I kabusha ongumlimi ka 1861. Izimbangela nemiphumela

Phakade emlandweni Russia, u-Alexander II uzohlala njengoba umkhululi we serfs. Izinguquko ka-Alexander II kwaba umgomo wentando yeningi kanye kancane kancane njalo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinguquko kancane kancane - imfihlo wokubusa inkosi abanekhono. Futhi yesibili, u-Alexander ezazazi imfihlo kuya ngokugcwele.

U-Alexander-yesibili kusukela ebusheni bakhe kuqhubeke matasa ongumlimi kabusha. Nokho, ukuqala, sabona kanye kuphela kuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi. Yayiyini izizathu isifiso esinjalo oshisekayo wokukhulula nkosi ka serfs?

1) U-Aleksandru umkhandi okwesibili, njengesicelo Umbusi ohlakaniphile nabanekhono wayeqonda ukuthi serfdom amabhuleki isimo. Sekuyisikhathi eside Kusukela ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiluphi timphawu inceku emhlabeni European wenqaba. Russia nazo zaqhubeka zikhona manqikanqika, ngoba ukwesaba ukuthi abantu bayosabela lokufeza kabusha. Ngokusho u-Alexander II, izinguquko ongumlimi kwaba ukuqeda izimbangela eziyisisekelo zazo zonke eRussia emuva imibuso yezwe.

2) U-Alexander wayeqiniseka kakhulu ukuba khona serfdom kuleli zwe kubi ngoba ikhono ukuzivikela waseRussia. Serfdom eRussia kwaholela ukwehla simo phakathi kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhosi amaningi aseYurophu kubhekwe hlisa bakhe ukuba baqhubeke ezindabeni Russian. uthanda ezinsukwini zika ERussia yasendulo, lapho uVladimir ayikwazanga uwine esandleni inkosazana waseConstantinople kuphela ngoba wayengumuntu weZizwe nje.

3) Ungakhohlwa ukuthi inkosi entsha wakhuliswa umoya wokukhanya kanye nentando yeningi. nezazi-Creative Sekuyisikhathi eside wakhuthaza for the ukuqedwa serfdom. Mfundisi ka-Alexander II ebusheni bakhe wayengumuntu Vasily Zhukovsky, ngubani wayengumholi wakwa nezazi okudala XIX leminyaka. Kuthathwa ngumfundisi Zhukovsky Pushkin. Ngokusho u-Alexander II, ongumlimi kabusha kufanele abe nethonya elihle ingxenye obungokomoya balabo umphakathi waseRussia.

Kusukela ngokuba kabusha seluqaliwe ngo-1857, lapho le nkosi wadala ekomidini imfihlo. Ikhomishana Imfihlo kwaba ukuthuthukisa uhlelo, lapho ukuqedwa serfdom lalizoba bushelelezi kakhulu futhi ukucasha.

Inkinga eyinhloko eyenzelwa inkosi emelelwa izithakazelo kokuphikisa serfs kanye izikhulu. Ezicukuthwaneni babeqiniseka ngobuqotho ukuthi ukuqedwa serfdom, izwe elihle akukho. Babengafuni ukuba ahlukane phansi izwe lawo futhi nge abalimi zakhe.

I inqaba, kunalokho, wayekholelwa ukuthi le kabusha ongumlimi kufanele ukubuyisela inkululeko yabo ngokugcwele, ngaphandle futhi alethe kanye nomhlaba ngazo ukusebenzisa emnothweni. Sicela njalo, nabanye kwakungenakwenzeka.

1861 February 19 , kwakukhona isenzakalo esibalulekile ngoba sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia - serfdom uyekwa. Ezweni lonke, amabandla yayifundwa esinqumweni u-Alexander II. Ngokusho lesi sinqumo, zonke serfs wathola zenkululeko nokuzibusa kusuka kulendawo zabo zangaphambili. ongumlimi ngamunye wathola ezweni yazo ukuze bazisebenzise. Noma kunjalo, umhlaba namanje kubhekwa olwabo umninindlu. Abalimi ziyadingeka ukuthenga ezweni labo kumnikazi wendawo, abafuna ukuzimela ezibonakalayo.

Ngakho, ukuqedwa serfdom ngo-1861 kuze kube phakade washintsha Russia. Nokho, futhi abanikazi bamazwe noma abalimi awazange wanelisa. Abanikazi bomhlaba wazizwa eziphuca zabo, kumphuce kwesizathu esifanelekile. Abalimi babeqiniseka ukuthi serfdom wangaphambili wakhala entsha ukuthi waziwa ngokuthi Castings. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Alexander II liyakulahla cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi. iminyaka engu-20 kamuva, u-Alexander uzolahlekelwa kholeka among the uquqaba. Ngo-1881, wayezobulawa kwabozungu kusukela phakathi amakilabhu abantu, eyathola ukusatshalaliswa ekhethekile eRussia ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

Naphezu kwalokho, wesibili, u-Alexander langena umlando Russia njengoba isibalo esikhulu, wezinguquko inimitable, sezombusazwe wemibono. Kuyinto ngenxa yemizamo kabusha asebenzayo ka-Aleksandru Russia II has a look zanamuhla.