhle - imali kusuka ukuthengiswa kwempahla abantu besonto, kufanele iqondiswe ukuthengwa nezinye izimpahla ezidingekayo imithi, ukudla. Phakathi kuka-1922 uye sebehoxisiwe ekubeni izakhiwo zesonto, izindleko zazo ulinganiselwa ku-4.5 million igolide ruble. Kwakuyisikhathi omningi. Nokho, injongo limenyezelwe wathunyelwa% 20-30 kuphela izimali. The main ingxenye iye "wachitha" kuso, ukuze kuvuswe umlilo revolution emhlabeni. Nakuba abanye nje trite intshontshiwe yizikhulu phansi inqubo isitoreji, ezokuthutha nemithetho ekhulula umuntu.

Okuthusayo indlala 1921-22.

Kunabantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-5 baye babulawa indlala nemiphumela yaso. Izikhathi ezine anda yokufa kwabantu neSamara region, ukufinyelela 13%. Izingane eziningi yindlala. Kwakukhona njalo ngesikhathi izimo isikhathi lapho abazali ngamabomu ngiyilahle imilomo extra ukondla. Wagubha ngisho ubuzimu ngesikhathi indlala iVolga esifundeni. Izingane ezazisaphila eziyizintandane kanye agcwaliswa ibutho lezingane ezingenamakhaya. Emizaneni Samara, Saratov, futhi ikakhulukazi Simbirsk izakhamizi wawashaya emikhandlwini yendawo. Bafune Ukukhishwa izabelo. Abantu badla zonke izinkomo, bese lashona amakati nezinja, ngisho abantu. izinyathelo Desperate ophoqelelwe abantu balambe ku iVolga esifundeni. Ubuzimu isanda omunye wabo. Abantu ithengiswe, impahla yakhe yonke ucezu lwesinkwa esandleni sakho.

Amanani ngesikhathi sendlala

Nakuba yendlu lingaba wathenga ibhakede neklabishi. izakhamizi Urban bethengisa impahla eduze lutho futhi ngandlela-thile igcinwe. Nokho, nasemizaneni isimo saba bucayi. Amanani imikhiqizo yagcwala ukubonga. Indlala iVolga esifundeni (1921-1922 GG.) Ingabe kwaholela kokuqagela ukuthi baqala ukwanda. Ngo-February 1922, Simbirsk emakethe Peck lwesinkwa zingathengwa for ruble 1,200. Futhi ngo-March, wacela kwesigidi. Izindleko amazambane safinyelela ayizinkulungwane 800. Ukukuthinta. I-Pud. Nomholo wonyaka isisebenzi abavamile kwaba ruble angaba inkulungwane.

Ubuzimu ngesikhathi indlala iVolga esifundeni

Ngo-1922, ukwandisa zaqala ukutheleka enhloko-dolobha kubika ubuzimu. Briefs-January 20, okukhulunywe ngaye kunjalo ezifundazweni yakhe Simbirsk futhi Samara, kanye Bashkiria. Waphawula nomaphi lapho kwakukhona indlala iVolga esifundeni. Ubuzimu ngo-1921 waqala athole umfutho omusha nakwesilandelayo, ngo-1922. "Pravda" iphephandaba ngo-January 27 wabhala ukuthi ezindaweni belamba le ubuzimu ngokungakhethi. Ngo izifunda we Samara sifundazwe abantu baletha indlala ukuba nobuhlanya nokuphelelwa ithemba, izidumbu ongabantu kudliwa futhi wadla abantwana abafileyo babo. Yilokho alethwe indlala iVolga esifundeni.

Ubuzimu ngo-1921 futhi ngo-1922 wabonwa ngabantu imibhalo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbiko ilungu Volost neKomidi-Ephreli 13, 1922 ku kwamabhuku kwalesi sigodi Lyubimovka ise neSamara region, yaphawula ukuthi "ubuzimu okunonya" kuthatha Ljubimovke mass amafomu. I lengenako isitofu Wafumana ucezu enyameni yomuntu okuphekiwe, kanye ehholo - imbiza inyama. amathambo eziningi ezitholakele eduze kompheme. Lapho owesifazane ebuzwa lapho wathatha inyama, wavuma ukuthi indodana yakhe eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala base befile futhi wayekade wazihlahlela. Khona-ke ukuthi umuntu ubulale kanye indodakazi yakhe eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, kanti walala. Amazimu nesikhathi indlala iVolga esifundeni ngo-1921, bavumile ukuthi bamisa ngehluleka ngisho ukukhumbula ukunambitheka enyameni yomuntu, lapho edla e sisesimweni sokungazi lutho.

Iphephandaba "Ngibambeni" libike ukuthi emizaneni Simbirsk yizidumbu nje eziwele nasemigwaqweni, ukuze kungabikho muntu ahlanze. Izimpilo zabantu abaningi amangalelwe Indlala iVolga 1921 ubuzimu kwaba kwabaningi okuwukuphela kwendlela. Ngakho kangangokuba, ukuthi abantu baqala ukweba izinqolobane nomunye ka enyameni yomuntu, futhi kwezinye emalokishini ngoba ukudla bemba efile. Ubuzimu ngesikhathi indlala iVolga esifundeni 1921-22. akekho uyoba umangale.

Imiphumela indlala 1921-22.

Entwasahlobo ka ngonyaka 1922, idatha ye-GPU, kwaba 3.5 izigidi ezingu elambile, 2 million esifundazweni Samara - e Saratov, 1,2 - e Simbirsk, ayizinkulungwane 651,7 - e Tsaritsin, 329,7 izinkulungwane - Penza, 2.1 abayizigidi ezingu - e Tatrespublike, 800 ayizinkulungwane - ku eRepublic, 330 ayizinkulungwane - kumasipala German. Ngo Simbirsk indlala wayethethelela unqobe kuphela ekupheleni 1923. EsiFundazweni ukuhlwanyelwa ekwindla lithole usizo lokudla kanye imbewu, nakuba ngo-1924 i-isinkwa ngokwesivumelwano wahlala ukudla eyisisekelo abalimi. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu olwenziwa ngo-1926, inani labantu esifundazweni lancipha ngu ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 300. Abantu ngo-1921 esuka typhus nendlala wabulala ayizinkulungwane 170., 80 th. Zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo futhi emhlabeni izinkulungwane 50. Ran. Esikhathini iVolga esifundeni, ngokuvumelana izibalo zilinganisela, kwashona abantu abangu-5 million.

Indlala iVolga esifundeni 1932-1933.

Ngo 1932-33. Indlala liphindwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umlando ivela khona ngaleyo nkathi Namanje embozwe lobumnyama kuhlanekezelwe. Naphezu esiningi izincwadi ezinyatheliswa ngayo impikiswano iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku. Kuyaziwa ukuthi owaziwayo 1932-33. ku iVolga esifundeni, Kuban kanye Ukraine wayengekho nesomiso. Yini-ke izimbangela? Ngempela, eRussia ke besilokhu elihlobene ne yindlala yezinkwa kwezitshalo ukwehluleka nesomiso. Weather 1931-32. Kwakungekhona evumayo kakhulu wezolimo. Nokho, abantu abaningi yokusanhlamvu ukungakhuli kwezitshalo imbangela kabanga. Ngakho-ke, lokhu indlala akuyona ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo. Kwaba umphumela Stalin wajaha Yemfihlo bezolimo ukusabela abantukazana kuso.

Indlala iVolga esifundeni: Izimbangela

Imbangela ngokushesha angabhekwa Inqubomgomo anti-ongumlimi yokusanhlamvu ekuthengweni kwempahla kanye nasezinhlelweni collectivization. It kwenziwa ukuxazulula izinkinga yokuqinisa amandla Stalin nekwakhiwa kwetimboni ophoqelelwe zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ukraine, kanye main izindawo okusanhlamvu-elikhulayo eSoviet Union, izindawo collectivization ephelele, wamshaya indlala (1933). IVolga lokukhumbula nhlekelele embi kangaka.

Njengoba ngokucophelela imithombo, kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukudalwa indlela eyodwa kulezi isimo ezindaweni indlala. Yonke indawo ukuthi ophoqelelwe collectivization, abaphucwa, ophoqelelwe okusanhlamvu procurements futhi kwempahla yomphakathi kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, nokucindezela ongumlimi ukumelana. Mayelana isixhumanisi inextricable phakathi indlala collectivization kungenziwa abahlulela yokuthi band wayeka ukuthuthukiswa esitebeleni kwalesi sigodi ngo-1930, okwenzeka ngemva 1924-25 sika elambile. Ukusweleka kokudla kakade imakwe ngo-1930, lapho collectivization kwenziwa. Kwezinye izindawo eNorth Caucasus, Ukraine, eSiberia, Ephakathi futhi Lower iVolga, ngenxa mkhankaso ukuze kuthengwe okusanhlamvu ngo-1929 ize noma ibuphi ubunzima ukudla. Lo mkhankaso isibe kulethe collective-ipulazi ukunyakaza.

Ngo-1931, kubonakala, kwaba ukunceliswa labalimi, njengoba ezindaweni okusanhlamvu-elikhulayo eU.SSR ngenxa evumayo izimo zezulu aqoqene isivuno irekhodi. Ngokusho idatha esemthethweni, kuba izigidi ezingu-835,4 cwt, nakuba empeleni - akukho kuka 772 million, Nokho, kwaba sobala ehlukile. Winter-entwasahlobo ka-1931 kwaba kuzalwa nhlekelele esizayo.

Indlala iVolga esifundeni ngo-1932 kwaba umphumela onengqondo inqubomgomo uStalin. izincwadi eziningi abalimi eNorth Caucasus, eVolga indawo nezinye. Izifunda abantu ngosizi lwezilwane eza umhleli yamaphephandaba ezinkulu. Kulezi zincwadi, kwezimbangela eziyinhloko izinkinga ngokuthi nemigomo collectivization nokusanhlamvu procurements. Kulokhu, umthwalo ngokuvamile eyabelwe Stalin mathupha. amapulazi kukaStalin elakhiwa abantu abaningi, njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho ngowokuqala 2 neminyaka collectivization, ngokuyisisekelo zazingenzelwanga izithakazelo we abalimi. Iziphathimandla ababheke ngokuyinhloko njengendlela umthombo okusanhlamvu izothandwa kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezolimo. Kulokhu, izithakazelo abalimi awazange athunjelwe akhawunti.

Zacindezelwa Centre iziphathimandla zendawo esusa zonke isinkwa etholakalayo kusuka emapulazini ngabanye nasemapulazini. Ngu "elihambayo indlela" yokuhlanza, kanye esiphikisayo izinhlelo nezinye izinyathelo usumisiwe ukulawula Friend phezu sokuvuna. Izishoshovu futhi abalimi abebengeneme okwalapha becindezela: axoshwe, dekulakize, lathethwa khona. Lo mkhankaso kulokhu babevela abaphathi kanye Stalin mathupha. Ngakho, uyaphi kusukela ingcindezi phezulu kwalesi sigodi.

Yokufuduka kubantukazana kuye imizi

Ukumikiswa ezinkulu ukuze imizi sabantu ongumlimi, abasha futhi unempilo kakhulu amalungu aso, futhi kakhulu buthaka ngo-1932, i-kutemnotfo kwalesi sigodi. Abantu abangu ukuphuma esigodini sakubo ekuqaleni ngenxa yokwesaba usongo abaphucwa, bese befuna ukuphila okungcono amaningi aqala ukulishiya leli amapulazi. Winter 1931-32 GG. ngenxa isimo ukudla ezinzima waqala ababalekela ingxenye ezimatasa abalimi ngabanye nabalimi basezifundeni ezingu-edolobheni futhi nomholo. Lokhu akhathalela ngokuyinhloko amadoda zokusebenza yobudala.

Isivuno mass amapulazi

Iningi labalimi sasifuna ukuphuma kuzo bese ubuyela ukuphathwa kuphela. Ingxenye yokuqala 1932 kwaba nenani eliphakeme labangu a ophumayo mass. Ngalesi sikhathi kwehle ngo-1370,8 ezingaba yinkulungwane RSFSR inani amapulazi collectivized.

Ukubhodloza yokulima nokuvuna imikhankaso ngo-1932

Ekuqaleni entwasahlobo ukuhlwanyelwa umkhankaso ngo-1932 lo muzi wawakhiwe ezazihlupha imfuyo isimo ukudla nzima. Ngakho-ke, lo mkhankaso babengakwazi ngesikhathi nangokunembile, ngenxa yezizathu inhloso. Futhi ngo-1932, ihlulekile ukhiphe okungenani isigamu sokuvuna. Elikhulu okusanhlamvu ukushoda eSoviet Union ngemuva kokuphela sokuvuna umkhankaso okusanhlamvu izinto ezinhlelweni zokuthenga kulo nyaka wangena force on kokubili izimo subjective futhi umgomo. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama eshiwo ngaphambili ngenhla imiphumela collectivization. steel subjective, kuqala, abalimi wamelana collectivization nokusanhlamvu zokuthenga, futhi okwesibili, olwenziwa Stalin endaweni inqubomgomo okusanhlamvu kwempahla ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu.

ezethusayo indlala

Yisilulu sokusanhlamvu eyinhloko eU.SSR bamukela indlala, okuyinto kwalandelwa zonke ngokwabo ububi bempi. Phinda of 1921-22:. Amazimu ngesikhathi indlala iVolga esifundeni, nokufa kwabaningi, okukhulu kwamanani okudla. isithombe Emibi ukuhlupheka sebuningini abantu bendawo ukudweba imibhalo eminingi. Izindawo okusanhlamvu elithandwa ka collectivization ephelele, igxile epicenters yendlala. Isimo sabantu sebezoba ngokulinganayo ezinzima. Ngahlulele kungaba ngokusho kwemibiko we OGPU, ofakazi, ivaliwe ukuxhumana ne-Centre for Neziphathimandla Local, imibiko yeminyango zombusazwe MTS.

Ikakhulukazi, kwatholakala ukuthi iVolga esifundeni ngo-1933, depopulated cishe ngokuphelele nemizana elandelayo endaweni Lower iVolga esifundeni: emzaneni ubudala Grivko Ivlevka ngomzana, ukulima kwabo. Sverdlov. amacala isidumbu-yokudla sezihlonziwe, kanye kwamathuna abantu abafa indlala imithombo Imininingwane emizaneni Penza, Saratov, Volgograd futhi Samara izifunda. Okunjalo uyalandelwa, njengoba waziwa kabanzi, futhi ku Ukraine, Kuban kanye Don.

izenzo Iziphathimandla '

Kulokhu, isenzo umbuso kukaStalin ekuxazululeni inkinga abilisiwe phansi yokuthi izakhamuzi, abangamalungu endaweni indlala, futhi ukuhlinzeka imbewu nokudla abalulekile ukubolekisa, kuyilapho ngokuvunyelwa kukaStalin siqu. Grain nokuthengiswa kuleli zwe kusukela ngo isinqumo Politburo ngo-Ephreli 1933, inqanyuliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ziye zithathwe ukuze uqinise amapulazi collective ngokuya MTS neminyango zezombusazwe lwenhlangano ibhizinisi usebenzisa. okusanhlamvu uhlelo izinto ezinhlelweni zokuthenga ukuhlela ngo-1933 yashintsha usuku amazinga fixed sezisungule ngenhla.

Namuhla wafakazela ukuthi ubuholi uStalin ngo 1932-33. It glosses phezu kwendlala. Kwaqhubeka sebecela ukumbuyisela isinkwa indiva imizamo yomphakathi emhlabeni wonke ukusiza labantu be-USSR. Ukuhlonishwa indlala kwakuzosho ukuqashelwa ngokuwa imodeli wezwe sesimanje ezikhethwe ngu uStalin. Futhi kwakungeyona engeqisi umongo ekuqiniseni umbuso futhi ukunqotshwa ukuphikiswa. Nokho, ngisho ngaphakathi ekhethiwe Inqubomgomo umbuso Stalin ngathola amathuba okuba nokunciphisa ngokwezinga le nhlekelele. Ngokusho D. Penner, kwakungase ngombandela ukusebenzisa ukuzinza of ubudlelwano ne-United States futhi uthenge enaleni yabo ukudla ngamanani ezishibhile. Lo mnyakazo kungabonwa njengophawu abathakazelelwayo United States ekulweni neSoviet Union. Isenzo ukuqashelwa ayikwazanga "amboze" izindleko zezombusazwe yokungakholelwa kweSoviet Union, uma evuma ukusiza Melika. Kusukela lesi sinyathelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuyoba ezinhle bese abalimi American.

I kukhunjulwa izisulu zenhlekelele

UMkhandlu we uMkhandlu WaseYurophu, April 29, 2010 lathatha isinqumo phezu wokukhumbula abakhileyo ezweni owashona ngo 1932-33. ngenxa yendlala. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we wathi lesi simo sidalwe "ngamabomu" nezenzo "ngesihluku" kanye nemigomo umbuso kwangaleso sikhathi.

Ngo-2009, "ISikhumbuzo ngalabo ababa yizisulu kuleso Holodomor e-Ukraine" lavulwa ngo-Kiev. Kulesi Museum, kumemori Hall, ethula le ncwadi kukhunjulwa izisulu zenhlekelele imiqulu 19. It bhalisiwe 880.000 amagama abantu abafela kuyo ngenxa yendlala. Futhi labo abakufa kwabo namuhla ibhalwe kuphela. N. A. Nazarbaev, umongameli we-Kazakhstan, Meyi 31, 2012 ku Astana wavula yisikhumbuzo abazinikezele ngalabo ababa yizisulu kuleso Holodomor.