"Big Samashumi Amabili": umlando kanye imigomo yenhlangano. Yimaphi amazwe afakiwe G20?

Kuleli inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe sezwa eziningi. Lapho kwakukhona "Big Samashumi Amabili"? Yiziphi izinjongo nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano iforamu? Yimaphi amazwe afakiwe G20? Konke lokhu - esihlokweni sethu.

Umlando wenhlangano

Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule umbuzo kumaphi amazwe angamalungu G20, kufanele libeke kafushane umlando kule nhlangano. Futhi, uma yasungulwa.

"Big Twenty", "Iqembu Samashumi Amabili" noma nje i-G20 - iforamu international global okuletha ndawonye umnotho wezwe ehola. Emazweni ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu le nhlangano, it is bagxila-85% azo zonke yohwebo emhlabeni.

ngonyaka G20 indalo 1999. Isinqumo ohambelana on ukusungulwa iforamu esinjalo esasenziwe emhlanganweni ezezimali izikhonzi "Big Seven" e-Washington. Eyokuqala ukufakwa lenkomfa labetibambile ngoDisemba kulo nyaka e-Berlin.

Umfutho ukusungulwa G20 isibe okuthiwa East crisis Asian kwezomnotho kuka-1998, imiphumela eyayiphazamisa cishe yonke le mbulunga. "Amandla ukuthi kube" baye baqaphela isidingo inhlangano olunjalo emhlabeni wonke ezingase ukubikezela futhi kuvimbele zinhlekelele efanayo ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwaba khona inhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi yi G33, okuyinto kuhlangene, ngokulandelana, ngo-33 States. Nokho, esikhathini esingaphansi nje konyaka, yena lalenziwa G20. Yimaphi amazwe afakiwe ngezithako zawo? Funda ngakho kulesi sigaba esilandelayo.

amazwe G20: uhlu amalungu

Ngokuthakazelisayo, abafundela "Iqembu Samashumi Amabili" athathwa kuphela izikhonzi kwala mazwe womabili - United States nase-Canada. Yimaphi amazwe afakiwe G20 namuhla?

I-International Forum kuhlanganisa 19 iminotho eziholayo European Union njengoba inhlangano ngokuhlanganyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlangano ne-G20 ngokuvamile abakhona, kanye nabamele nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe - IMF, i-World Bank, i-European Central Bank.

Ngezansi kunezinye wonke amazwe G20 (uhlu njengoba ka 2015):

1. Australia.
2. Argentina.
3. Brazil.
4. Canada.
5. EMexico.
6. US.
7. Republic of South Africa.
8. Japan.
9. South Korea.
10. Russia.
11. India.
12. Indonesia.
13. China.
14. Saudi Arabia.
15. Turkey.
16. UK.
17. Italy.
18. Germany.
19. France.

Wonke amazwe-kubahlanganyeli iforamu ngamazwe ziboniswa ophuzi ebalazweni elingezansi (States luhlaza te ngaphezulu esikhethiweyo ukuthi ayingxenye "big eziyisikhombisa").

G20: injongo netimphawu

Inhlangano yasungulwa enenhloso eyodwa eyinhloko: ukufeza ukukhula ozinzile futhi esimeme emnothweni wezwe ukuze kuzuze wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, emazweni emhlabeni.

Ifomu eyinhloko umsebenzi - kungcono emihlanganweni futhi Izingqungquthela Ngesimo ukuthi amazwe G20 ilungu-uvakashele njalo ngonyaka. Minyaka yonke sikhetha isimo esisodwa sifeze indima yokuba inhloko yenhlangano. Iphinde kwenziwe futhi esiqongweni esilandelayo. G20 likanobhala interim futhi itholakala kuleli zwe.

Ungacabangi ukuthi imisebenzi G20 anqunyelwe kuphela Izingqungquthela Ngesimo, okwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Bathi nje akhombisa plan of action kanye nemisebenzi enikezwe umsebenzi uyaqhubeka emaqenjini ahlukahlukene ukusebenza neminyango zezinkonzo. Phakathi ezimqoka inhlangano - ukuthola izindlela usimamise umnotho, ukuthuthukiswa izakhiwo zezimali zomhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, ukuvikeleka kokudla, isinqumo ezinkingeni zokonakala ngisho ngezimali kanye nokugqugquzela izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene kwemvelo nesimo sezulu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlaka G20 ngokuvamile ikufanele ukugxekwa. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi yakhiwa 173 akuyona ingxenye isimo iplanethi. Okwesibili, ukuntuleka obala emsebenzini wonke inhlangano.

I Izingqungquthela wonyaka "Big Twenty"

Izingqungquthela Lonyaka iqhaza omongameli kanye ondunankulu nokuba yiNhlangano "Big Twenty" waqala ukufeza ngo-2008. Sokuqala senzeka e-Washington futhi ngokuthi anti-Inkinga. Udaba esiyinhloko ingxoxo ngesikhathi ajenda isiqongo kwaba kunezinkinga zemali lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo 2007-2008.

Ngonyaka ka-2009 no-2010, G-20 isiqongo kabili. Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi ukubaluleka okukhulu kwaba Seoul Summit, eyaqala ngo-November 2010. On ke, ngokukhethekile, isihloko inqubomgomo US yemali China. A nomthelela omkhulu umphakathi wezwe futhi kwabangela esiqongweni Australian eBrisbane ngo-2014. Wakhuliswa izinkinga ezintathu ngokucindezela: siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo, isimo esibucayi-Ukrainian futhi inkinga yezokuphepha global iyonke.

ERussia kanye G-20

Ngo-2014, i-Russia ngaphandle ngesikhathi isakhiwo, kunalokho, okwesikhashana samalungu alo iqembu G8. Ngakho, "Big Eight" wayesebuyele ifomethi G7. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, kwabikwa ukuthi kwakubulawa Russia uhlose ukuphuca ilungelo iqhaza iforamu futhi G20.

I ezibucayi kakhulu Russian Federation namuhla setha Australia. Uhulumeni ka izwe eliyisiqhingi usegxeke Russia ka kokuba sengozini, "i-Boeing MD-17" esibhakabhakeni phezu Donbas. Nokho, Summit Australian eBrisbane, ithimba Russian umenyiwe. Esikhathini "Big Twenty," lesi sinqumo sithathwe ngenxa yethemba ukuthi kuzosiza "ukuphungula ukungezwani geopolitical" emhlabeni.

Ekuphetheni ...

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi kumaphi amazwe angamalungu G20. I-International Organisation kwakhiwa ngo-1999. Ekuqaleni, wahlela futhi baqhuba imihlangano kanye nokubonisana phakathi izikhonzi ezezimali yezifunda ezihlukahlukene. Kamuva, inhloko emazweni ehilelekile G20, kanye nenhlangano waqala ukusingatha izinkinga ngaphezulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Isakhiwo yesimanje ye-G20 kuhlanganisa 19 uthi ezimele basemazwekazini ahlukahlukene, kanye inhlangano collective - I-European Union (EU).