Isilinganiso energy kinetic

amandla Kinetic iyona energy ukuthi kunqunywa ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya amaphuzu ahlukahlukene okuqondene nalesi simiso. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba umuntu ahlukanise phakathi amandla lapho ephawula ukunyakaza Translational kanye nokunyakaza ukujikeleza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla isilinganiso kinetic - umehluko isilinganiso phakathi amandla Imininingwane lonke uhlelo namandla alo lonke, okungukuthi, eqinisweni, ukubaluleka kwalo isilinganiso bezikhali amandla.

ubuningi zayo ngokomzimba ebalwe ifomula 3/2 KT lapho zabhalwa T - lokushisa, k - Boltzmann njalo. Lokhu value singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela umbandela wokuthola ukuqhathanisa (inkomba) ngoba amandla equkethwe izinhlobo ezahlukene ezinyakazayo ezishisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amandla isilinganiso kinetic yezinhlayiya igesi ekuhloleni ezinyakazayo Translational, kuyinto 17 (- 10) NJ ezingeni lokushisa igesi 500 C. Njengomthetho, ngamazinga aphakeme amandla electron babe ngokunyakaza Translational, kodwa amandla ion futhi ama-athomu hlangothi futhi kubonisa ukuthi mancane.

Lokhu value, uma sicabanga ikhambi, igesi noma uketshezi, igcinwe ngalesi lokushisa inenani njalo. Lesi sitatimende kuyiqiniso ngoba colloidal izixazululo.

Ngandlela-thile ezahlukene kunjalo ukudla okuqinile. Kulezi izinto, amandla isilinganiso kinetic kuzo zonke izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ukuze sinqobe amandla okudonsa yamangqamuzana, kodwa ngoba kungaba kuphela ukwenza ukunyakaza emhlabeni iphuzu elithile, okuyinto evamile ithumba yakhoibrium isikhundla elithile nezinhlayiya phezu isikhathi eside. Le mpahla ivumela ukudla okuqinile uzinze ngokwanele yobujamo ivolumu.

Uma sicabangela izimo: ukuphokophela phambili futhi igesi ekahle, lapha amandla isilinganiso kinetic akulona inani, sincike isisindo yamangqamuzana, futhi ngenxa yalokho ichazwe njengoba ukubaluleka okungukuthi ithunzi elehlayo nenani lokushisa ngokuphelele.

Zonke lezi zahlulelo sikunikeze ngenhloso ukutjengisa bona bayazisola evumelekile zonke izinhlobo wokuhlanganisa zithi daba - kunoma yiziphi lezi lokushisa ukhonza njengoba izici eziyinhloko, khomba Dynamics futhi ufake umfutho owengeziwe motion ezishisayo we izakhi. Futhi lokhu okushiwo theory yamangqamuzana-kinetic nokuqukethwe umqondo yakhoibrium ezishisayo.

Njengoba yaziwa, uma izindikimba ezimbili ngokomzimba angene ukubandakanyeka nomunye, inqubo ukushisa exchange kwenzeka phakathi kwazo. Uma umzimba irherho le-closed, okungukuthi, engahambisani nanoma yimiphi imizimba, inqubo yayo nokudlulisa ukushisa kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka edingekayo ukuze uqondanise izinga lokushisa komzimba kanye nemvelo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-yakhoibrium thermodynamic. Lesi siphetho iye ngokuphindaphindiwe kuqinisekiswa imiphumela ucwaningo. Ukuze sithole amandla isilinganiso kinetic kufanele ubheke izici izinga lokushisa komzimba nokugeleza ukushisa exchange yayo izakhiwo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi micro-izinqubo phakathi nomzimba futhi akugcini lapho umzimba engena yakhoibrium ezishisayo. Kuleli zinga, ngaphakathi emzimbeni kukhona ezihambayo molecule ukushintsha velocities zabo, namabhampa ukushayisana. Ngakho-ke kwenziwe kuphela omunye eziningana kwabangelwa ukugomela yethu - ngevolumu umzimba, ingcindezi (in the case of igesi) zingase zehluke, kodwa okushisa zisazohlala njalo. Lokhu waphinda kuqinisekisa Ebhala ngokugomela kokuthi amandla isilinganiso kinetic motion ezishisayo kumasistimu elingalodwa kunqunywa kuphela inkomba lokushisa.

Lokhu umthetho omiswe ngokuhamba ucwaningo, Jean Charles e 1787. Through ucwaningo, it is yaphawula ukuthi lapho amalahle emizimbeni (amagesi) by esilinganayo, ingcindezi yabo washintsha ngokuhambisana nomthetho ithunzi elehlayo. Lokhu okwashiwo kungenzeka ukudala kumadivayisi amaningi ewusizo futhi izinto, ikakhulukazi - thermometer igesi.