Iqiniso LaseRussia I-Yaroslav Ihlakaniphile

"Iqiniso LaseRashiya" likaJaroslav the Wise libhekwa njengesikhumbuzo esivelele somlando wesiRashiya. Izinhlu zalo zifinyelele kulolu suku ngosuku oluningi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, kwakungekho ukuhlukaniswa okuhlanganisiwe.

Ikhodi Yezimiso "IsiRussia Pravda" kwakuyisimiso somthetho we-feudal we-Ancient Rus. Izindinganiso zalo zithathwa njengesizathu sezitifiketi zenkantolo (i-Novgorod ne-Pskov), kanye nezincwadi zomthetho zesikhathi esizayo zesiRashiya, kanye nomthetho weLithuania.

"Iqiniso LaseRashiya" I-Yaroslav the Wise yabonakala ngemuva kwesikhathi lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu basezindaweni zasemaphandleni kubonakala njengomphakathi womakhelwane. Kwavela futhi ngenxa yokuhlakazeka komphakathi womndeni.

"Iqiniso likaJaroslav the Wise" liyingxenye endala yekhodi yomthetho. Ibonisa imithetho emidala eyamukelwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kwesikhulu. Le ngxenye ikhodi iqukethe izihloko eziyishumi nesithupha, kulandelwa imithetho eminingi eyakhishwa amadodana kaJaroslav kusukela ngekhulu le-11 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13 (Pravda Yaroslavichy).

Isisekelo sokuqukethwe kweKhodi yizenzo ezibonisa izithakazelo zokuphathwa kwesikhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ezinye izingxenye zayo, ukwandiswa kwamandla wezikhulu kanye nenkantolo yobukhosi kubonakala ngokucacile.

"Iqiniso leRussia" likaJaroslav the Wise libeke isimo somthetho sabantu, kanti umphakathi ngamunye wawuhlanganisa izindawo eziphethe imisebenzi kanye namalungelo okuchazwe ngokucacile ngumthetho ngokungalingani.Ukungafani kwaba kokubili ubudlelwane phakathi kwezizinda futhi maqondana nombuso.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona uhlobo oluthile lwesimo sokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, uhulumeni azama ukukuthola ngezindlela zomthetho. Uhlelo lwezenhlalakahle lwaseRussia lwalusekelwe ebugqilini. Ukubonakaliswa okunzima kunabo bonke kubonakala eminyakeni engama-9-10 eminyaka, ekuqaleni kwezigaba zokuzalwa kwesimo sombuso.

"Iqiniso LaseRashiya" likaJaroslav the Wise lizimisele ukuba inceku ibe yindawo yomnikazi, kuyilapho umnikazi ngokwakhe engenazo impahla.

Ukwakhiwa kwekilasi le-feudal kwenzeka kancane kancane. Kuye kwakunguqembu, izikhulu, ubukhosi bendawo kanye nabanye. Ukuphathwa komphakathi kwenziwa ngamakhosi angama-feudal, ngaphezu kwalokho, babephethe umsebenzi wezempi. Umthetho kwakufanele uqoqe izinkokhelo kanye nezinkokhelo ezivela emphakathini, owaya ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokuphatha.

Ukuxazulula ubudlelwane bomhlaba kanye nobuhlobo bomhlaba bamakhosi amakhosi, kanye nobuhlobo babo ne- Grand Prince, ngokusobala, kwakukhona izivumelwano ezikhethekile. "I-Russian Pravda" yembula kuphela izici ezithile zesimo somthetho sefadi ye-feudal.

Ikhodi esemthethweni yoMbuso Omdala isungula futhi ivikele impahla. Ngokwezinxushunxushunxushu, ukwephulwa, ukweba, izinhlawulo eziphezulu zibekwe phezulu kakhulu.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yomthetho kwakungukubunjwa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi kuhulumeni. Izintela eziningi zafakwa ngendlela yezinkokhelo, intela.

Emthethweni we-Yaroslav kwakukhona ezinye izinhlinzeko ezazama ukusungula isimo se "smerd". Ezenzo zomthetho, hhayi kuphela incazelo yesimo sakhe, kodwa futhi namandla akhe angokomthetho, imisebenzi yayibhekwa. Kukhona izinkomba zezigwebo ezihlukahlukene ezibekiwe kuma-smerds. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuthi "iRussia Pravda", uma kunesidingo esenzweni somthetho, kubonisa ubulungu eqenjini elithile (ezenhlalakahle), umqondo nesimo se "smerd" kuhunyushwa ngekhodi ngokungafani.

Isibalo samahhala emadolobheni sanikezwa ngokuvikelwa ngokomthetho kwezenzo ze "Iqiniso leRashiya". Ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi kwakhokhelwe ekilasini lomthengisi, owaqala ukwakha izinhlangano (izinhlangano).

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Ancient Rus kwenzeka endaweni efanayo nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu amakhulu kakhulu. Umbuso waseRussia waleso sikhathi ubonakala izazi-mlando njengezwe elinomkhakha wezomthetho othuthukile kakhulu, amandla amakhulu amasiko.