Izindaba UmphakathiUhlobo

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-imbali - kuba ... izingxenye eyinhloko imbali: pistil kanye stamens

Zezitshalo zibale ezingaphezu kuka-360 eziyinkulungwane izinhlobo phakathi izitshalo zom. Futhi kule ndaba is hhayi kuqeda. Izimbali atholakala kusukela ezishisayo kuya emathafeni - kuzo zonke izindawo zezulu planethi. Ziyakwazi yonke indawo: ezingwadule, amahlathi, emaqeleni, emaxhaphozini nasemachibini, ogwini futhi ezinkangala. Lesi simila izimbali zakha ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi indaba uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Siyabonga kubo, ekhiqizwa isitshalo ukudla - okusanhlamvu, imifino kakhulu futhi izithelo, izithelo kanye amantongomane.

Abantu yibona ababaluleke kakhulu angiosperms (zom igama lesibili) imbali. Izingxenye eziyinhloko imbali - a pistil kanye stamens. Ngenxa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi impova kanye kokukhulelwa, ne iqhaza zabo imbewu ifomu - ekusekeleni ukuphila kanye ukuvela izitshalo emhlabeni.

Imbali: isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi

izitshalo Ephakeme akhiwe izimpande, sifanamsindvo namahlamvu nezimbali, okuyinto ziyakufinyezwa futhi ilungiswe stem. Umsuka, ekunqandeni kanye namahlamvu - vegetative izingxenye ukuthi banesibopho ukukhula kwezitshalo. Imbali - elementi okuzala ka Izitho zokuzala. Ngokuvamile, izimbali Banamathele pedicels - kangaka okuthiwa eyinkimbinkimbi ingxenye stem ngaphandle amaqabunga. Kwezinye izitshalo peduncles ongekho noma ngokulambisa wazwakalisa. It - izimbali sessile. Peduncle yandisa, ezihambayo phakathi ayesisebenzisa.

Sibala kusukela phansi kuze, kusukela peduncle, izingxenye eziyinhloko imbali. Lokhu ayesisebenzisa, okuyinto isisekelo sokuthethelelwa nokubekwa tincenye letisele imbali. Iyatholakala kungenzeka izimo ezahlukahlukene kusukela oyindilinga, efana magnolia ukuba indiza (camomile) noma ngisho ngilugweda (rosehips), kuqale inkomishi, kwakhiwa sepals okuyinto. ngokuvamile green, kodwa ungakwazi ngokukhazimulayo ezinemibala. Calyx kungenzeka single-irowu noma epicalyx kwakhiwa kusukela esiyindilinga sepals yesibili. Okulandelayo - the Corolla imbali, eyakhiwa amacembe. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezimbali Corolla elikhulu: umbala, umbala umfutho, usayizi, inombolo, isimo, ilungiselelo mutual, cleavage amacembe.

Ngokuqoqekile, sepals kanye amacembe ezakha perianth - amboze imbali. Ezinye izimila eziqhakazayo abanalo amacembe, noma bengenayo zehluke sepals. Ezimweni ezinjalo, perianth ilula; ibizwa ngokuthi kabili uma kukhona sepal futhi amacembe. Perianth - oyinyumba neseleko imbali. Imisebenzi izimbali eyabelwe perianth - lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela carpel (pistil noma carpel) kanye isiqinisekiso impova. Imibala egqamile futhi ekhangayo nephunga Corolla ukunikeza izinambuzane ngokuvakashela izitshalo.

I bracts beba semathubeni, okungenani ingxenye enkulu imbali. It gynoecium, kulula - the pistil, lapho lakhiwa ovules nge ayesisebenzisa ukuze gametophyte (megaspores). Kuyinto izitho zesifazane zokuzala imbali. I bracts futhi kuyinto isitho sowesilisa sobulili, iyunithi kwesakhiwo okuyinto - stamen. Ngokuqoqekile, stamens abizwa ngokuthi androecium. I anthers stamen kwakhiwa microspores. Bakha okusanhlamvu impova - gametophyte besilisa.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko imbali

I pistil kanye stamens kukhona izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba - ukusatshalaliswa iduna nensikazi amaseli lwegciwane. It - gametophytes, into okuyinto kuphakama kusukela confluence imbewu, nemithi yezithelo izimbali. Pistil (carpel lesifanele ukuyibiza) siqukethe esibelethweni, ikholomu (ezinye izimbali ayikanye), kanye nenhlamba. Esikhathini esibelethweni kukhona umbungu esakeni target yayo ovules. Phezulu ikholomu iphela inhlamba, lapho impova imisiwe. Kumiswa It is in the stamens (mikrosporolistikah). stamen ejwayelekile inezingxenye ezimbili: kwayo (oyinyumba, oyinyumba ingxenye) kanye evundile anther (okuzala) umsebenzi.

Monoecious futhi dioecious

Mayelana 75% zezintaka angiosperms kukhona hermaphroditic (hermaphroditic) izimbali - benomthwalo stamens futhi pistils. Lezi izitshalo kukhona monoecious (isibonelo - ummbila). Zikhona izitshalo lapho abanye abantu - izimbali staminate kuphela, nabanye - kuphela pistillate. Zibizwa ngokuthi dioecious (isibonelo - Hemp).

Inqubo impova

Ingqikithi iwukuba hit impova impova eningi ngehlazo stamens. Kungaba self-impova, isibonelo zakudala zazo bubonakala izimbali engadalulwanga (ezinye izinhlobo violets, amantongomane, ibhali). Eyesibili indlela - uMhloli Wemiqulu ezenzeka izimbali kakhulu. Ezinye abathwali impova: umoya, amanzi, izinambuzane, izintuthwane, izinyoni.

kokukhulelwa double

Ngezinye confluence gametes besilisa (isidoda) kusukela gamete zesifazane (oocyte) kokukhulelwa kwenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ku inhlamba, okunamathelayo olumanzi uketshezi elimnandi, lihluma impova stamens. Ngo hizinisi lihluma iqala ezikhulayo impova ishubhu - a eside kakhulu futhi mncane kakhulu. It ingena phakathi esibelethweni eduze ovules. Ekupheleni amashubhu emibili exhunywe isidoda. Ovule, ehlanganisa amaseli ukuthuthukisa ngaphakathi esibelethweni. Iqanda iseduze pyltsevhodu, okuyinto lingena pyltsetrubka. Okunye amaseli, yesibili, etholakala maphakathi esibelethweni. Pyltsetrubka Ukuvutha futhi kokubili isidoda aphume kulo. Omunye ungena cytoplasm futhi nucleus fuses iqanda, kanye nezinye - ingena phakathi iseli yesibili. Kokukhulelwa kwenzeka futhi iqanda iqala ukwehlukana ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngawo eba igciwane zalesi sihlahla. Iseli yesibili njengoba ukuvunda bese ziqala ukwehlukana esebumba endosperm - ithala reserve asinikeza umbungu. Lokhu yakha imbewu.

Kafushane mayelana umsebenzi izimbali

Izimbali izitshalo ku izitshalo iplanethi anesikhundla evelele ekuthuthukisweni yayo, kanye phakathi ezincelisayo nezilwane. Injongo wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo - ukunweba nomndeni wabo, ukudala ukuqhubeka yayo. esifanayo ngesasasa nangokuqiniseka zezimbali. izitho abo okuzala, enza umsebenzi imifanekiso, kukhona izimbali. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-imbali - lokhu gynoecium (pestle) kanye androecium (stamen) akha amaseli ubulili - gametes. Ngo izimbali emva impova ocansini - copulation of gametes. Ngenxa kokukhulelwa double of ovules we esibelethweni eba esikhumbeni imbewu inqolobane izakhamzimba. Lena - ukuqala impilo entsha yizizukulwane ezizayo emikhayeni zezimbali.

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