Soviet ukukhanya ithangi T-26. T-26: izici, umlando indalo, isakhiwo

Soviet ukukhanya ukulwa izimoto, elisetshenziswa abaningi ezimpini 1930 futhi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, kwaba T-26. lokhu ithangi yadalwa ngezinsuku eliningi elinikelwe (amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-11 000), kunanoma iyiphi enye inkathi. Ngo-1930, i-ezahlukeneyo eSoviet Union 53 T-26 eziye zasungulwa, kuhlanganise ithangi flamethrower, ukulwa unjiniyela imoto, namathangi elawulwa, isibhamu self ezinezinjini, wezikhali ugandaganda futhi armored izisebenzi zenkampani yenethiwekhi. Amabili nantathu kubo babe yizinkulungwane ayatholakala emakhemisi, kanti bonke abanye - amamodeli zokuhlola.

British yasekuqaleni

T-26 kwaba-prototype - yongqondongqondo yaseBrithani Mk-E, olwasungulwa inkampani "Vickers-Armstrong" e 1928-1929. Simple futhi kulula ukuyinakekela, yayihloselwe ukuthekelisa emazweni ngaphansi nezobuchwepheshe athuthukile: eU.SSR, Poland, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, Thailand, China nabanye abaningi. "Vickers" ikhangiswe tank yakhe ezincwadini lempi, neSoviet Union zabonisa isithakazelo lesi senzakalo. Ngaphansi inkontileka esayinwe 28 Meyi, 1930, inkampani zilethwe eU.SSR 15 imishini emibili umbhoshongo (Uhlobo A, bebehlome ngezibhamu ezimbili emshinini, "Vickers" osezingeni 7.71 mm, amanzi selehlile) ne imibhalo umnyuziki lobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni kwabo mass. Ukuba khona zakhiwo ezimbili ezinde ukuthi kungaba rotated ngokuzimela avunyelwe ukudubula kokubili kwesokunxele nakwesokudla ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaleso sikhathi kubhekwe inzuzo ezikahle ze ngempumelelo of izinqaba ensimini. onjiniyela eziningana Soviet iqhaza emhlanganweni amathangi kwi "Vickers" ifektri ngo-1930. Kuze kube sekupheleni kulo nyaka e-USSR wathola zokuqala ezine Mk-E uhlobo A.

Kokuqala zokukhiqiza uchungechunge

Ngo-USSR, bese kuba ngu ngasebenza umsebenzi okhethekile, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukukhethwa amathangi amazwe ukufanisana. IsiZulu Tank Mk-E ithole amadokhumenti ukuqokwa yesikhashana B-26. Ebusika iminyaka 1930-1931 kusayithi eduze Poklonnaya Gora ukuhlolwa ezimbili yale mishini sezenziwe, bona baye badlula ngempumelelo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-February, kwanqunywa ukuba uqale ukukhiqizwa yabo eU.SSR ngaphansi T-26.

Ethangini we iqoqo lokuqala zokuhlola, yayinemibhoshongo ngemuva nangaphambili ifakwe Soviet ezenziwe, ihlolwe zokumelana isibhamu izibhamu umlilo Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1931, yena waxoshwa kusukela izibhamu izibhamu "Maxim" nge imizuliswano ezivamile futhi udibi Ukubhoboza bekude amamitha 50. Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ethangini wasekela umlilo ne umonakalo sakugcina (kuphela ezinye izipikili zalimala). Chemical ukuhlaziywa wabonisa ukuthi ngaphambili zempi amapuleti zazenziwe zempi engagqwali, kuyilapho ophahleni kanye plate ngezansi kwemibhoshongo ziye ezenziwe ngensimbi abavamile. Nakuba ukukhiqizwa zempi Izhora isitshalo, esetshenziselwa imodeli kuqala T-26, eliphansi in izinga kuya English ngenxa yokuntuleka imishini yesimanje Metallurgical e-USSR.

Kutfutfukiswa ukuguqulwa lokuqala ngo-1931

onjiniyela Soviet kungukuthi nje okuphindaphindiwe 6 ton "Vickers". Yiziphi izinto ezintsha banayo endaweni T-26? Tank ngo-1931, kanye prototype yayo British, waba ukumiswa ezimbili umbhoshongo ngezibhamu ezimbili emshinini, eyodwa umbhoshongo ngamunye. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo ukuthi babenesithakazelo ephakeme kanye izimbotshana observation ku T-26 turret. umbhoshongo Soviet kwadingeka ikhefu isiyingi ngoba Degtyareva tank isibhamu, ngokungafani elingunxande ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha yasekuqaleni ukuba isibhamu British "Vickers". Ngaphambili ingxenye isidumbu futhi kancane washintsha.

Cases T-26 sika nge imibhoshongo ezimbili zathathwa usebenzisa amapuleti armored 13-15 mm riveted isimo izingxenye zensimbi. Kwakwanele ukumelana izibhamu umlilo. amathangi Khanyisa zase-USSR, wenza ekupheleni 1932-1933, bobabili riveted nomzimba ashiselwe. Awukwazi ukusho mayelana nomkhiqizo omusha. tank Soviet T-26 ukuthuthukiswa ngo-1931 kwadingeka zakhiwo ezimbili ezinde cylindrical, ogibele ibhola amabombo; ngamunye ngokuzimele kwemibhoshongo ijikelezwe 240 °. Kokubili umbhoshongo anganikeza nokugabavula we front futhi bakhulise labadubuli lwesikhathi (100 ° ngamunye). Uyini ethile eyinhloko kwaba T-26? Two-umbhoshongo samuntu has isakhiwo yisixakaxaka, ekunciphiseni linokwethenjelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke firepower ethangini ayikwazanga esetshenziswa ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwawo-30-yalolucwaningo emhlabeni wonke ishiywe ukucushwa kwe izimoto ukulwa.

A mono-umbhoshongo ukukhanya ithangi T-26

izici zaso zabe ngcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne ukucushwa ezimbili umbhoshongo. Ikhishwa kusukela 1933, wayengumuntu ekuqaleni umbhoshongo cylindrical ephethe isibhamu 20K imodeli, osezingeni 45 mm omunye umshini yiwona isibhamu Degtyarev 7,62 mm. Lokhu isibhamu khona ikhophi ngcono we-anti-isibhamu 19K imodeli (1932), ingenye enamandla kakhulu ngesikhathi sawo. ezimbalwa kwamanye amazwe amathangi kakhulu kwadingeka amathuluzi ezifanayo, uma ikhona babe. Yiziphi ezinye izikhali owayekwazi ukuqhuba entsha T-26? Tank 1933 ungaba bebathathu ezengeziwe 7.62-mm izibhamu. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwemali firepower yayihloselwe ukusiza abasemkhunjini kokunqotshwa kwe ekhethekile anti-amaqembu, ngoba yasekuqaleni izibhamu kwezikhali sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi enganele. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa omunye onobuhle T-26, okuyinto has a Museum ithangi Kubinka, iyiqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke izimoto zempi emhlabeni.

Manje, ake sixoxe ngezici yezobuchwepheshe.

Yini injini kwadingeka T-26

Izici, ngeshwa kunqunywa ezingeni injini ngisho 20s kwekhulu lama-20. Ethangini kwaba ifakwe 4 cylinder uphethiloli injini nomthamo 90 amalitha. a. (67 kW) nge air Ukupholisa ngomoya, owawungumnyaka ephelele ikhophi injini "Armstrong Sidley" asetshenziswe 6 ton "Vickers". Laliqhele emhlane ethangini. Early Soviet ezenziwe ithangi izinjini zaziwupomu, kodwa iye yathuthuka kusukela 1934. Engine ithangi T-26-Awoke akabanga nesibindi limiter isivinini, ngokuvamile okuholela okweqile kanye ukulimala valve yayo, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. uphethiloli 182 amalitha namafutha ethangini 27 amalitha zafakwa eduze injini. Wasebenzisa high-octane, okuthiwa Grozny uphethiloli; ukugcwalisa yesibili fuel engcono angabangela umonakalo ukuba valve ngenxa detonation yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, laqanjwa capacious uphethiloli ithangi (290 amalitha esikhundleni 182 l). Engine Ukupholisa fan ifakiwe phezu kwalo ecaleni ekhethekile.

Dlulisa T-26 kwakuba olulodwa-disc bamba ezomile bamba main, ibhokisi amagiya ezinhlanu ngaphambili ethangini, kumphambukisa ukulawula amvikele, omoya neqembu sokugcina amabhuleki. Transmission ixhunywe ku injini ngumuntu idrayivu shaft kuyoshaya kanye ethangini. Isigwedlo ukushintsha amagiya, waba ukukhwezwa ngqo ebhokisini.

Yesimanje 1938-1939

Kulo nyaka, ithangi Soviet T-26 ithole umbhoshongo entsha oyindilinga nge ukumelana ngcono ngokumelene amachashazi, kodwa waqhubeka ngomzimba ofanayo ashiselwe, ukuthi imodeli ngo-1933 lokho kwakunganele, kubonisa ukuthi zingqubuzana militarists Japanese ngo-1938, ukuze ethangini sesithuthukisiwe waphinda ngo-February 1939. Manje ithole ngaphansi-turret gumbi nge abathambekele (23 °) 20 mm-side amapuleti zempi. I ukujiya odongeni basembhoshongweni lakhuphuka lafika ku-20 mm i-ukuthambekela degrees 18. Lokhu ithangi yakhethwa T-26-1 (yaziwa njenge-T-26 imodeli 1939 e imithombo wesimanje). Imizamo eyalandela ukuqinisa ngaphambili iphaneli wahlala ezinganeni, njengoba ukukhiqizwa T-26 ngokushesha wayeka esivuna nezinye izakhiwo, ezifana T-34.

Phela, isisindo ukulwa T-26 esikhathini kusuka 1931 kuya ku-1939 lande lisuka kwabangu-8 kuya kumathani 10,25. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa imodeli T-26 1939, ngendlela, futhi kusukela nokuqoqwa, esesikhundleni ithangi Museum e Kubinka esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Njengoba indaba waqala ukulwa T-26

Khanyisa ithangi T-26 ngokokuqala waba nengxenye ekulweni ngesikhathi sempi yombango e-Spain. Khona-ke lonke elaseSoviet Union, kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1936, zilethwe kahulumeni wayo ozimele republic ingqikithi 281 onobuhle amathangi ngo-1933

Batch lokuqala amathangi e Republican Spain sathathwa ngo-October 13, 1936 edolobheni eliyitheku waseCartagena; amahlanu-T-26 ne izingxenye ezisele, izinhlamvu, amafutha kanye zokuzithandela ezingaba ngu-80 ngaphansi umyalo umkhuzi 8 ahlukene ngomshini lamabutho Kol S. Krivosheina.

Eyokuqala umshini Soviet, setha e Cartagena, eyayihloselwe ukulungiswa ithangi kazwelonke, kodwa isimo emhlabeni Madrid seliyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezulu, ngakho amathangi lokuqala nanhlanu zazigcinwa inkampani ithangi, okwakuthatha umyalo induna Soviet Pol Arman (ukwehla Latvian, kodwa wakhulela e-France) .

Armand Roth baqala ukwenza Okthoba 29, 1936 30 km eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Madrid. Nambili T-26 isihambile ngu km 35 ngesikhathi-kugasela eziyishumi futhi kubangelwa abalulekile ukulahlekelwa Frankists (wahlulwa mayelana ezimbili squads Moroccan abagibela amahhashi amabili elihamba Ibutho; nambili 75-mm ensimini izibhamu, amagejambazo ezine CV-33, futhi amabili kuya amathathu namaloli empi izimpahla ezibhujisiwe noma yonakele), ukulahlekelwa ezintathu T-26 uphethiloli amabhomu kanye wezikhali umlilo.

Icala lokuqala aziwa we ziyalungiswa empini ithangi zenzeka ngosuku ababehlangene lapho ithangi Leli qembu uLietenant Semena Osadchego wayebhekene tankettes ezimbili Italian CV-33, bephonsa omunye wabo e umhosha encane. Amalungu ezinye wedgies nezisebenzi babulawa izibhamu umlilo.

Umshini uCaptain Armand washiswa uphethiloli ibhomu, kodwa umlawuli kwalimala yaqhubeka ukuhola inkampani. tank yakhe uye wonakalisa eyodwa futhi ezilimele amagejambazo ezimbili CV-33 kukambayimbayi. December 31, 1936 uCaptain P. Arman Uthole iNkanyezi Hero kweSoviet Union ukuze ekuphangeni nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekumeleleni Madrid. Novemba 17, 1936 ku inkampani Armand kwaba amathangi emihlanu kuphela ukulwa ukulungela.

T-26 abesetshenziswa cishe zonke ezempi zika kulwiwa futhi wabonisa ungcono ngani German Panzer Division Italian ukukhanya amathangi tankettes CV-33, elokhe ephethe izibhamu. Phakathi Battle of Guadalajara T-26 ungcono kunabantu bezinye izinhlanga kwakusobala kangangokuthi abaklami Italian babephefumulelwe ukuthuthukisa Italian ithangi ezifanayo kuqala naphakathi "Fiat M13 / 40."

"... futhi sasihamba ngendiza siye phansi Samurai ngaphansi ukucindezela steel nomlilo"

La mazwi adumile phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, izingoma ezibonisa ingxenye amathangi ukukhanya ukungqubuzana T-26-Soviet-Japanese, okuyinto baqhubeka umlando kulwa mathangi. Eyokuqala yalezi kwaba Ukungqubuzana eduze kweChibi Hassan-July 1938. Ukubamba iqhaza ku-ke 2nd lamabutho ngomshini futhi ezimbili ezihlukene ithangi Battalion kwadingeka 257 kuphela amathangi T-26.

2nd lamabutho ngomshini lase futhi muva nje uye wamiswa udondolo nomyalo omusha, 99% umyalo isakhiwo saso sangaphambilini (kuhlanganise lamabutho umkhuzi P. Panfilov) baboshwa izinsuku ezintathu njengoba bayizitha zabantu ukuphakamisa ezikhundleni lokulwa. Lokhu sekube nomthelela omubi izenzo lamabutho ngesikhathi kushayisana (isibonelo, amathangi yayo labetibambile amahora 11, ukuze uthole ngokusebenzisa le mashi km-45 ngenxa yokunganaki umzila). Phakathi zihlasele Japanese-labetibambile Nameless futhi Zaozernaya amagquma amathangi Soviet wahlangana kahle ihlelwe anti-tank ukuzivikela. Ngenxa yalokho, amathangi 76 futhi 9 ibolile zishiswe. Ngemva impi isiphelile, 39 zalezi amathangi atholiwe e amayunithi ithangi, nabanye - kwalungisa phansi esitolo.

Idlanzana-T-26 tanks kanye flamethrower okusekelwe kuzo ezimpini eziwumnqamula nebandla Japanese ku Khalkhin Igoli ngo-1939. imishini yethu empini kwakungu sengozini tank abachithi amaqembu Japanese, ayehlome Molotov Cocktails. Lapho ukhwaliti ongaphakeme welds ahlale izikhala zempi amapuleti, futhi ovuthayo likaphethiloli ofakwe egumbini izisebenzi kanye gumbi injini kalula. 37mm inganono uhlobo 95 e-Japanese wamaphaphu ithangi, naphezu kwayo Okuqukethwe akuzwakali wayebuye ngempumelelo yokulwa T-26.

Ngobusuku obandulela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili

Ngobusuku obandulela 2 neMpi Yezwe, Red Army okumalungana 8500 T-26 azo zonke ukulungiswa. Phakathi nale nkathi, T-26-e ngokuyinhloko emaqenjini ahlukene ukukhanyisa amathangi (ithimba ngalinye 256-267 T-26) futhi ehlukile ithangi nebutho sokuzingela ukuhlukana (10-15 amathangi). Kwakuwusuku uhlobo ithangi amayunithi ukuthi iqhaza emkhankasweni ezindaweni esentshonalanga ye-Ukraine futhi Belarus ngo-September 1939. Combat ukulahlekelwa ePoland babe T-26 nanhlanu kuphela sika. Noma kunjalo, 302 amathangi wahlupheka ukwehluleka lobuchwepheshe kule mashi.

Babehlanganyela neMpi Winter ngoDisemba 1939 - March 1940 nge Finland. brigades Khanyisa armored ayenendawo onobuhle ezahlukene amathangi, kuhlanganise ezimbili kanye ukucushwa mono-umbhoshongo, ikhiqizwa 1931 kuya ku-1939. Ezinye Battalion ayenendawo imishini ubudala ikakhulu akhiqize 1931-1936 GG. Kodwa ezinye amayunithi ithangi ayenendawo imodeli entsha 1939 Sekukonke, ingxenye Lenvoenokruga olunezinombolo ekuqaleni kwempi 848 amayunithi T-26. Bekanye BT ne-T-28 beniyingxenye eyinhloko umthelela force ngesikhathi sekhefu umugqa Mannerheim.

Le mpi selukhombisile ukuthi T-26 iphelelwe isikhathi kanye nomklamo walo izinqolobane isiphelile. Finnish antitank izibhamu osezingeni 37 mm ngisho 20-mm antitank ngezibhamu kalula singene mncane antipulevuyu zempi T-26, futhi izingxenye anemisila kubo, baye balahlekelwa kakhulu ngesikhathi ukufohla we Mannerheim Line, lapho ilangabi-uphonsa umshini ngesisekelo T-26 chassis ukudlalwa indima ephawulekayo.

IMpi Yezwe II - impi lokugcina T-26 sika

T-26-ZU uyisisekelo amabutho armored iRed Army ezinyangeni zokuqala of ayehlasela laseJalimane iSoviet Union ngo-1941. Ngo-June 1, mkhathi kwaba 10.268 amathangi ukukhanya T-26 wonke amamodeli, kuhlanganise izimoto armored ku chassis yabo. Iningi lazo lalinabashumayeli izimoto ukulwa in Soviet amabutho ngomshini ezifundeni umngcele lempi. Ngokwesibonelo, eNtshonalanga Special District Military, kwadingeka 1136 imishini enjalo engu-22 Juni 1941 (52% wonke amathangi esifundeni). Sekukonke, kwaba 4875 amathangi anjalo entshonalanga ye izifunda ezempi ngo-June 1, 1941. Noma kunjalo, abanye babo babephakathi ungakakulungeli ukulwa ngenxa yokuntuleka izingxenye, ezifana amabhethri, amacimbi kanye namasondo isibungu. nemiphumela ethile engathandeki okunjalo kwabangela Ukuyekwa kwezindlela mayelana 30% etholakalayo T-26 sika lutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-30% we-amathangi etholakalayo ayenziwa e 1931-1934 futhi ukhathele ukuphila kwabo inkonzo. Ngakho, ngo-Soviet entshonalanga ezifundeni eziyisihlanu wamabutho kwakuyinto emhlabeni 3100-3200 T-26 wonke amamodeli sesimweni esihle (u-40% imishini), ebelikude kuphela kancane ngaphansi kwenani amathangi German senzelwe ayehlasela eSoviet Union.

T-26 (Model 1938/1939 sika. Ikakhulukazi) ngeke sithi amathangi iningi German ngo-1941, kodwa kwaba imodeli phansi kunabaphostoli Panzer III futhi Panzer IV, bahlanganyela "Operation Barbarossa" ngo-June 1941. Futhi zonke ethangini Amayunithi iRed Army balahlekelwa esindayo ngenxa ephelele emoyeni akaphakeme German "Luftwaffe". Iningi T-26 sika kwalahleka ezinyangeni zokuqala impi, ikakhulu amabhomu isitha wezikhali emoyeni. Abaningi yaphuka ngenxa yezizathu ezithile futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka izingxenye ezisele.

Nokho, ezinyangeni zokuqala kwempi, futhi siyazi eziningi iziqephu ukumelana nobuqhawe abahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa ethangini Soviet T-26 sika. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlangano 55 Ibutho Panzer ehlanganisa nesishiyagalombili mono-umbhoshongo T-26 nesishiyagalombili ezimbili umbhoshongo, ngenkathi ukumboza ukuhoxa sokuzingela 117th division endaweni Zhlobin wabhubhisa imishini nesikhombisa German.

Naphezu ukulahlekelwa, T-26 namanje zaba ingxenye enkulu amabutho armored iRed Army ekwindla ka 1941 (okuningi ubuchwepheshe babevela yangaphakathi izifunda lempi - Asia Ephakathi, yi-Urals, eSiberia, futhi ngokwengxenye baseMpumalanga Ekude). Phakathi nempi, T-26 kwangena T34 lazo elikhulu kakhulu. Futhi nengxenye ekulweni e ngokumelene amaJalimane kanye nabangani babo empini phakathi eduze eMoscow ngo 1941-1942., In Battle of kwaseStalingrad kanye Battle of eCaucasus e 1942-1943. Eziningana ithangi amayunithi Leningrad Front esetshenziswa amathangi zabo T-26 kuze 1944.

Ukunqotshwa kwe-Japanese Kwantung Army e Manchuria ngo-August 1945 kwaba zokugcina ukusebenza ezempi lapho abazijwayele. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe, umlando amathangi - into ukwazi.