Izimbangela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

Amazwe lokuqala ehilelekile kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, baba Serbia futhi-Austria-Hungary. Imicimbi eyaholela ekuqaleni ingxabano, kwaba kokubulawa iNkosana Franz Ferdinand wase-Austria. Ngemva kwalokho, uhulumeni wase-Austria-Hungary isikhathi eside kwaholela ezingxoxweni ngalokho impendulo ukusithatha Serbia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlangothini Austrian ukhathazwa ukunwetshwa ensimini Serbian ngesikhathi 1912-1913. ngenxa izimpi Balkan, nezinsongo zokuzibulala ababevela eNingizimu lwamaSlav. Elinye iphuzu akazange abanike ukuphumula: kungakhathaliseki Russia ngabe thimu Serbia. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, kwakudingekile ukuba acele lweJalimane. Kule minyaka engu-Austro-Hungary kwaba ally kungenzeka kuphela, ngakho-ke noma kunjalo ayikwazi esimweni esinzima.

Ngo-1913, i-Russia ayikwazanga ukusekela Serbia, edinga usizo wakhe ukulondoloza isimo e-Adriatic, futhi ngo-1914, ngaphandle esikhundleni asizakale olulindelekile, Russia nitinikele ukuba buthaka usithonye emazweni aseBalkan.

Izimbangela ubunjalo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala esesimweni ngamazwe esishubile. Germany wayazi ukuthi impi sasingagwemeki. Ongaziwa kungenzeka kuphela. Phela, kubalulekile ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele, kanti eRussia ayizange lidlule kabusha, eFrance - Lapho kuhlelwa kabusha izikhundla ebusosheni, futhi hhayi yasayina isivumelwano lesi sikhundla esinemali eligudle ugu phakathi kweBrithani ne-Russia. Ngakho-ke, ohlangothini-German engathathwa ekuqaleni isinyathelo sezempi njengoba indlela kuphela ukufeza nokubuswa kwezwe.

Isizathu kwaba kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye izingalo uhlanga, lapho yonke imibuso emikhulu ababehilelekile. Awukho umbuso awuzange nangayiphi indlela yilabo emandleni amabutho nabanye, ngakho leli qiniso ayikwazi kubhekwe njengendlela isivikelo. Izwe bafuna ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa ayo izikhali futhi hhayi ngempela ukwesabe ezempi uhlelo nabaphikisi. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi eBrithani ababekwazi ashona ngaphambi amandla lasolwandle isiJalimane, kodwa ethanda sokuqinisa ithonya zabo futhi bathole ulwandle yokudlondlobala kumnyama kubomvu.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-1914, izimbangela zezinkumbulo kweMpi Yezwe I beyimabhombo kakhulu, usethe komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba ukuqaphela ukuthi isinyathelo sezempi kungagwenywa cha. France ngenxa empini 1870 sahlala unganeme ukulahlekelwa ezindaweni of Alsace kanye Lorraine, eJalimane, kunalokho, waneliswa isikhundla sakhe, uzizwa ungcono kunabantu bezinye izinhlanga lempi phezu kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX kwaphawulwa ukuqonda isidingo uzimele geqe ngo eziningana emazweni usongo ukuba khona yoMbuso wase-Ottoman futhi Habsburg bukhosi, ngenxa yalokho, okwaholela ukuntengantenga ohlelweni ngamazwe.

Izimbangela kweMpi Yezwe I, ngokuvumelana abalandeli kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kaMarx, kwakufanele zengqondo abasiphikisayo phakathi Junkers futhi Umninindawo Russian. Baphetha ngempela uhlu olude nezinye izimfanelo: umzabalazo yensimbi namalahle, ojantshi, ayezozibusa, amakoloni, ukuphikisana kazwelonke. Ayikho indima ezingabalulekile futhi indima ubuntu emlandweni. Ngokwesibonelo, uMongameli French Anri Puankare wachitha esengumntwana endaweni Lorraine, okwakubekelwa ilawulwa amaJalimane. Leli qiniso ayikwazanga kodwa kuthinta izenzakalo zomlando esizayo.

Izimbangela kweMpi Yezwe I namanje Sihlala la maphuzu alandelayo. Russia e wokubusa uNicholas II yaba nobunzima ezihambayo wezimpahla ngokusebenzisa le Bosporus kanye iDardanelles, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi alimala kwezomnotho abalulekile. Wayedinga ukukhulula esidayisa futhi itheku yeBlack Sea, njengoba eziyinhloko ezithunyelwa kwamanye yokusanhlamvu badabula iConstantinople. Ngu-1904, phakathi Russia nase France wadala umfelandawonye ngokuthi-Triple Entente. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, iRussia yasayina isivumelwano ne eBrithani ukurhunyezwa wemikhakha ithonya emazweni anjenge-Afghanistan, asePheresiya Tibet. Naphezu ukufinyelela isivumelwano phakathi oMfelandawonye ngo-1907 azikwazanga kubhekwe njengendlela Abezempi, okungakwazi ishiwo Triple Alliance. Lokhu isimo Entente atholwe kuphela ngo-1914 emva ukusayinwa kwesivumelwano ezinyunyana phakathi Russia, iBrithani neFrance, ukuze waive isibopho ukuphetha ukuthula ahlukene nezitha.

Lawa kwakungamadodana kwezimbangela eziyinhloko kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, elaqala Julayi 28, 1914.