Insulin-like isici sokukhula: kuyinsakavukela kanye nokusuka

Insulin-like ukukhula isici okuthiwa i-hormone ezifanayo isakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali insulin. It ulawula cell kwamangqamuzana izinqubo, ukuthuthukiswa yabo nokukhula. It is zihilelekile umzimba glucose.

Umlando yokutholakala

Emuva in the 50s sekwephuzile kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ososayensi baye basikisela ukuthi phakathi ozokusebenzisa (STH), okuthiwa futhi ozokusebenzisa futhi amasosha omzimba, kukhona ezinye umlamuli. kuphakama Lesi siphetho kusukela lokuthi ozokusebenzisa kwaba nomphumela kuphela eziphilayo, kodwa uma iqondiswa ku amaseli kwemisipha, ngisho noma ababekuso konemimoya izakhi, akunamthelela uyalandelwa.

Ngo-1970, kwatholakala somatomedins, eyayibonakala icashunwa balamuli. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu insulini-like nezici ukukhula. Ekuqaleni isehlane amaqembu amathathu izinto: A somatomedin (IGF-3) no-B (IGF-2), C (IGF-1). Kodwa wayezimisele 1980 ukuthi isici-2 ukukhula insulini-like, kanye 3 - lokhu kuyinto mshini zokuhlola kuphela, kodwa empeleni ingekho. ukuqinisekisile kuphela khona IGF-1.

isakhiwo

Insulin-like ukukhula factor 1 (IGF-1) siqukethe 70 amino acid akha ukuxhumana intramolecular nge chain-amabhuloho. Kuyinto peptide okuyinto sibopha kuya amaprotheni oketshezi olungenambala olusegazini, okubizwa ngokuthi bomdabu ukukhula isici. Bavumela somatomedins kuzohlala kusebenza isikhathi eside. Kuthatha amahora ambalwa, ngesikhathi ifomu khulula wathi isikhathi akuyona imizuzu engaphezu kuka-30.

Hormone iyafana proinsulin, okuyiwona wathola igama lakhe. Futhi synthesis somatomedin indima enkulu eyadlalwa insulini ngqo. Phela, kunomthelela ukuthola yonke edingekayo amino acid nge kwesibindi ukuqala indlela sokudalwa we FMI.

zamagama ama-hormone

Wathi ukukhula factor kubhekwe endocrine mediates ukuhlinzeka isinyathelo hormone ukukhula. It is kuhlelwe umqondo ngu hepatocytes kwesibindi ekuphenduleni yokwamukela ingqondo. Cishe kuzo zonke izicubu isenzo ozokusebenzisa inikezwa yi IGF-1. akuthola kwesibindi emgudwini wegazi, futhi kusukela lapho, ngokusebenzisa kwaloba amaprotheni yenethiwekhi ezicutshini eziyishumi nemitshingo. Wathi i-hormone kuvusa ukukhula amathambo, sezicubu zezinzwa futhi imisipha. Futhi, insulin-like ukukhula factor kwemiqondo ngokuzimela ezicutshini eziningi. Uma kudingekile, iseli ngalinye ingakwazi ukunikeza ngokwabo nale izidakamizwa.

Uketshezi of IGF-1 yi inyuka sesibindi ngaphansi isenzo ka estrogens, androgens, insulini. Kodwa glucocorticoids sinciphile. It ubhekwa esinye sezizathu esenza kufaneleke ukuba lezi izinto kuthinte ukukhula nokuthuthuka umzimba futhi izinga yayo nokuvuthwa zocansi.

izakhiwo

IGF ezicutshini amaseli uzabalaza ukukhula eqabulayo umsebenzi futhi nge-insulini. It catalyzes le zamagama wamaprotheni , futhi kubambezela inqubo Welanga. Iphinde usekhuluma umzimba, ugqugquzela esivuthayo fat ngesivinini esikhulu.

Insulin-like ukukhula factor-1 lihlotshaniswa indlala pituitary futhi le ngxenye. Umthola egazini lincike ukukhethwa nezinye hormone. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi emakamu low kwandisa uketshezi we-hormone ukukhula. Futhi kwandisa ukukhiqizwa ama-hormone okukhula-ukukhulula hormone. Kodwa emazingeni eliphezulu IGF-1 uketshezi of wathi i-hormone kuyehla.

Phakathi somatostatin futhi insulin-like ukukhula factor okusobala Kumiswa. Nokwanda omunye wabo ukwanda kanye lokuhlushwa yesibili.

Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi uzisebenzise njengezaba abasubathi Anabolic hhayi zinkulu. Kuye ngokuphindaphindiwe lanyathelisa imiphumela izifundo okuyinto ubheke imiphumela engemihle kwesivivinyo ukuphuza imithi aqukethe insulin-like ukukhula factor (IGF). Indlela yabo Kungaholela esifweni sikashukela, ongaboni, iziyaluyalu we senhliziyo esilimele, peripheral, ukuphazamiseka kwama-hormone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu izidakamizwa ingenye ukukhula yelikhono ezinkulu izimila anomdlavuza.

Izici IGF

Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi insulini-like ukukhula factor 1 lehliselwa lapho usukhulile futhi ebuntwaneni, futhi yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke phakathi intsha. Kodwa njengoba abacwaningi baye bathola ukuthi abantu abadala ezingeni yabo le hormone eduze mkhawulo we evamile kobudala bazo baphile isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mancane othambekele isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Endaweni ehlukile, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ukukhulisa inani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Igazi lokuhlushwa emini imayelana okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa ukuhlola yokuphazamiseka ukuthuthukiswa ozokusebenzisa. Phela, lo lokuhlushwa ozokusebenzisa egazini kuyahlukahluka usuku lonke, ezingeni esiphezulu ecacisiwe ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, ukuze usethe ngokunembile lemali kuyinkinga.

Ukunciphisa lokuhlushwa i-hormone

IGF-1 kwatholakala kuphela ngo-1978. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kakade ngachitha impela eningi yocwaningo, ngenxa eyabekwa eziningi imithetho. Ngakho, lokhu kusilela zasebuntwaneni bakhe isizathu salokhu wokukhula nokuthuthuka ngokomzimba umntwana. Kodwa futhi kuyingozi uma insulini-like ukukhula factor kwehliswa abadala. Phela, it is itjheje nokungathuthuki kwemisipha, kwehle kwamathambo, izinguquko isakhiwo kwamafutha.

Ibangelwa yokuntuleka IGF kungenzeka eziningi izifo. Phakathi kwabo, izinso izinkinga, isibindi. Ngokuvamile imbangela lemali ukuncipha IGF iyisifo ezifana hypopituitarism. Lesi isimo lapho ingaphakathi ungayeka noma ukukhiqizwa ngokuphawulekayo esincishisiwe hormone pituitary. Kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa somatomedin nge kusilela kwamandla, noma, ngaphezulu nje, indlala.

Ukwanda IGF

Naphezu nemiphumela emibi, elibangela ukuntula IGF-1, akudingekile ukuba singaphethi ngokuthi ukwanda isibalo zayo ezimbi.

Ngakho, uma le insulin-like ukukhula factor 1 ethuthukisiwe, lokho kuyoholela acromegaly e abadala gigantism ezinganeni. Izingane isifo kubonakala kanje. Baqala i bone ukukhula okukhulu. Lena ngenxa izimbangela ukukhula hhayi kuphela ezinkulu, kodwa ukuphela lenyuka ukuze osayizi nesibalo esikhulu.

Acromegaly, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-abadala kuholela ukunwetshwa umlenze amathambo, izandla kanye nobuso. Futhi ahlupheke futhi izitho zangaphakathi. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni ngenxa zenhliziyo - ubulwelwe lapho abathintekayo imisipha inhliziyo, i- umsebenzi walo.

Ngokuvamile isizathu ukuthi kwandisa insulini-like ukukhula factor, isimila pituitary. Kusukela ke ungathola ukuhlukana ngosizo imithi, amakhemikhali okwelapha, futhi angasuswa surgically. Uhlaziyo kusiza ukucacisa yokwelapha yimpumelelo kangakanani, noma ukuhlola ukuthi ukusebenza kwenziwa kahle. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isimila akuyona ngokuphelele isusiwe, lokuhlushwa IGF luyanda.

ucwaningo Ukuqhuba

Ukuxilonga izinguquko lokuhlushwa insulini-like ukukhula isici in izikhungo laboratory zanamuhla zisebenzisa IHLA indlela. Ngakho ngokuthi ukuhlaziywa immunohemilyuminestsentny. Kusekelwe ukuzivikela komzimba antigen. Ngo isinyathelo ngabodwa edingekayo izidakamizwa enamathiselwe nalokho amabhikhoni - phosphors, okuyinto abonakala ngaphansi kwe-ultraviolet. izinga labo luminescence kukalwa usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile - a luminometer. Ngokusho ke, lo lokuhlushwa izinto akhethiwe the serum.

Survey Ukulungiselela

Ukuze ubone ukuthi IGF-1, insulin-like ukukhula isici, kubalulekile ukuba unikele ngegazi ekuseni ngokuzila ukudla wokweshumi. Ivunyelwe ukuphuza amanzi zicaciswe. Isikhawu phakathi esidlweni sokugcina nothango amaphuzu ucwaningo ukuba amahora kweziyisishiyagalombili. Kubalulekile ukuthi amaminithi 30 ngaphambi kwezidingo ukuhlaziywa lesi siguli uphumule. Ukuze ucwaninge ukuthatha igazi emithambo yegazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe batusa ukuba ayiyeke le ukuhlaziywa ngesikhathi nezifo zokuphefumula acute (imvelaphi amagciwane) ukuze aqede imiphumela eyiphutha.

ezomhlaba

Uma ugcwalisa amafomu e-laboratory kubalulekile ukuze ucacise ubudala. Phela, kuncike kuye ke lokho okufanele kube isici insulin-like ukukhula. Kuyinsakavukela Kumiswa isigaba ngayinye. Kuyadingeka ukugxila hhayi ezomhlaba kodwa idatha elabhorethri lapho usuthathe ukuhlolwa. Ngokwesibonelo, e indlela intsha eziphatha abaneminyaka engu 14-16 amazinga ama-hormone angase abe kusuka 220 kuya 996 ng / ml. Futhi abadala, okuyinto eyenziwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-35, akufanele idlule ukubaluleka 284 ng / ml. Omdala isiguli, ephansi ezingeni esiphezulu we IGF kufanele kube. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-66, izinga isethwe ku uhla 75-212 ng / ml emva 80 - 66-166 ng / ml.

amazinga Izingane IGF uyophinde incike yobudala. Ngo izinsana, engesiyo ngisho ezingu-7, kufanele kube kusuka 10 kuya 26 ng / ml. Kodwa ngemva kwezinsuku 16 futhi kuze kube unyaka 1, izinga eyayibekwe at 54-327 ng / ml.

izifo

Njengoba kunqunywa insulin efana ukukhula factor, kungenzeka ukuxilonga eziningi izifo. Ukwandisa izinga yayo ubufakazi hhayi kuphela gigantism ezinganeni acromegaly kwabadala. Lokhu kungaba uphawu wamaphaphu izimila nasesiswini, ezingamahlalakhona ukwehluleka kwezinso. Kodwa-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukwandisa, ukuthatha dexamethasone, adrenostimulyatorov-alpha, i-beta-blocker.

Encishisiwe IGF amazinga e izingane kungase kubonise kukobana iba yifitjhani khulu. Kubantu abadala, lokhu ezingeni kaningi kuyancishiswa uma i-hypothyroidism, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi noma ukuzincisha ukudla noma umane nendlala. Enye yezimbangela okungenzeka ezingamahlalakhona ukungalali ngokwanele ucingo kanye nenombolo reception zezidakamizwa ebulilini estrogens.