Izindaba Umphakathi, Uhlobo
Izinhlobo lezintshe. Lapho uhlala futhi sizodlani intshe? intshe iqanda
Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma mayelana izinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa lithi akufanele flying. Straus - inyoni kuyinto mnandi futhi engavamile. Ngokuvamile, zohlobo ngamunye uhlukile futhi has izici zayo siqu. Izintshe futhi umxhwele ngokuyinhloko dissimilarity yayo kuze kube komunye. Ezweni lethu, lezi zinyoni ezinhle kungabonwa ngokuvamile kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa ngabo ezithakazelisayo ngakho ukubukela.
Hlobo luni inyoni?
Kukholakala ukuthi lezi zinyoni ekhethekile uvele emhlabeni iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-12 edlule. Kasibili zonke izinhlobo izintshe sabelwe Division ratites (ukundiza), bebizwa ukusebenzisa. Izintshe bahlala emazweni afudumele, Australia nase-Afrika, zikhetha ezithi azibe ezomile futhi eyihlanze.
Lezi inyoni ekhethekile iyafana ekuziphatheni kunemifuziselo yako. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ukuhumusha kusuka lesiGreki "Intshe" kusho lutho, njengoba "ikamela undlunkulu." Aint it funny ukuqhathanisa okwesikhathi enjalo inyoni enkulu? Njengoba ngesikhathi esifanayo eyodwa futhi athi unesimo esifana kungase kube khona ukufana ababili abehlukene ngokuphelele? Mhlawumbe lutho abantu abenza ecashele izinkinga okukhulunywe lezintshe. Ngempela, kukhona ngisho isisho athandwa: "ngaphansi zifihle amakhanda ethu etshebetshebeni njenge-nentshe." Zikhona ngakho uqobo empeleni kuyinto inyoni nalokho hola ukuqhathanisa engathandeki enjalo?
It kuvela ukuthi empilweni yangempela, izintshe musa ngaphansi zifihle amakhanda. Esikhathini mzuzu ingozi, insikazi ingase uwuhlikihle ikhanda laso lithinta phansi ukuba obunganakekile. Ngakho uzama ukulondoloza nenzalo yakhe. On the ingxenye kungase kubonakale sengathi le nyoni ifaka ikhanda sakhe esihlabathini, kodwa lokhu akunjalo. Izilwane zasendle, eziningi izitha, amabhubesi, izimpungushe, izinkozi, izimpisi, izinyoka Izinyoni ezidla inyama, a lynx.
ukubukeka
Ayikho enye inyoni emhlabeni kungaba ozibongayo usayizi omkhulu kangaka. Intshe ngokungangabazeki inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngakho isidalwa esinamandla nangengalo ezinkulu ayikwazi ukundiza. Lokho, isimiso, akunjalo isimanga. Isisindo nentshe ifinyelela 150 kg, futhi ukuphakama - 2.5 amamitha.
Ekuqaleni kungase kubonakale sengathi le nyoni kunalokho kunemibhalo eyayihunyushwe kabi futhi esiyinkinga. Kodwa akunjalo. Vele sidilize dissimilarity kwaleso silwane zonke ezinye izinyoni. Izintshe unomzimba omkhulu, ikhanda elincane, kodwa nentamo ende kakhulu. Izinyoni abe amehlo engavamile kakhulu ukuthi bame ikhanda futhi insephe nge nemivimbo engu obukhulu. imilenze intshe made futhi eqinile.
umzimba izinyoni embozwe izimpaphe kancane abacaphuni athukulule. umbala wabo kungaba ensundu abamhlophe, abansundu ngamaphetheni emhlophe (ikakhulukazi abesilisa). Yini ehlukanisa zonke izinhlobo izintshe ezinye izinyoni izinhlanzi, kuyinto engekho Imininingwane okuthiwa keel.
izinhlobo izintshe
Ornithologists nibhekane nezintshe izinyoni egijima, okuyizinto onamalungu amane: Ezintathu, Umbala isidalwa didactylism futhi ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu futhi ikiwi futhi (wingless elincane).
Mhlawumbe imibono ebaluleke kakhulu kungenziwa njengesenzo nentshe Afrika. Kwaba ososayensi bakhe ubheke ratite. Igama ngokwalo kusinika umqondo wokuthi lapho nentshe uhlala. Kuyinto ikhaya enyonini North kanye East Africa, Somalia naseKenya.
Okwamanje ukuhlonza zenyathi eziningana zezinyoni Afrika: massaysky, Barbary, Malay futhi eSomalia. Zonke lezi izinhlobo izintshe basekhona.
Futhi nazi ezinye ezimbili oke wahlala emhlabeni, kodwa manje bangibonile abhekwa yokuqothulwa: Afrika kanye Arabhu. Zonke abameleli Afrika babe usayizi umxhwele. Kunzima ukuthola omunye inyoni ngezimiso ezinjalo. Isisindo nentshe singafinyelela quintals isigamu (lokhu kusebenza abesilisa), kodwa nabesifazane anosayizi nesizotha more.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula nanduobraznyh. Kuyinto ukubukeka lesibili uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi lezintshe. Kuhlanganisa abameleli ababili: Nandu Darvina uRhea ezinkulu. Lezi zinyoni bahlala esifundeni sase-Amazon kanye ezinkangala namathafa yezintaba-South America.
Abamele iyunithi wesithathu (casuariiformes) bahlala eNew Guinea nasenyakatho ye-Australia. Kuhlanganisa imindeni emibili: kazuarovye (ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu muruka abavamile futhi ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu) kanye emus.
Kodwa uhlobo yokugcina kuhlanganisa ikiwi. Zihlala New Zealand, ngisho luwuphawu. Kiwis ube usayizi encane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni egijima.
izintshe Afrika
Intshe Afrika, nakuba kuyinto inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa ayikwazanga fly. Kodwa ubunjalo ekunike ikhono labo elimangalisayo ukusebenzisa ngendlela emangalisayo okusheshayo.
Le nyoni ine isici esisodwa ngaphezulu, okuyinto sishilo - inhloko encane, okuyinto emenza akhulume ukuthi izintshe ube ukwazi okuncane kakhulu.
On izinyawo nentshe Afrika has iminwe emibili kuphela. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa azikwazi ukuhlangabezwa kusukela nabanye abameleli emhlabeni inyoni. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi lezi iminwe emibili ehlukene kakhulu. Elikhulu njenge-inselo, ithuthukiswe kakhulu buthaka kancane kahle. Kodwa lokhu akubavimbeli run fast. Ngokuvamile, nentshe - inyoni enamandla, ukwenza alikho eduze kakhulu, ngoba can futhi ishaya isidladla enamandla. Abadala kalula uyiswe ku umuntu wena. Isilwane kungabuye chasiselwe isikhathi eside, ngoba kungaba aphila iminyaka engaba ngu 60-70.
indlela yokuphila
Straus - isilwane esithenjini. Emvelweni, e nenkathi yokukhwelana abesilisa sizungezwe dlo nabesifazane, phakathi lapho kukhona ebaluleke kakhulu. Le nkathi Uthatha Mashi kuya ku-October. Phakathi nayo yonke inkathi insikazi ongabeka phakathi amaqanda 40 kuya ku-80. Intshe Iqanda has a usayizi esikhulu kakhulu. Igobolondo simhlophe kakhulu ngaphandle, kubonakala sengathi yenziwa ngobumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubuye kube isikhathi eside. Intshe iqanda ukala 1100 kuya 1800 amagremu.
Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi zonke izinsikazi amaqanda nentshe kudilizwe esikhehleni sinye. Incubates amaphuphu ayo njengoba kwenza ubaba + insikazi ukuthi ekhetha. Intshe iphuphu okuzelwe ababonayo nesisindo mayelana kilogram. Enaka kahle kakhulu futhi ngemva kosuku uqala ngokuzimela ukuzenzela ukudla.
ikakhulukazi izinyoni
Izinyoni babe nombono omuhle kwezimiso nesimo sengqondo. Lokhu kungenxa izici zabo kwesakhiwo. Nezimo nentamo ende futhi kwelungiselelo elikhethekile esweni ukunikeza ithuba lokubheka izindawo ezinkulu. Izinyoni bayakwazi ukugxila izinto ngesikhathi amabanga amade. Lokhu kubanika nezinye izilwane emadlelweni ukuze agweme ingozi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoni angase agijime kahle, ngenkathi ekuthuthukiseni ijubane 80 ngehora. Kulezo zindawo lapho uhlala nentshe endle lizungezwe inani Amazing ezidla. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi umbono omuhle futhi ikhono ukugijima fast - ke kuyinto enhle ngekhwalithi, ekusizeni ukugwema ekuxhakathisweni isitha.
I udla nentshe?
Njengoba izilwane bahlala endaweni eshisayo, awukwazi njalo bondliwe ngokugcwele. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi zingamaphupho omnivores. Yiqiniso, izitshalo ukudla main. Kodwa izintshe kungase kudle izinsalela emva ezizingelayo, izinambuzane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ngamagama ukudla, linesizotha ngokuphelele futhi kunalokho sikhuthazele indlala.
Nanda
Ezintabeni Ningizimu Melika uhlalwe rheas. Le nyoni olufana nentshe, kodwa has a usayizi nesizotha more. Animal ukala amane ngamakhilogremu, nokukhula ingeqi ayikhulu namashumi amathathu ngamasentimitha. Ngaphandle Rhea akukho ubuhle ezahlukene. izimpaphe Its ngempela ebukekayo futhi ezingavamile (ngokulambisa ihlanganisa umzimba wakhe), futhi izimpaphe emaphikweni akuzona aluhlaza kakhulu. Nanda imilenze enamandla kanye nezinzwane ezintathu. Izilwane ikakhulu adla izitshalo, izihlahla, izimila, imbewu.
Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda kuka-13 no-30, ngalinye elikwazi ukala akukho kuka 700 amagremu. Iduna ilungiselela amaqanda kahle futhi waqhubeka kubhaklazeka zabo ukunakekelwa azithathe ikusasa inzalo.
Emvelweni kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili Rhea: abavamile nasenyakatho. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lezi zilwane zazinzima eziningi, kodwa ngokushesha sazithola on the esengozini ukubhujiswa ngenxa sokubulala abantu abaningi. Futhi isizathu saso - inyama okumnandi neqanda iqoqo. Endaweni yemvelo Rhea kungabonwa kuphela izindawo eziqhele kakhulu. Kuphela kukhona yakwazi ukusinda. Kodwa Rhea ziyafuywa ngokushesha futhi waqhubeka eziqiwini.
emu
Emu ubukeka kancane sifana ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu. Ubude inyoni ifinyelela 150-190 amasentimitha, futhi isisindo zokhahlamba 30-50 kg. Animal uyakwazi ngesivinini komyalelo wokungabi amakhilomitha ngehora 50. Lokhu lula khona imilenze emide ezenza izinyoni ukuthatha izinyathelo kuze kube 280 ngamasentimitha.
Ngezinye Emu nhlobo amazinyo, nokuthi ukudla esiswini inqanyulwa, izinyoni ukugwinya amatshe, ingilazi ngisho izingcezu metal. Izilwane imilenze enamandla kakhulu futhi ithuthukiswe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi umbono omuhle nokuzwa, obanika ikhono lokuzwa izilwane ezidla ezinye ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuhlasela.
Izici emu
Emu ungaba izimpaphe ezahlukene, kuya ngokuthi bahlalaphi. Izimpaphe isilwane akheke ekhetheke kakhulu, okuyinto evimbela ukuba overheat. Lokhu kuvumela izinyoni ukuba ematasa, ngisho nezikhathi ezishisa kakhulu. Emu ngokuvamile ukubekezelela kahle emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-degree -5 ukuze +45. ngokusobala abantu besimame besilisa babe umehluko wangempela, kodwa imisindo Zikhiphela ezahlukene. Izinsikazi zivame umemeze kakhulu kunabanye abantu besilisa. Endle, izinyoni siphile iminyaka engu-10 kuya ku-20.
Emus amaphiko ezincane, ilambu elikuhlaza nentamo ende ngezimpaphe grey ansundu, okuyinto ukuvikela isikhumba emisebeni ultraviolet. ikhava Izinyoni iso nictitating ulwelwesi ukuze bazivikele doti nothuli ezingwadule ezinomoya eyomile.
Emu ukusakaza cishe kulo lonke Australia kanye Tasmania. Okuhlukile emahlathini amakhulu, Ezindaweni ezinesomiso namadolobha.
Animal ukudla okuphakelayo yemifino, izithelo nezitshalo ezokudabuka kwamanye amazwe, izitshalo, amahlamvu, utshani, izimpande. Ayevame ukondla ekuseni. baya enkundleni futhi ngokuvamile udle kutshalwe izilimo. Ngisho emus ungadla izinambuzane. Kodwa izilwane baphuze kanini (kanye ngosuku). Uma esilandelayo kukhona semali amanzi okuphuza, abangakwenza izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Emus ngokuvamile basuke behlushwa izinyoni nezilwane: izimpungushe, dingoes, oklebe futhi amanqe. Fox ezeba amaqanda, futhi izinyoni ezidla inyama silwele ukubulala.
ukukhiqizwa kabusha emu
Phakathi kokuzalela inkathi abesifazane beba sihle feather umbala. Ziyakwazi sengqondo uvuka indlobane futhi ngokuvamile asempini nomunye. Ibhungu oyedwa bangakwazi uye wakwenza ukulwa.
Ngenkathi, emus amaqanda 10-20 umbala aluhlaza nge igobolondo obukhulu kakhulu. Ngamunye wabo ukala mayelana kilogram. Emu esithenjini kakhulu, kodwa ngoba amaqanda esikhehleni sinye kudilizwe nabesifazane eziningana ke incubates babo besilisa. kwamazinyane achanyuselwa nesisindo mayelana Mnumzane, ukuphakama yabo 12 amasentimitha. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho amaduna iphakethe matasa yenzalo ziba nolaka kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kungcono ukuba uhlupho.
Ngo izinyoni zasendle Australian avikelekile ngokomthetho, kodwa lokhu kumane nje Okusemthethweni. Eqinisweni, imiphakathi eminingi baye eside on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. Emu iwuphawu nokuziqhenya zaleli zwekazi lase-Australia.
Kusukela umlando ...
Kukholakala ukuthi izintshe avele iplanethi iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-12 edlule. I-trade izimpaphe kwezilwane sihlehlela emuva impucuko ekuseni waseGibhithe bese iqasha eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Kwamanye amakamu ngisho nangaphambi ekuqaleni kwenkathi yethu, izilwane zigcinwa besekuthunjweni. EGibhithe lasendulo, emcimbini izintokazi esikhulu babehamba ugibele lezintshe. Isidingo omkhulu, baqala ukusebenzisa ipeni kwezilwane ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, okuyinto eyabangela ukuncipha okukhulu kwenani izinyoni. Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu efanayo kwaqala inkathi yentuthuko okusheshayo nentshe. Leli pulazi elingu-lokuqala e-Afrika, uvele 1838. Izilwane siyakhuthazeka njengoba sibhekene ngenhloso eyodwa yokuthola izimpaphe. Ngokwesibonelo, eNingizimu Afrika esikhathini, nokuthengiswa ka ipeni linamandla endaweni yesine ngemuva zokuthumela igolide, idayimane, uvolo.
Kancane kancane abe izintshe ezifuywa e ekuthunjweni kwamanye amazwe nakwamanye amazwekazi:-United States, i-Algeria, Egypt, e-Australia, e-Italy, i-Argentina, New Zealand. Kodwa phakathi nezimpi zezwe ezimbili lolu hlobo ibhizinisi ke cishe beqiniso lashabalala, futhi nenombolo amapulazi yehlile kakhulu.
esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba
izintshe Afrika, rheas futhi emus izincwadi etshalwe chasiselwe suborder ukugijima izinyoni. Nokho, njengoba sekushiwo, kuya ratite nentshe Afrika kuphela akunakubangelwa, okuyinto ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke.
Izwe elisizungezile ugcwele zilwane ezingajwayelekile futhi ongaziwa. Kodwa kwakukhona abanye kubo kungaba izintshe kubhekwe. Lezi zidalwa cute futhi Yinhle ngamehlo enkulu nje abakwazi ungakuthandi. Njengamanje, ngisho Ezindaweni zethu izintshe ezifuywa abasemikhayeni ngokuba inyama eyigugu, amaqanda, izimpaphe, futhi njengoba nje nezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo.
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