Izitatimende mayelana Lermontov nezinye izimbongi. Izitatimende zabantu ezinkulu ku Lermontov

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov siqiniseka ngokugcwele kungenziwa ngokuthi umbhali omkhulu Russian. ithalente lakhe okungavamile akakunikanga ngomphumela ogcwele ukumambula emfushane, ukuphila edabukisayo azifinyezwanga. Iningi amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Lermontov zihlanganisa ubufakazi engozini ebulalayo, ukuphishekela imbongi ethile ukuba ithuna lakhe. Ukuhlala ngemva kokufa umsebenzi wakhe uhlobo zezinkondlo, zolimi olubhalwa nemdlalo, owokuqala kuyo zalotshwa engu-nane, ukunikeza umqondo wokuthi inkulu kangakanani genius lalahleka kanjani kulezi zincwadi yasekhaya futhi izwe.

Ukubonakaliswa genius entsha

ithalente Olumangalisayo Lermontov yaziwa emphakathini e-1837, ngemva inkondlo abazinikezele Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu nokufa kwakhe kwesibhamu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, cishe akukho sici omunye Lermontov kuqedile ngaphandle kokukhuluma igama Pushkin, futhi abagxeki abaningi sebeqala cabanga imbongi abasha esikhundleni sakhe.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi emngcwabeni omunye oshonile Pushkin ubuhlakani, umbhali kanye isibalo somphakathi V F. Odoevsky wathi yithemba: '! Kwelanga izinkondlo Russian "Kamuva, la mazwi uvele umlandvomufi wakhe. Kubonakala sengathi akekho ngaphezulu futhi ngeke kuphinde kufane master yesibili amazwi isiRashiya, njengoba kwaba Pushkin. Kodwa ngokushesha kakhulu kwaba sobala ukuthi akunjalo.

Luna izinkondlo Russian

Ukubukeka le nkondlo nezikulu uthukuthele eyabhalwa elaziwayo elincane ke Cornet Mihailom Lermontovym, hhayi kuphela yadala intukuthelo kumibuthano eliphakeme, kodwa futhi wabonisa ukuthi umkhathizwe etemibhalo liphuma ukukhanya entsha. Uma Pushkin kwaba kwesikhathi kwelanga izinkondlo Russian ke bafaka Lermontov kwaba inyanga liphuma. Kulesi ukuqhathanisa engokomfanekiso izimbongi ezimbili aphi umqondo ngisho nangaphezu kwalabo abangamashumi kubonakala efika kuqala. umsebenzi Pushkin, kungakhathaliseki izinkondlo noma temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, eligcwele elangeni futhi kukhanya igolide elikhanyayo. Nakuba imisebenzi Lermontov sika akhipha ukukhanya layo eliyingqayizivele, elikhanyayo futhi emsulwa, egcwele ongaqondakali, ubuhle ezingaqondakali futhi yizicukuthwane kukhanya esiliva.

isikhundla Belinsky wezinkondlo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Lermontov

Bonke abafundi imbongi okunabileko kungenzeka izitatimende zabantu ezinkulu ku Lermontov. Ukubuyela kusukela isixhumanisi sokuqala Caucasian okuyinto ithunyelwe phezu inkondlo ukufa Pushkin, imbongi abasha Mikhail Lermontov esethula abafundi futhi abagxeki eziningi zezinkondlo entsha futhi le nkondlo "I Demon" futhi "Mtsyri". Imisebenzi abalobi entsha bamukelwa ngemfudumalo hhayi kuphela umphakathi ukufunda, kodwa futhi amalungu eliqavile kwemibhalo kahle leyo minyaka. Ikakhulukazi umbono Kuyaphawuleka Vissariona Grigorevicha Belinskogo, owayebizwa ngokuthi "umbusi waleli nasezingqondweni zabantu abasha," phakathi kwekhulu XIX.

Emazwini akhe ligugu mayelana Belinsky Lermontov, ukuthi umhlaziyi odumile ngomunye wabokuqala wabona i talent okungavamile engokwemvelo imbongi abasha. "Ithalente omkhulu Young Lermontov wathola abayithandayo hhayi kuphela oshisekayo, kodwa futhi izitha abanolaka, ukuthi is diki ithalente kweqiniso kuphela", - wagcizelela Belinsky esihlokweni sakhe "I Tinkondlo Mihaila Lermontova", eyanyatheliswa ngo "Amanothi Lezwe" umagazini ngo-1840. Esikhathini ukubuyekeza efanayo nomcwaningi enethonya itjheje ezingaba omkhulu okudala umbhali abasha ngokuthi "ucwaningo lokuqala kakhulu Lermontov ukubikezela ikusasa is okuthile kakhulu okukhulu." Ngaphezu kwalokho, Belinsky uyaphawula kufanele: "Talent hits Lermontov ungahlosile kusimangaze ubani umuzwa tebuciko."

umbhali Omkhulu futhi eqotho

Esikhathini izincwadi ka 1839 Belinsky ukhuluma admiringly nkondlo "izihlahla ezintathu entendeni 'futhi uthi lolo umbhali kwalo mkhiqizo -". Ithalente esisha nesinamandla " Belinsky wabhala ukuthi abasha imbongi Russian "okunethezeka" ngisho ithalente "kungokwamademoni" "lapho lurks into enkulu." Ngaleyo ndlela isikhulumi futhi ugcizelela ngezinga eliphezulu ithalente etemibhalo Lermontov, ke ubuhlakani kancane kancane lapho kubonakala.

Ngemva kokufunda inoveli "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu," Belinsky wathi akukho nomdlandla kancane: "Isitayela noveli - ukukhanya kombani, igalelo lenkemba, ukuthi bahlakazekela ku velvet amapharele! Umqondo oyinhloko usondelene kakhulu inhliziyo wonke umuntu acabanga ngayo nazizwa ngayo nje ... ukukubona ukuvuma enhliziyweni yakhe. "

Futhi nakuba umhlangano wokuqala nge owalandela nomcwaningi abadumile Pushkin akuphumelelanga, Nokho, ingxoxo yabo yesibili siqu kwakukhona esihle. Belinsky wajabula hhayi kuphela ngemisebenzi Lermontov, kodwa futhi phezu okuthandwa yobuhle nemibono ethile ekuphileni imbongi. Ngokusho G. Vissarion, Lermontov njengomuntu kwaba ama 'ephelele futhi nemvelo lephelele ", it is a" umoya okujulile futhi enamandla. " Echaza ubuntu imbongi, nomcwaningi siphawula ukuthi "iye kuyathokozisa ukubona chilled, umbono wakhe athukuthele zokuphila futhi imbewu abantu ukholo olujulile isithunzi kokubili."

Osaziwayo ku Lermontov

F. Bodenshtedt, omunye abahumushi Mikhail Yurevich, uthe nakuba wayengumuntu "imbongi subjective, wayengase ngesikhathi esifanayo abe kokubili umgomo" futhi ngenxa yalokho 'ihlobene abalobi olukhulu sonke isikhathi, kuyiqiniso ukuthi indalo ibonisa isikhathi sakhe nazo zonke ezinhle zalo futhi ekhethekile nokunjengoshizi. "

Mikhail Lermontov kwaba ubuhlakani etemibhalo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kummeleli umphakathi ayekulo. Ngakho-ke, ligugu lapho kutadishwa ifa okudala izitatimende imbongi ahlukahlukene abantu ezinkulu ku Lermontov. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akuwona wonke la madoda ayesasebenza ngokuseduze ujwayelene imbongi Umlando abhalwa eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, njengoba biography Lermontov BakaJehova wawuvinjelwe ukucwaninga tsarist. Nokho, imithombo iyatholakala ebhaliwe evela ababephila ngesikhathi abadumile Lermontov bangathola ukuhlanganisa indaba eningi sithakazelise futhi.

Hhayi eyaziwa kanye ezigxeka Vissariona Belinskogo, kodwa awekho izitatimende kancane ezithakazelisayo mayelana nezinye izimbongi Lermontov, engatholwa ezinkondlweni abazinikezele kuye, izincwadi owayephila, Umlando, izihloko nokunye. D.

Apollon Grigoriev ku Lermontov

I imbongi edumile, umhumushi nomcusumbuli etemibhalo kwekhulu XIX. Apollon Grigoriev wabhala ukuthi Mikhail Lermontov, "unendima ebalulekile emlandweni yokubola ethu engqondo njengoba imbongi isizukulwane sakhe ukudabuka kwangempela". Grigoriev laphawula izisusa mbuso ka eziningi izinkondlo Lermontov sika, ngoba "ubuntu zaze zayofika emngceleni okwedlulele nesiteleka." Ngokusho sokugxekwa, uzwakalise evesini isifiso sokushintsha futhi umoya wenkululeko babé sezizathu ezenza "ukuphikiswa yokujama tsi ... ngokushesha yaqaphela Lermontov into enkulu, futhi nangempela sasinjalo."

ukuzinikezela olusankondlo

Izincazelo "omkhulu", "ubuqotho", "ekujuleni" ezihambisana izitatimende eziningi mayelana Lermontov. Okunye izimbongi futhi kuphawula ithalente sinamandla ngokungajwayelekile yokudala, ekhiqizwa ngemisebenzi Lermontov sika. Yakhe "umugqa, njengomuntu angababulali Punch, into inhliziyo waya" - spellbound uthi imbongi kweSoviet okuqinisekile uJaroslav Smelyakov. "Ngo-ukuhlaziywa yayo okuqhubekayo ezungezile isimo senhlalo Lermontov" Akunakwenzeka kube nguye nandaba, "- uthi umsunguli Russian kufanekisa Valeriy Bryusov futhi ephawula ukwehluka futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho eziphikisa Lermontov sika isosha esihlatshelelwayo, unezela ukuthi 'wayengumuntu kusukela eculweni ... ukuze othuka ezisheshayo".

Konstantin Balmont mayelana Mikhail Yuryevich

okuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele imibono Lermontov nezinye izimbongi kubonakala ku izinkondlo eziningi esizinikezele kuye. . Ngokwesibonelo, uKonstantin Balmont, imbongi edumile XIX sekwephuzile - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka XX, anikezelwe inkumbulo Mikhail Yurevich migqa elandelayo:

Enkondlweni efanayo Balmont uncoma uyavuma ukuthi Lermontov "ngqondongqondo eNgophezukonke", ngisho "akunabuntu kwaba." izitatimende eziningi mayelana Lermontov nezinye izimbongi, abanye abase ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi abanye babehlala kweyishumi kamuva, ngokuphelela kwazo ukuhlinzeka ukuqonda ukuthi ithonya elinamandla, ebiyelwe izinkondlo Lermontov sika, okwaziyo ukubophezela nangenkathi ezahlukene kanye nezizukulwane.

Lermontov izingcaphuno, aphorisms, amazwi, amabinzana,

Lermontov Mihail Yurevich uyasala ake sidle, kodwa amagugu ecebile kwezobuciko. Abaningi imigqa bakhe baye baba amazwi ezinamaphiko, epigraphs, ngisho namagama abanye imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, indaba Kataev ngokuthi umugqa kwenkondlo Lermontov sika "Lone White Sail".

Izilinganiso kusukela temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Mikhail Yurevich

I imbongi edumile Russian basonta eziningi ahlakaniphile, izingcaphuno namazwi. Lermontov babengaphumeleli njalo Namaprozi imisebenzi ukuveza imicabango yakhe uhasha. N. V Gogol ngisho wake wathi: "Akekho oye okwamanje ebhaliwe, sinalo lelo lungelo, amahle temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba elimnandi."

Ucaphuna izinkondlo of Lermontov

Imbongi yena ngakho wakhuluma ngesimo art zezinkondlo: "Uma izinkondlo akuyona inhlanganisela elula imisindo ke, ngaphandle kokungabaza, kuba ifomu ezinhle kakhulu lapho umqondo womuntu zingabekwa." Lawa amavesi futhi wadala Mihail Yurevich Lermontov. Izilinganiso, amazwi aphorisms, okuyinto past amabili eminyaka, waqala umucu eziningi imisebenzi yakhe, hit ingcebo ngolimi nokunemba yokucabanga.

UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki mayelana imbongi

Amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana Lermontov zihlanganisa ubufakazi engozini ebulalayo, bamlandela baya ethuneni. Ngendlela Ebonisa Ukukholelwa Ezeni Mikhail Yurevich babonisa saqinisekisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwakho konke-ke wazalwa bangaphansi kwesiqalekiso. Ngenxa yalokho abanye abantu besikhathi kuholela ubatshele indaba, efana ngosuku lapho Lermontov wazalwa lwamaGypsy wabikezela ukufa kwakhe esemncane futhi hhayi ngezimbangela eziyingozi zemvelo. imbongi wakhetha ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe ukuphathisa isiphetho elinganisa ukuyiqabula njengesenzo uhlamvu lwemali: uma ukhozi izomashela - isidingo ukuya ibutho, futhi uma imisila - ithunyelwa Pyatigorsk eholidini. Uhlamvu lwemali wawa imisila up. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, Lermontov wabulawa Duel eduze Pyatigorsk.

Elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo ngale imbongi - zonke nanhlanu esaphila ekumeni futhi kunikeza isithombe esiphelele ukubukeka kwakhe. Izincazelo ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi, zibancishe ubunjalo: ezinye bhala ukuthi Lermontov kwadingeka amehlo amakhulu futhi a ebunzini okusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nabanye - kunalokho, ukuthi amehlo akhe amancane ewumngcingo, futhi esiphongweni - ongaphakeme.

Abaningi emagama ezifanayo itholakala izimo sokufa imbongi, futhi ikakhulukazi ubuntu bakhe. Singathini, ngisho nakanye ajwayelekile ubuhlakani etemibhalo akakhiphanga impendulo ngqo umbuzo onjani umuntu kwaba Mikhail Lermontov. eyodwa kuphela izingxenye wesimanje: bambalwa kakhulu abantu kusukela umhlangano wokuqala, benamandla kuye nemizwa emihle, ngoba ubuthakathaka babo futhi nemvelo olujulile imbongi ngokuvamile zazifihlwa ngaphansi sama wokuhlekwa usulu eyinkimbinkimbi okubi.

Ekuphetheni

Lermontov Mihail Yurevich - "imbongi sizukulwane" Wambiza Apollon Grigoriev. izinkondlo zakhe futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ikakhulu ebhala namaqiniso portrait ngokwengqondo intsha ngesikhathi sakhe. Nokho, ubuhlakani undoubted imisebenzi Lermontov iwukuba zizwakala kweqiniso, futhi emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva.

Izinkondlo futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Lermontov abafundi seluseduze kangaka, njengoba abantu abaningi bazithola endaweni efanayo nabantu, zilungiswa izinkinga ezinzima futhi yathola izivivinyo ezifanayo. Nokho, Lermontov kuphela possessed ithalente ngokwanele ukuba badlulisele lesi simo sengqondo.