Ukusetshenziswa olungenasizathu ingcebo: wamaphepha

Ngenxa yokwenza ibhizinisi udinga amafa ezahlukene isilungisiwe. Kulokhu, akudingekile ukuba azitholele ubunikazi izinto. Le nkampani ukuze ilulame OS nokusetshenziswa oludlulele. Esesizokuhlola ezicashile inqubo.

Uhlolojikelele

Dlulisa kuya ukusetshenziswa oludlulele ka eziningana izici ezithile. umkhuba wakhe ngokuvamile kudidaniswe yokufuna mahhala impahla. Nokho, phakathi kwalezi izinqubo, kunomehluko ayisisekelo. yokufuna Mahhala OS kuhilela ukudluliselwa kobunikazi ephathini kokuthola, futhi ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ukusetshenziswa khulula umnikazi wangempela akashintshi.

Isihloko kuthengiselana

Ilungelo ukusetshenziswa oludlulele kusebenza kuphela izinto ezithile ngamunye. Izinhloso ezahlukene ingaba njengesihluthulelo isihloko kuthengiselana. Okwamanje bayintandokazi ukusetshenziswa oludlulele ingcebo. Siqukethe umhlaba, amabhizinisi, izakhiwo, ibhilidi izakhiwo, ehlukile izinto bemvelo , njll Lezi izinto kufanele non-consumable -. Hhayi ukulahlekelwa izici zemvelo ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa. Lo mthetho yakhelwe ukuqinisekisa ukugcwaliseka izibopho umamukeli ukubuyela into. Ukusebenzisa lo mkhawulo, amaqembu kudingeka ukuqonda ubudlelwano kuyoba ebalulekile kungasiko izakhiwo into njengoba ezifana maqondana ne imininingwane ukusetshenziswa kwaso, kuhlinzekelwe imigomo yesivumelwano. Lokho, operation into kungaphazamisi ukubuya kwakhe uhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukudla - ke izinto ngokuqinisekile consumable. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuvimbela ukudluliswa ngokusebenzisa kwawo ezilinganiselwe embukisweni wezolimo. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuzimisela ngabanye izinto. Lesi sici ikuvumela letichubekako tekuhlola kwekutsi umamukeli wagcwalisa isibopho ukubuyela into ngokwemvelo noma cha.

amadili okukhethekile

ukusetshenziswa olungenasizathu ingcebo has eziningana ukulinganiselwa. Ngo Art. 607 we Code Civil kukhona izinkomba imithetho ethize kuzimo ngabanye kuthengiselana. Ikakhulukazi, sikhuluma kungenzeka wokusungula uhlu izinto, okuyinto anqunyelwe iqashwe khulula, kungavunyelwe noma iyanithobela imithetho ekhethekile. Ngo-Sec. 2 ka-wathi imithetho sihlinzekela ukusungulwa imodi esikhethekile umhlaba nezinye ehlukile izakhiwo zemvelo. Leyo mithetho, izixhumanisi abakhona esihlokweni, yiba umlingisi ezehlukile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngeke bakwazi ukwenza isicelo nezinkontileka lokudluliselwa oludlulele, uma ukuqukatha iziqondiso ezifanele. Banikezwe imithetho discretionary, kungukuthi ayifakiwe, Uma unganakile, izimo eziphikisa. Ngokwesibonelo, izinto, qasha zazo kungavunyelwe, kungenzeka idluliselwe isevisi khulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, umsebenzi ungahle njengezinto zokwanelisa bazibandakanye, lakhishwa kwegazi. izimo ezinjalo zibangelwa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa oludlulele kwempahla noma ngezinye izindlela okuhloswe ukuba kukhawulwe amandla kuqhathaniswa izinto, uma kuqhathaniswa operation ngokushesha bese ekukhokhela.

abahlanganyeli kule kuthengiselana

Njengoba inhlangano ukuhlinzeka into kungenzeka umuntu abanalo ilungelo bachithe kubo. Ngakho, umamukeli kungenzeka lowo ukwazi ngokusemthethweni ukukhipha into yesivumelwano. I umhlanganyeli lokuqala lunikezelwe art. 690 we Code Civil. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kukhona reference to the kungenzeka impahla abanikazi noma nabanye abantu ogunyazwe noma ngokomthetho. Kulesi simo, ingase kwezithibelo ezithile onikezwe umnikazi into. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Art. -346 Civil Code sekuvela ukuthi le mortgagor anganikeza luhlobo ukusetshenziswa khulula kuphela kwemvume pledgee. Ibhizinisi ngumnikazi we ongenza ukhomishana, ngubani usebenza ngaphakathi oda. umthamo ezincane eziningana amathuba zomthetho anikezwa trustee. Kungaba enze ezihlukahlukene ukuthengiselana, afeze ukusetshenziswa oludlulele ingcebo, kodwa ehlangene nezithakazelo zoMbusi umzuzi.

enqabelo

Iqiniso lokuthi sinikeziwe loan luhlobo sivumelwano senziwa mahhala, kudingeka ukuba kukhawulwe, futhi kwezinye izimo i-kungenzeka ejele. Ngokusho imithetho jikelele, enqabelo nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela izintshisekelo hhayi kuphela isihloko engena kuthengiselana, kodwa futhi abanye. Njengoba yokugcina ikakhulu ukukhonza ababolekisi, kanye namalungu ukubambisana nezinye izinhlangano kwezomnotho. Omunye enqabelo esihlokweni samanje. 690 we Code Civil. Regulations akabavumelanga nokuhlinzekwa inhlangano commercial ukusetshenziswa izihloko ukhululekile umuntu umsunguli wayo, inhloko ephathini, ilungu igunya yokuphatha noma zokuphatha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la abadlali bangaba nethonya ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ukwakheka intando yomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, sinomthelela umboleki ukuba ungene esivumelwaneni okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola izinzuzo abantu efakwe ohlwini e Art. 690, n. 2, kuphambene izithakazelo inkampani ngalo zihlotshaniswa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngeke acabangele ubunjalo kuthengiselana, ngokusobala singahlangabezani imigomo eyinhloko enhlanganweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhawulo ingasebenza ukuze elidayisa. Article 37 isigaba se-Code Civil yesibili inikeza abafundisi kanye nabanakekeli amathuba anele mayelana nokulahla izinto okuqondene lesigceme. Nokho, yakha uhlu ukuthengiselana ukuthi engenziwa noma abameleli bakuvuma kuphela uma unemvume kusuka ejensi.

imininingwane ehilelekile

Ngokuvamile, izizathu ukubeka imingcele umsebenzisi lesibili kungekho kuthengiselana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unikezwa iqiniso lokuthi isivumelwano kubhekela izintshisekelo, ngokuyinhloko umamukeli, sivumele isishaya-mthetho kwezinye izimo uyazicabangela inyumbazane ezinengqondo futhi kudingekile kusukela enqabelo ekhona. Ngokwesibonelo, ukugwema ukuthengiselana ababheki / abanakekeli, abangane bomshado futhi izihlobo namaklayenti, Article 37 esigabeni sesithathu sihlinzekela kungenzeka ukudlulisela impahla lisetshenziswa oludlulele zakamuva futhi ngesimo isipho.

ezimweni ezikhethekile

Ngo GC umthetho ekhethekile likhona, umphumela okuhloswe ngalo ekulondolozeni sivumelwano lapho omunye wabahlanganyeli. Kumayelana okulungile ngoba umbolekisi ukulahla isihloko inkontileka noma uzosinika khona ekusebenziseni oludlulele. Art. 700 we Code Civil inikeza ukuthi endabeni ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Ikakhulukazi, ukuthengwa noma ukuqashwa kwezakhiwo / izakhiwo / izakhiwo kanye nezinye izinto lokucabanga ukudluliselwa nezinselele kwezomthetho ukuze umnikazi omusha noma eziqhutshwa umuntu nesivumelwano sokubolekwa wangena ngaphambilini. Lokhu kumisa umthwalo okuhambisanayo. Lokhu Article siphinde sihlinzekele nezinhlelo ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokulandelana phezu ingxenye yomuntu obolekisayo. Esimeni nokufa komuntu noma ibhizinisi kuhlela lwati, imithwalo yabo kanye kungenzeka wezomthetho ukuthuthela indlalifa noma omunye umuntu ukuba amandla efanele. Lolubekwe yokuthi uma ukuguqula noma yiluphi uhlobo okumelwe bakwenze futhi unelungelo lokuthola umuntu osebenza njengokuvimbelayo owalandela, ngaphandle uma kulandela kusukela okushiwo nesivumelwano sokubolekwa. Eminye imithetho isebenza kulo acquirer. Ngokwesibonelo, endabeni nokufa komuntu noma inkampani kabusha, isenzo nesivumelwano sokubolekwa inqanyulwa, ngaphandle uma kulandela kusukela nemigomo yalo.

Isivumelwano ukusetshenziswa uncompensated: isampula

Isivumelwano esenziwe izinhlangano ngokuzithandela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi gratuitousness kusikisela yemfanelo ethile yezinhlangano esebenza njenge ababolekisi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhambisana zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Imitapo", kungenzeka ebhizinisini ngalinye kanye isakhamuzi ukuthola ngesikhathi yonke imibhalo ye-izikhungo, okuyinto kancane noma ngokugcwele zithole uxhaso lwe- isabelomali sikahulumeni, zesifunda noma zendawo. ESahlukweni. 36 we Code Civil ayikho imithetho eziqondile ngokulandelana kumele langena inkontileka futhi ukucacisa ezakheke ngayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Art. 609 akufakiwe ohlwini izihloko, exhumanisa okuyinto eziqukethwe Art. 689, n. 2. Kule ndaba, lapho ekubhaleni isivumelwano kumelwe siqondiswe yiwo izimiso zengqondo. Kahle kahle, lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma kwenziwe sokuqasha khulula kwezakhiwo, izindleko engesiyo izikhathi 10 esingaphansi amaholo, kuthengiselana phakathi izakhamuzi senziwe ngokubhala. Uma isivumelwano phakathi komuntu kanye inkampani ke leli fomu liyadingeka kungakhathaliseki intengo into. Kwezinye izimo, kuba avunyelwe imvume ngomlomo kuthengiselana, kanye esebenzisa nekutsi uphetsa ngalokufanele yini (ekhomba olufanele ngenhloso) senzo. Ngesikhathi ebhala le sivumelwano icacisa isihloko umsebenzi, imisebenzi kanye namalungelo amaqembu, yinkathi oyokwenziwa usebenzisa izakhiwo noma ezinye izinto, umthwalo iqhaza, inqubomgomo yokubuyisela imali.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Endabeni ukwephulwa izidingo kwifomu saziso esibhalwe eze nemiphumela ngaphansi Art. 162 we Code Civil. Ikakhulu, lapho kuphakama ingxabano akuvunyelwe ukuba ubheke ubufakazi obusekela lelo kuthengiselana nokumiswa kwemibandela yayo. Njengoba lishiwo 164 kanye 131 Code Civil futhi amacala umthetho kahulumeni yesivumelwano ukusetshenziswa oludlulele kufanele kubhaliswe. Njengoba ojwayelekile, isivumelwano kuzoxoxwa evumelekile emva nale nqubo.

ezimali

ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi etholakale ukusetshenziswa mahhala, kumele iboniswe ku- balance sheet ama-akhawunti 001. Ngo ukuhlinzeka OS ababulawa imibhalo efanele. Njengoba omunye wabo wenza ukudluliswa isenzo. Isampula le dokhumenti ukhonza njengomdala ngesisekelo ekulobeni-ke inani elilinganisiwe CQ lasebhange. 001. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leyo nto ugcwale yokusungula khadi p. OS-6. Sekwenzekile, inothi mayelana nokusetshenziswa oludlulele kanye ezihlobene off-balance sheet izimali ku-akhawunti. Inventory lezinto ezifana amakhadi kufanele agcinwe ngokwehlukana. Ekuphetheni isivumelwano futhi libuyisele OS ukuba:

1. Okuqukethwe f isenzo. OS-1.
2. Ingabe ekhadini yokusungula ukuqopha ukuhoxiswa iyindlela eyinhloko ukuba off-balance sheet akhawunti.
3. Bhala off credit CQ. 001 enanini lomuzi.

umthwalo

umonakalo kungase kubangelwe ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa komhiaba. Lubhekele isicelo yayo isethi Ch. 36. Ngokusho Art. 697 kuhlinzekelwe umbolekisi uma ngeke ufakazele ukuthi umonakalo kwabangelwa budedengu noma ngenjongo umzuzi noma umuntu okwakuphume kuye into kwenzakala ngemvume yakhe. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu zokususa umthwalo kusukela tortfeasor uba ukungabi khona isono sakhe. Leli lungiselelo isethwe art. 1064 HA (p. 2). Owayebolekisile, Ngakho-ke, kungaba siqondiswe yilo kuyinsakavukela, uma ngesikhathi esifanayo lingekho umamukeli newayini, eyakhe.