Izindaba neNhlanganoImvelo

Isitshalo se-desert saxaul. I-Saksaul: isihlahla sogwadule

I-Saksaul ingeyomndeni wezitshalo ze-amaranth. Lezi zihlahla noma izihlahla ezifinyelela emamitha ayi-12. Njengoba izimpande zayo zinamandla kakhulu, zilungisa izihlabathi futhi zivimbele iziphepho, ngaleyo ndlela zivikela imigodi, imifula kanye nemifula evundile ekuhlaselweni kwesihlabathi esilimazayo, kuphuza ukuqala kwe-solonchaks. Ibuye igcine amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, eqinisa umhlaba ngezindaba eziphilayo, ikhuthaza ukwandisa amandla okudla amadlelo asehlane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-saxaul iyisihlahla esiwugwadule.

Incazelo

Izitshalo ezincane ezincane, izihlahla nezihlahla, ezinamaqabunga amancane noma ngokuvamile ezingenaqabunga, zifana namahlumela amancane ahlangene, okunye kuwela ekwindla. Amapheshana ngezinye izikhathi ahlukile, aphikisanayo, angafani noma ahlaselwa, akhomba noma aphikisayo. Izimbali zithandana nabesifazane. Isithelo yi-oblate-spherical enamaphiko, enomzimba.

Isitshalo sehlane, i- saxaul ihlala kancane kakhulu - ngezinye izikhathi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-60. Ngesikhathi sokuphakama okuncane, izihlahla ezindala zineziqu ezincane ezisezingeni eliphansi (empandeni ubukhulu bayo bufinyelela ku-40 cm). I-trunk ishaya phezulu.

Izindawo zokukhula

I-saxaul emnyama - isitshalo sehlane, isici se-solonchaks kanye nesihlabathi sesifunda saseTurkey. Futhi itholakala eMongolia. Yakha amahlumela amakhulu ezindaweni eziseSandkestan.

Umuthi ukhula emahlane. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-saxaul: ezimhlophe futhi ezimnyama.

I-Saksaul emhlophe

Isitshalo se-desert saxaul white siyisihlahla esikhulu esifinyelela ku-2.5 m ukuphakama, kaningi kangako 5 m. Amaqabunga awo asesimeni esincane. Iphelele, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokudla kwamakamela kuphela unyaka wonke. Badla ukukhula kwawo namagatsha aluhlaza. Amakamela angadla amahlathi ngokuphakama kuze kufike ku-3 m futhi avela esihlahleni esisodwa athole ukudla okufinyelela ku-12 kg. Izimvu ziyatholakala kuphela emahlathini emhlabathini kanye namaqabunga owomile (kuze kube yi-kilogram evela ehlathini). I-saxaul emhlophe inenani eliphakeme lokudla okunomsoco: i-kg kg yokudla iqukethe amayunithi angama-52.3 wefolda, kanye nama-3.7 kg amaprotheni.

I-Saksaul emnyama

Isitshalo esidumile se-desert saxaul i-wilderness siyi-shrub enhle kakhulu, sifinyelela kumamitha angu-7 ukuphakama, nge-trunk ephethe amagatsha. Ipapashwe yizimbewu. Ngokuvamile amafomu e-saxaul amahlathi. Ikhula e-Asia Ephakathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude. Ikhula kahle kakhulu ku-loamy ne-sandy loamy sierozems enomthamo omuhle wokuhlunga, ikakhulukazi phambi kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Iyenzeka kuma-sierozems afana ne-takyr kanye nama-takyrs, nakuba lapha enza amafenethi angenamandla. Ehlukana nomkhiqizo wayo omkhulu wezinyosi, lapho uyihlakulela njengamabhande avikela amadlelo, iyakhula isivuno sobuningi bezitshalo emadlelweni asezindaweni eziseduze. Amagatsha esitshalo adliwa kalula ngamakamela kunamhlophe, anezibambiso eziningi zokudoba.

Saksaul Zaisan

Ihlane eliyincithakalo i-saxaul Zaisan ngezinye izikhathi libonwa njengezinhlobo ze-black saxaul. It ikhula phezu solonchak nenhlabathi enhlabathini. Unesitokisi esinamandla esontekile nesigatsha. Amagatsha ahlanganiswe namagatsha amancane amancane afaka amaqabunga. Zancipha zibe izikali ezincane. Izimbali zingenakuqhathaniswa, ezincane, zihlezi ema-axil of scales; Ihlanganisa amaqabunga ama-5 avulekile, ama-stamens ama-5, ne-1 pestle, enama-stigmas angu-5.

Esikhathini esibelethweni kukhona i-ovule eyodwa, eqala ukuba inzalo ene-embryo inxeba lokuvunguza. Izinkuni zalo zinzima kakhulu, kuyilapho zibuthakathaka, azihambisani nezandla zobuciko, nakuba zinika uphethiloli omuhle kakhulu. I-Saksaul ikhula kancane futhi ivuselela ngobunzima obukhulu, inqunywe. E-Iran, e-Afghanistan, eSpain naseNyakatho Afrika, kunezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, kodwa zivame kakhulu.

Sebenzisa

I-saxaul ye-desert egwadule, noma kunalokho igxolo layo, yiyona engcono kakhulu yamafutha. Kunzima kakhulu futhi kunzima, kunzima kakhulu ukusika futhi ukubona, ngakho-ke, iphukile. Ngokukhiqizwa kwama-kilojoule kudlula izinkuni ze-oki, i-birch kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalahle asohlaza. Ushisa izinkuni, amalahle abalulekile kakhulu, asetshenziselwa kakhulu izitshalo ezihlukahlukene. I-saxaul ye-desert ye-desert isikhathi eside e- Central Asia yilawo kuphela amafutha. Waqothulwa ngenhlonipho, washaywa futhi waphuma ngamakamela ehlane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izihlabathi, ezingenazo izimpande eziqinile zokuqala, zaqala ukuhamba kalula ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya, zaqala ukuhamba, zaphenduka iziduna.

Lesi sitshalo sasisetshenziswa ezitimeleni, emizaneni nasezintabeni. Amagatsha kanye nezihlahla ze-saxaul, ngokuzikhukhumeza kwabo okungajwayelekile, baya ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, kanye nokugxilwa kwemithombo.

Futhi i-saxaul ibizwa ngokuthi i-scout yamanzi: kulezo zindawo lapho amanzi emhlabathini ehamba khona, izihlahla ezide nezincane ze-saxaul ziqala ukukhula. Ngesisindo esincane sezitshalo izimpande zomshoshaphansi zifinyelela ema-atmospheres angu-5, ngaleyo ndlela e-saxaul kuze kube ngu-100! Ngamandla afanayo, uyasusa umquba wamanhlabathi emhlabathini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-saxauldrons inokubaluleka okukhulu kwezomnotho ekuthuthukisweni okusebenzayo kwemfuyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kanye nenye yezimboni zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu - ukukhiqiza karakul.

Ngokucabangela izitshalo zokwelapha eRussia, i-saxaul kufanele ikhethwe ngokuhlukile. Kufakwe ekudleni kwama-gerbils amakhulu. Ukusebenzisa amahlumela alo njengendlela yokudla, i-gerbil ingaveza ukuhlukaniswa okuphawulekayo kwe-phytomass, ngaleyo ndlela ibe nobuhlobo bokuncintisana nezilwane ezihlukahlukene zezolimo. Umsebenzi we-burrowing walezi zilwane uthinta kakhulu isitshalo, njengoba befa uma ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwazo izilwane zihlela ikamelo labo lokuhlala.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxenye "zebhizinisi" ezingenasisekelo ze-gerbils ezinkulu, ezisezingeni elikhulu phakathi kokuhlwanyela kwe-saxaul, cishe zidlala indima enhle, ngaleyo ndlela zenzele ukuqoqwa kwendaba ephilayo kanye nokungena kwamanzi emhlabathini. Ngokumelene ne-gerbil enkulu, noma kunjalo, ekutshalweni okufakelwayo kwalesi sitshalo ezimweni ze-gypsum-rubly ehambayo kuyadingeka ukuba njalo uqhube izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokulwa, ngoba lokhu kuyoholela ekulondolozeni okuqinisekisiwe kwezitshalo.

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