I-potland yase-Kurland - izinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane

Umlando ucabangela. Ikakhulukazi iningi lamazwi ahlobene nempi ye-Great Patriotic War. Ubuholi beqembu babenentshisekelo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ulwazi lunikezwe ngokukhanya ezweni. Kuphela namuhla isembozo semibono esabekelwe eceleni kwimicimbi efana ne-Kurland cauldron yahlukana kancane.

E-USSR

Impi Yezwe II ithinteke kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Impi yayiyisimangaliso kubantu abavamile. Kodwa abaphathi abaphezulu babengazi kuphela izinguquko ezazisondela, kodwa ngisho balungele ukusebenza kwempi.

Amadokhumenti amaningi angatshelwa namhlanje ngokuthi iziphathimandla ze-Union kanye neJalimane zazikwaziyo. Omunye wabo yi-alliance ye-Molotov-Ribbentrop, eyafihlekisa izisusa zangempela ngaphansi kwegama elisemthethweni "lesivumelwano esingenasihlukumezo". Yayisayina izivumelwano eziyimfihlo, ngokusho ukuthi iLatvia yawela ngaphansi kwethonya le-USSR.

Ngo-Okthoba 1939, emingcele yalesi sifundazwe, kwakukhona amasosha angaphezu kuka-20 000 aseRussia. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngoJune, uMototov, uKhomishinari wezangaphandle, wabeka izimo zaseLatvia: uhulumeni kufanele azinikele ngokuzithandela amandla akhe. Amasosha aseSoviet kwakudingeka agweme ukuzama ukuphikisa. Ukugwema ukuchithwa kwegazi, izimo zamukelwa. Umbuso omusha ubanjelwe "ukhetho oluhle" nomuntu oyedwa ozobhalwa ku-People's Saeima.

Ngo-Agasti 5, 1940, eLatvia yaba yingxenye ye-USSR. Phakathi kwezindawo ezangeziwe, kwakukhona nesifunda lapho i-cauldron yaseKurland yavela kamuva.

Emngceleni wempi

Kwabe sekulandela ukucindezelwa kwalabo abavikela ukuzimela kukahulumeni. NgoJuni 22, 1941 yaqala iMpi Yamazwe Omkhulu. Abahlaseli be-fascist bafika nalawa mazwe. Phakathi nango-Julayi lonke i-republic yayiphethwe. Izwe lahlala ngaphansi kokuhola kwesitha esisha kuze kube sehlobo lika-1944.

Inkambo Yezwe Lesibili yaphuka emva kweMpi Ye- Kursk Bulge. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isinyathelo sokuqapha sasiyi-Red Army amadoda.

Ehlobo izikhulu ze-Union zafika kumaBaltics. Kukhona isigaba sokukhulula esinqunyiwe saqala. Ingxenye esentshonalanga yaseLatvia yahlala kwaze kwaba ngo-Okthoba. Ama-Reds ahamba eya eBaltic Sea futhi ayeka eduze kwedolobha laseLithuania lasePalanga. Iqembu laseJalimane "eNyakatho", elinamabutho angu-16 no-18, laqedwa kulo lonke iqembu "Isikhungo". Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yokuqala yayise-peninsula.

Lezi zenzakalo zakha i-kurland cauldron. Sekuphelele, amaJalimane angu-400 000 abanjwe.

I-Capital njenge-trophy

AmaNazi ahlonywa phakathi kwama-Soviet amabili. Umzila welulelwe amakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili ukusuka empumalanga yeTukums kuya eLespaja entshonalanga.

Ngesifiso esikhulu, ubuholi baseSoviet baqala ibhizinisi. Ngo-Okthoba 10, 1944, kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wokukhulula iRiga. Okulandelayo kuhileleke kuwo: Ukushaqeka kokuqala, 61, 67, 10 e-Army Army. Kodwa amaJalimane ahlambalaza. Eqaphela ukuthi kwakungeke kwenzeke ukugcina umuzi, bahamba ngokuphuthumayo futhi bathuthela olwandle. Ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva, amasosha aseSoviet ayehlala empumalanga yedolobha. Ngo-Okthoba 15, bangena engxenyeni esentshonalanga.

Ngokushesha nje lapho abaphikisi sebeqedile eSikhumulweni "Sezikhali", futhi inhloko-dolobha inqobile, abaphathi bezinhloko banikeze umyalo wokuqeda isitha esasihlala kule ndawo. I-cauldron yaseKurland yayizoba yinto elula futhi elula yokulahlekelwa.

Imizamo yokuqala ekuqedeni

Ubuholi be-USSR buqalise ukusebenza okulimazayo ngo-Okthoba 16. Nokho, amaJalimane alwa. Ukulwa okunonya kuyabonakala. Amasosha aseSoviet ahlala ezindaweni zawo futhi awakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezintsha. Isibindi esikhethekile saboniswa yi-1st Shock Army. Amasosha akhe akwazi ukuthola imiphumela emihle.

Bakwazi ukuthatha umuzi waseKemeri bese behamba ngaphansi kwamadonga aseTukums. Ngokuvamile, badlula cishe u-40 km. Khona-ke ukunyakaza kwabo kwamiswa yisitha.

I-Red Army yashaya u-Okthoba 27. Ngalesi sikhathi ubuholi abufuni ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele isitha. Umsebenzi oyinhloko kwakuwukuthi aphule ngokuzivikela kwakhe futhi aphule ibutho libe ngamaqembu amancane angenakwazi ukusizana. Kodwa "iKettle Kettle" ayizange iwile. Le mpi, eyaqala ngo-27, yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-Okthoba 31, ngemuva kwalokhu kukhishwa okwesikhashana.

Isisekelo sokuhluleka yisiqondiso sangaphakathi

Phakathi nenyanga elandelayo, kwenziwa imizamo eminingana yokusebenzisa amaHitler, kodwa baphikisana ngokuphumelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye imishini ayihlulekile. Izinhlamvu ezithile ezisetshenzisiwe. Kwakukhona ukulahlekelwa okukhulu phakathi kwamasosha, abaningi bafa futhi balimala.

Ngamashumi amabili kaDisemba, uhlangothi lwaseSoviet lwaqala ukuhlaselwa. Idolobha laseLiepaja laliyinhloko.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubambezela ukukhululwa kwenhlonipho kwakungubuholi obumpofu bamaMashiza omlilo. Ukukhulumisana okubi nokungahambisani nenye uhlelo lokusebenza kwaholela ekuvinjeni okwesikhathi eside, okuyinto umkhumbi waseKurland owawusekela. Imibono yamaJalimane, ngokuphambene nalokho, phawula ukuthi ibutho "iNyakatho" lasebenza ndawonye njengento eyodwa. Abaphathi bamisa igridi yezitimela, ezadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yezempi.

Ngakho, amasosha angomakhelwane asheshe afinyelela lapho afuna khona usizo. Futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, bangathatha amasosha emahoreni ambalwa uma kusongelwa isongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zaseJalimane zaziqiniswa kahle futhi zazingamelana nokuqina.

Ukulahlekelwa ngokweqile nokugxila okuqinile

Ekupheleni kuka-1944, kwakukhona izigaba ezingu-32 kanye nesigungu esisodwa esifundeni sase-peninsula. Ngaphezu kwamaJalimane ohlangothini lweJalimane lamaNazi, amaNorwegi, amaLatvia, amaDashi nama-Estoni alwa. Babeyingxenye yamaqoqo e-SS ahlasele. Futhi, nakuba bebengaphili kahle futhi bengakutholi ukuqeqeshwa, bahlanganyela kakhulu empini.

Ekupheleni konyaka, amandla amabutho, ngokusho kokulinganiselwa okunzima, anciphise ama-40 000. Yilezi zibalo ezabulala iKetland Kettle esigabeni sokuqala sokuzama ukukhishwa. Amathangi angaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu aphelelwe isenzo.

Okulandelayo, ukusebenza okwesithathu kokuhlaselwa, kwaqala ngoJanuwari 23. Umgomo wayo kwakuwukubhujiswa kokuxhumana, okwakwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amathrekhi. Kwabelwa izimpi izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa ezingaphumeleli. Khona-ke abaphathi be-Red Army banquma ukuhlanganisa izindawo ezithunjiwe.

Imizamo yakamuva

Ngemva kwenyanga, ukuqhuma kwesine kwe-Kurland cauldron (1945) kwaqala. Ngo-February 20, umsebenzi omusha wachazwa. Into esemqoka ukuya emfuleni iVartava futhi aqede amaJalimane asuka echwebeni laseLiepaja.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okunzima, i-front line yaphuka, futhi amasosha aseSoviet ahlala enye indawo engama-2 km ensimini yezitha. I-Red Army yayingenakho izikhali ezinkulu. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwangaphambili, amaJalimane ayelokhu esondela kokubili usizo lomzimba noluntu.

Ukuhlaselwa kwaqedwa ngo-28 Febhuwari.

Ngo-March, kwenziwa umzamo omkhulu wokugcina ukuxosha amaJalimane. Amaqembu athile amabutho aseSoviet athola impumelelo, kodwa kamuva aphonswa emuva.

Ukulahlekelwa kwamabutho asekhaya kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kuka-30 000 kanye nabantu abangu-130 000 abalimele.

Okushiwo amaJalimane

Kwaphela isikhathi eside i-cauldron yaseKurland ayizange igodle. Impi yokugcina ye-Great Patriotic War kule ndawo yaphela ngokoqobo ngaphambi kokuzinikela okuphelele kweJalimane. NgoMeyi 9, 1945, isigamu sebutho sanikela. Enye ingxenye yazama ukufihla ithemba.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ayengaboni. Ngemuva kwamagundane amaHitler ayema olwandle lwaseBaltic, ngaphandle kwempi yaseSoviet.

AmaJalimane ayenesimweni sazo amabhulo amancane, amancane angabalulekile - uLiepaja naseVentspils. Kwakungenxa yezikhala zamanzi ama-fascists angahlanganisana neJalimane. Amasosha athola ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo. Babehlale behlinzekwa ukudla, izinhlamvu nemithi. Ukuthuthwa kwalabo abalimele nakho kwenziwa.

Ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela

Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo ezindabeni nasemlandweni wemlando wezempi. I-cauldron yaseKurland yayingeyona indawo ebalulekile yezinhlelo, eyashintsha inkambo yomlando. Waba yisibonelo esihle sobuthakathaka bomyalo weSoviet phambi kwezenzo ezihlelwe kahle zesitha.

Ukwakhiwa kweqembu laseKurland (eliyigama lebutho "eNyakatho" kusukela ngoJanuwari 1945) kwakuyiphutha nje. Lezi zamasosha kwakufanele zisuke eLatvia ekupheleni kuka-1944. Kodwa ngenxa yokuphuza kukaGeneral Scherner, amasosha anqunywe "eSikhungo" futhi abuyele olwandle.

Isiphakamiso sokuthatha ukwahlukana kwasizo lweBellin safika ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngaphansi kwezindonga zeReich, izingane zathunyelwa ezingabonwanga impi, kuyilapho ehlonishwa khona e-Kurland izinkulungwane zamasosha zivikela amakhilomishi amancane.

Naphezu kokuthi uHitler uthukuthele okushiwo ukunikezelwa kwalesi sabelo, namanje izigaba eziningana zolwandle zanikelwa eJalimane. Kodwa kwase kusephuzile. Ukunciphisa usayizi wesitha yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sezinto ezihlaselayo ze-USSR. Amandla esitha ayephawulekayo, leli qhinga liyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke aziwa ukuthi yini eyayiqeda izenzakalo ezichazwe ngenhla, ngabe kwakungekho ukuthunjwa kweBerlin.