Izinhlobo dispositions emthethweni lobugebengu: izibonelo. Concept futhi izinhlobo dispositions futhi unswinyo

Ukusetshenziswa kahle umthetho lobugebengu yesimanje kuhilela ukuqonda isakhiwo iqukethe amalungiselelo angokomthetho, okuyizinto inkulumo ngqo intando umthetho isimo-bebeka imithetho njengoba oyisibopho ukuziphatha futhi ukunquma unswinyo afanele ukuhlukumeza lakamuva.

isakhiwo Classical yamazinga zomthetho

Noma yimuphi umthetho wamanje has a isakhiwo classical ukuthi ezinezinto ezihlobene ezinjalo, njengoba umbono ocatshangelwayo, isimo sengqondo somuntu imvume.

Hypothesis kubonisa izimo specific khona (noma ukungabi khona) zazo lo mthetho kumele zisebenze. Hypothesis bangayiqonda imodeli abstract kokuziphatha ne ethize isimo, indawo kanye nesikhathi, noma nge-subject ethize.

Onesimo iqukethe amalungelo kufanele ukuqhuba okumele ilandelwe yibo bonke abathintekayo kulolu daba izikhonzi ubudlelwane zomthetho.

Imvume ichaza labo noma ezinye imiphumela emibi ukuthi kumele kwenzeke ngenxa yokwephulwa imithetho emisiwe isimo sengqondo. I imvume luwukubonakaliswa ecacile isimo sengqondo esingaqondile isimo begodu ulise kwezinkambiso zomthetho.

Lesi sakhiwo emithathu isici ikuvumela ukuba uqonde lokho onesimo futhi ukuthi ihlangana kanjani, kanye kuvumela ngezinga eliphezulu esebenza ukunikeza ukuzimisela ocacile we yokuziphatha okufanele. Yokuntula isakhi esisodwa noma ezinye izici ezingenhla lusenza ukusungula bha ukuthi lokhu noma ukuthi isakhiwo okunengqondo umthetho zisemthethweni noma cha.

Isakhiwo umthetho lobugebengu

Ukuze usebenzise umthetho lobugebengu kahle nangempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini kukhona umqondo kanye nesakhiwo umthetho lobugebengu.

umthetho Criminal, ngokuba abazalwa a classic kwezinkambiso zomthetho, Nokho, kuhluke izici ezithile eziqondile yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu, okusho ukuba khona izakhi ezimbili nje. Kwezinkambiso ezibekwe Jikelele Ingxenye Criminal Code, akhiwe izakhi ezifana umbono futhi imvume, futhi ezilotshwe Special Ingxenye Criminal Code, akhiwe dispositions futhi unswinyo.

Ukuze izinhlinzeko zomthetho eziqukethwe Special Ingxenye Criminal Code, umbono olujwayelekile futhi ikhonjiswe kahle isakhiwo ezifana: "Uma isihloko yenza isenzo ekhubazekile ...". Ngakho-ke, lesi sigebengu umthetho amalungiselelo Code Criminal, liqine izici nezici Torts ethize, kanye unswinyo, ezisetshenziswa ikhomishana wale mithandazo, umbono ayicacisiwe futhi kuyincazelo kuphela, futhi izinhlobo dispositions futhi unswinyo esebeka imininingwane esiphezulu.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-oyisazi kukhona umbono ukuthi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isakhiwo yomthetho lobugebengu empeleni samanje izakhi ezimbili kuphela, kukhona umbono ocacile ngokuphelele ivumela basabheka ke njengoba isakhiwo classical (hypothesis, indlela lativa ngayo, imvume).

Onesimo - Umqondo

Ngu isimo sengqondo umthetho lobugebengu kumelwe liqondwe ukuthi isici yayo kwesakhiwo, okuyinto definition esinqunyiwe Kucatshangwa yilo tort ilungiselelo, kanye nengoma yayo.

ngezigaba dispositions

Ngu design futhi uqondise okuqukethwe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo dispositions emthethweni lobugebengu:

• Simple - ngokuthi tort, kodwa akazange ukudalula lezi zimpawu.
• Okuchazayo - iqukethe incazelo olunzulu timphawu letibalulekile tort.
• Izikhombo - alimchazi izimpawu tort, futhi siphinde sihlinzekele nangezinhlelo zokusungulwa wale mithandazo ubheke iyiphi enye into Criminal Code.
• Kwengubo - ukusungula ubufakazi tort ibhekisela nasezenzweni zokulawula wezomthetho isimo sokungakhethi kwesikhwama lobugebengu.
• Sebebonke (noma okuxubile) - kuhlanganisa noma iyiphi izimpawu inkomba noma ingubo onesimo ngokuhlanganyela izimfanelo ezihlobene yimuphi omunye onesimo.

Izinhlobo dispositions: elula, achazayo

Ngakho, sicabanga kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini kukhona izinhlobo dispositions emthethweni lobugebengu.

onesimo Simple uveza kuphela eyodwa noma nezinye tort, kodwa akazange ukudalula izimpawu zakhe, ngoba okushiwo yokugcina kusobala futhi ngaphandle okukhulunywa nganoma imiphi imininingwane. Isingeniso umthetho lobugebengu lolu hlobo dispositions wabizela yilo ukucabangela ukuthi enforcers umthetho ngeke uhlangabezana nobunzima ekuqondeni izincazelo esetshenziswa nokuchazwa kwayo ezengeziwe abafanele liyadingeka. Njengoba isibonelo, cabanga dispositions Article 126 of Criminal Code - ukuthumba.

onesimo okuchazayo ayihlanganisi kuphela ukuzimisela tort langempela, kodwa futhi incazelo oluphelele izici zayo eziyinhloko. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi sihloko 158 CC tort - ukweba - lichazwa ngokuthi ephelele imfihlo ngendlela ukuntshontshwa kwesinye isakhiwo. Lezi zinhlobo dispositions emthethweni lobugebengu kuyizinto ezivamile.

Izinhlobo dispositions: inkomba, ingubo kuhlanganiswe

Izikhombo indlela lativa ngayo, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, akuchazi tort, futhi iqukethe isikhalo kunoma iyiphi enye into Criminal Code, belinganisa izici yokugcina. Lokhu kungabi sengxenyeni ezingadingekile futhi sibe nzima lobugebengu umthetho ezinikezwa. Ticukatsilwati ayesetshenziselwa nenkhulumombiko efomini. Esimweni sokuqala wabonisa izimpawu, okuyinto kufanele noma kube khona noma ngingekho tort. Esimeni sesibili, yimuphi umqondo wembula kanye bese isetshenziswa dispositions ezinye namazinga.

Kwengubo dispositions emthethweni lobugebengu iqukethe ukubhekisela kwezinkambiso equkethwe komunye izindawo umthetho - kwemvelo, civil, ukusebenza, njll Lezi zinhlobo dispositions emthethweni lobugebengu .. lisetshenziswe lezo zihloko owenza izindlela isibopho sezomthetho ngenxa yokwephula imithetho ethile (traffic, isikhali handling, umsebenzi wokwakha, njalonjalo. d.). Okwenezela kulezi imithetho kakhulu efanayo yomthetho lobugebengu baye ngabe kwabangela kwetintfo enkulu yokugcina, kanye izinguquko ayekufuna kuye, njalo ngenxa izinguquko ezenziwe imithetho okukhulunywa.

Okuhlanganisiwe (okuxubile) onesimo ingaqukatha noma ireferensi izimpawu ingubo dispositions, futhi iyiphi enye, ngokuvamile elula noma okuchazayo.

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo umbuzo yini isimo sengqondo, Kumele okwengeziwe kubhekwe ukuthi lena exhunywe ngqo akuloba engxenyeni yokugcina yencwadi yomthetho lobugebengu njengendlela imvume.

Imvume - umqondo

Isijeziso ibizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo ukuqondisa isici umthetho lobugebengu (eziqukethwe Special Ingxenye CC), owenza izindlela yobukhulu nokusakazeka ukushintshashintsha isijeziso Kucatshangwa ngoba beshaya tort onesimo echazwe kokubusa. Through the unswinyo lesishaya, sihlole intuthuko ingozi emphakathini, okuyinto libhekene tort.

izinhlobonhlobo unswinyo

Asetshenziswe lobugebengu umthetho unswinyo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka degree of ngokuqiniseka, okuyilezi:

• Nakanjani - setha njengoba uhlobo kuphela isigwebo futhi akuwona amaza value othize. Ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, labo unswinyo azisetshenziswa, ngoba ukusetshenziswa ayikuvumeli ukuba sifeze individualization isijeziso esekelwe ezimweni we tort ethile, kanye ubuntu izici isephulamthetho tesifundvo.
• Ngokulinganiswa ezithile - ukusetha uhlobo oluthile isijeziso, kanye ilinganiselwe ngokomthetho kuchazwa, ngokucacisa ubuncane futhi seqiwe isijeziso noma nje esiphezulu.
• Alternative - ukusungula izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu isijeziso (imisebenzi noma okuhle noma umphakathi, noma aboshwe, njll ...) Lokho ingasetshenziswa beshaya tort abafanele kokuqala kokubili izici wale mithandazo, futhi kufaneleka.

Ngakho, kokucubungula ngenhla izibonelo dispositions futhi unswinyo emthethweni lobugebengu, kungashiwo wawuthi uhlelo wale mithandazo, kanye isakhiwo bezimiso zawo ukuhlinzekela isicelo ezifanele futhi ezisebenzayo esisebenzayo yomthetho lobugebengu, okuvumela ukuba silondoloze umthetho nokuhleleka emphakathini ezingeni elifanele.