Izitshalo ukwelashwa indle kwamanzi angcolile yasekhaya. indle

Ukusingathwa amanzi - omunye izifo ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Thina akhiqiza eziningi namadreni ukuthi ngabe ngokungabi bikho ukwelashwa kwesigamu wonke ayenesizathu ithuba lokuba abakhwabanisi yangempela. kanjani le nkinga ingaxazululeka? Impendulo ilula - izitshalo ekwelapheni yasekhaya lamanzi anokugcola. Bavumela nawe ukuba siphendulele imfucuza uketshezi uketshezi ophephile zezimboni, ezingasetshenziswa kakade ibuyiselwe zemvelo.

Uma amanzi emifula ugcina emizimbeni amanzi ngaphandle kokwelashwa, semvelo ubekwa okungathi sina kakhulu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, nezindlela eziningana neutralization qualitative. Yiqiniso, kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela ezingabangela ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile ezweni lakithi kukhona omkhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo hhayi ayipheli, ngakho sokuvuselela le nsiza kufanele ucabange njalo.

Kungani kubaluleke kangaka yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile?

Eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba ezinye ukukhula umkhakha okujwayelekile zokuphila labantu, zonke lezi izinqubo ehlobene ukukhuphuka okukhulu nenani amanzi angcolile, lapho kukhiqizwa izinto ezimbonini kanye umnotho kazwelonke. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi izitshalo ukwelashwa amanzi angcolile ezifuywayo ziba kubalulekile, njengoba kuncike kuzo zezemvelo hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu kodwa emhlabeni wonke.

Yini eyabangela umthelela ongemuhle imfucuza emvelweni?

umonakalo omkhulu, isetshenziswa imfucumfucu ketshezi, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile zikhishwa emizimbeni amanzi zemvelo nezinye izinto ngokuphelele okushiya okuluhlaza, owaqalwa. Bona itheleleke nemithombo, eminye imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile for labantu. Ingozi udoti kungenziwa balulaza kuphela uma sokuxazulula nabo izindawo ezikhethekile. Uma yokuhlanza senziwa degree enganele kahle, kuqukethwe amabhaktheriya indle futhi amakhemikhali angenza umonakalo ongalungiseki lohlala kuwo kanye nasemphilweni zezilwane, izitshalo kanye nabantu.

Nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile ZHBO neziqondiso zomthetho

Nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile ZHBO kugcwele emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Kukhona le nkinga phathelana nentshisekelo Adalberto isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuthi vele ukuthi kulezi kusho zemvelo fresh kwemithombo yamanzi ayokhawula kanzima. Nokho, ezweni lethu eminyakeni yamuva, okwandisa ukusatshalaliswa iba egcwele kabusha ukusetshenziswa umjikelezo wamanzi, kanjalo kungenzeka kakhulu ukunciphisa ivolumu ukusetshenziswa okusamanzi fresh.

Abaningi Umbuso amanethiwekhi amadolobha amakhulu (ikakhulu labo ababenezinkinga ukuthuthukiswa sina umkhakha) Sekuyisikhathi eside ngokugcwele iguqulwe ukuze lobu buchwepheshe. Ukwelashwa isitshalo opharetha kumele kubhekwe izinga lokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlanzekile, ukulawula izinga okusamanzi ukungcoliswa moieties lobuchwepheshe ukungcola.

izinto nomthetho obhekele indlela yokwengamela ziyadingeka ukukhiqiza imfucuza decontaminated ezivezwa kwawo, ukusebenzisa zonke kungenzeka mechanical kanye / noma ezinye izindlela zokwenza lokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho usungula izinyathelo ngokwanele ezinzima namazinga, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba kufanele zilandelwe. Qaphela ukuthi kule wezakhamuzi, livamile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvuselelwa ukwelashwa izindawo kufanele sigcwaliswe ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kokulibala.

Ukwelashwa kwendle yasekhaya

Eminyakeni yamuva, izindlela eziningana amathuluzi avumela wena ukwenza yokuhlanza ephelele amanzi angcolile, lapho akhiwa ngesilinganiso suburban ukuphila ekhaya. Phawula ukuthi amanzi Lokudabuka ezahlukene "ihlelwa" njenge ndlela zokuhlanjululwa kwabo futhi decontamination iyahluka kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokuhlanjululwa nezezimboni anokungcola ZHBO?

Lokhu kuhlanganisa lahlukene imisebenzi ngempumelelo asuswe ketshezi enobuthi ezihlukahlukene izinto futhi compounds. Kukhona ubuchwepheshe ehlukile ngoba decontamination imikhiqizo imfucuza uwoyela, indle kwamanzi angcolile yasekhaya ivela imfuyo izindawo, njll Nomaphi lapho izindlela ezisetshenziswayo, libhekisela omunye izinhlobo ezinkulu:

• wesifunda eziphilayo.
• Mechanical yokuhlanza (grid, okuyinto anemisila ukwelashwa amanzi ezikhukhula izindawo).
• izindlela Physical futhi amakhemikhali.
• Indlela magciwane lamanzi anokugcola.

Ake sibheke ngamunye yalezi zindlela kwezinye imininingwane.

Indlela mechanical

Zonke izikhungo ekwelapheni anokungcola yasekhaya ukusebenzisa le ndlela, ngoba ketshezi ngaphambi engena zikanokusho ukucutshungulwa neminyango kufanele bethulwe izinhlayiya mechanical ezinkulu engcolisa ke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela esetshenziswa ukususa amanzi kusukela kodaka okubangelwa izigaba ezahlukene yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Izakhi elandelayo ingasetshenziswa le njongo:

• Eziguquliwe ezifana ngamahele noma Combs, avamise unikezwe indlela self-yokuhlanza. Labo zivame ifakwe endle.
• Catching izakhi zasesihlabathini.
• izihlungi ulwelwesi.
• Inzika oda kuqala.
• amathangi Septic.

Phakathi imigoqo esiyinhloko afanayo ibanga kufanele kube amamilimitha angu akukho kuka 16, ngoba zisetshenziselwa ukuhlunga okuningi indawo namaseli ezinkulu (bavame awela indle). Etholwe kulesigaba babhekana ukuchoboza noma udoti, noma iyiswe izindawo lapho ayenazo ikhiqizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nenkathi ethile isihlabathi izicupho okukuvumela ukuba ningabi nje kuphela amanzi kucace kuwo, kodwa futhi kusukela window encane nezinye ukungcola okunjalo.

Awakwazi afahlazekile noma wangcwatshwa, futhi uyiswa isikhathi eside isitoreji emafektri. Izinto zokusetshenziswa, okuyinto ke aqoqana, bese isetshenziswa emsebenzini elungisa umgwaqo ahlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi yokuhlanza izitshalo ukwelashwa indle kumele kwenziwe nge ngaphezulu njalo ngangokunokwenzeka esebenza ngemishini ivaliwe, njengoba kungenjalo kahle wabo uwela ngokucijile, ekubambeni amadivayisi uqale ukweqa ezingcolisa amaningi kakhulu.

Indlela ethembisayo ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile usebenzisa ulwelwesi izihlungi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uvale imfucuza kuze kube sezingeni lokuba ukuthi kwezinye izimo ziyekwe ukubuyela emuva zingene umjikelezo ukukhiqiza. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi indlela mechanical kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze ahlunge akukho kuka-70% azo zonke izinhlobo contaminants, ukuze izitshalo ukwelashwa indle ayigcini kuphela kubo.

izindlela begazi

Cishe noma yimuphi amanzi angcolile ngaphansi kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo ezincane. Ngo indlela amanzi angcolile abakuzalayo kungenza kukhishwe i-nitrogen ne phosphorus, futhi anaerobic namagciwane aerobic. Isikhathi esining impela, lapho le ndlela isetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe yokubola begazi, kodaka isebenze nokuhlunga engokwesayensi yokuhlanza esihle. kanjani izitshalo ukwelashwa yemvelo inqubo?

Okokuqala, amanzi eya izifiki ye-oda kuqala. Kukhona organic slurry KULETHA, futhi izinhlayiya emihle kakhulu babhekana ukumuncwa. Ngo sumps yesibili kodaka zanqwabelana isuswe esebenzisa amaphampu ekhethekile. Ngomqondo onabile, isimiso esinjalo kungenziwa ifakwe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe kaZuma umhlaba.

Ngakho, kuze kube manje, itholakale emakhemisi izakhiwo ngomumo eyenziwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, okukuvumela eziphilayo futhi mechanical yokuhlanza ZHBO. Inani lawo eliyinhloko itholakala lula ukusebenza futhi ngaphandle kwesidingo ngenxa yokulungiswa njalo. Amanzi ngemuva bedlula uhlelo ukwelashwa ayinaphunga futhi kunganambitheki, kungaba ngokuphepha usetshenziselwe ezihlukahlukene izidingo zebhizinisi, kuhlanganise ukuthambisa ezifuywayo.

Leyo mikhumbi eqolo futhi ngempumelelo zihlanganisa block ultraviolet magciwane amanzi angcolile. Ngemva kungenzeka amanzi ezifana wokuhlanza akhishwe ngokuphelele ngisho emanzini zemvelo. Ukuphumelela ZHBO ukungaqaliswa kokusebenza izinhlelo ezifana ezingeni izisombululo ezimbonini.

Physico-imithi

Kulokhu, ubuchwepheshe concomitant, okubandakanya izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Evaporatsiya.
• anokungcola ukucutshungulwa usebenzisa ozonation.
• Ukungeza chlorine compounds.
• Electroflotation.

nomsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha lezi amasu ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo kaphethiloli amabhizinisi, ngoba zenzelwe indlela okunzima kakhulu ezilawula ukuphumelela ukwelashwa ekhiqizwa kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, efanayo yamanzi Sekuvamile ngaphezulu imvelo oyimfihlo amakhaya abavamile suburban. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa engalawuliwe amasu afanayo endaweni yabo kakhulu sidangele. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho kusetshenziswa le ndlela eziningi amakhemikhali ukuthi kungabangela umonakalo ebalulekile kokubili impilo yakho kanye nempilo zezilwane nezitshalo.

I ethembisayo futhi aphumelele izimo lazibonakalisa ukuthi uhlanzekile izindlela ZHBO ngu pulses kagesi, kanye ultrasound futhi ultraviolet. Ububi kulokhu eyodwa kuphela - zibiza kakhulu imishini enjalo, okwenza kube ezingafinyeleleki abanikazi abaningi ezindaweni suburban.

Ukubulala amagciwane amanzi angcolile

Ngaphambi kokuthumela ketshezi ukuhlanzwa emizimbeni amanzi zemvelo, kuyadingeka ukuba aqhube magciwane ngokuphelele futhi decontamination. Ngenxa yale njongo, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ultraviolet eminyakeni yamuva, kodwa asikabi khona ukusetshenziswa "classical" chlorine. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusebenza izitshalo ukwelashwa indle kuhilela indawo ekuyo esiseLeeward ohlangothini yanoma yimuphi yokuhlala noma wokuhlala. Ngaphezu yesikhulumi yabo ukubekwa kumelwe nakanjani ube yokuma kwayo indawo, lapho amanzi izosuswa ngendlela engokwemvelo, ngaphandle isidingo ukufaka amaphampu ekhethekile. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi lapho ukuklama ezisemadolobheni yamanzi.

Okubalulekile! Ekuklanyweni kwezakhiwo ezifana kufanele nakanjani ukunikeza kungenzeka kancane esikhukhulayo asendaweni indawo kanye / noma amanzi angcolile. Ukwelashwa izindawo zihlanganisa imishini elandelayo:

• Kudivayisi zokusabalalisa iyunifomu angcolile (ikakhulukazi, ukuphathwa izindawo umsebenzi esindayo kangaka).
• Amadivayisi ukukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukususwa ezimele ngokudlulisa okweqile kusukela idivayisi yezokuphepha.
• Isisetshenziswa okuvumela eziphuthumayo ukuze ulahlekelwe anokungcola ngokweqile.
• Amadivayisi ukukala ubunjalo bomzimba futhi amakhemikhali amanzi angcolile nemvula.
• Uma kudingekile, ukufakwa ingasetshenziswa okuyinto afeze izibonelo zalokho othomathikhi.

Ukubulala amagciwane amanzi angcolile yasekhaya

Ukuze enze yokuhlanza ephumelelayo anokugcola kufanele kuhambisane ngokugcwele kwale mibandela elandelayo:

• Uzokhetha ubuchwepheshe ukuze usetshenziselwe le njongo.
• Ukukhethwa imishini ephumelela kunazo okuhlanza esihle uketshezi bohlu okubanzi izinto.
• ukuhambisana Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke nomenzi ubuchwepheshe Kunconywa.

Kuphela ngesikhathi izindlela wemfanelo futhi engabizi kukhethwa ukwelashwa izinhlelo, bayoba efanelekayo. Ayanda degree of decontamination effluents, ngcono bakwazi ukuphinda asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni, izindleko ezinkulu ukonga inkampani. Flotation kanye ulwelwesi izihlungi ubé kulokhu ezikhanga kakhulu, njengoba ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele izimo ezibalulekile eziningana:

• High Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngenxa lapho izindawo ukwelashwa amanzi uyakwazi esaziwa cishe zonke izinhlobo izinto.
• kahle wabo 99,5%.
• Indawo encane adingekayo ukufakwa futhi ongaphakeme yesondlo izindleko.
• Ukufaka okulula futhi ikhono ukufaka amamojulu, ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ukunweba ukusebenza ukufakwa.

mayelana abaqoqi

Noma iyiphi iphrojekthi ukwelashwa izindawo uhlobo ongaphandle kumele ifane SNIP 2.04.03-85. Isimiso esiyisisekelo pads zabo - phezulu: zonke inethiwekhi elincane exhunywe kwi amadamu emikhulu. Uma kungenzeka, le pipework wenziwa ukuze ketshezi kubo kungaba sokukhipha amandla adonsela phansi. Ngo ezisemadolobheni indle amanethiwekhi e sabaphathi ezilandelayo:

• Yard nezigaba ngekota, ogama ubukhulu kuyinto 150-200 mm. engavamile wabo ukuthi uma ufaka lezi zakhiwo neze kuhoxiswe ngale ezitaladini.
• Street uhlobo abaqoqi, ububanzi kwabo 250-400 mm. Kunalokho, ziyizakhamuzi ezingekho nje isakhiwo efanayo endaweni emgwaqweni, futhi kwezinye izimo zingase ifakwe iziteshi futha ezihlangene.
• abaqoqi District. ubukhulu ayo angase abe mayelana 500-1000 mm. Akhiwa yonke ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni compulsorily ifakwe iziteshi ukudonsa.
• Abaqoqi amagugu ezisemadolobheni. Ububanzi - 1000-5000 mm. Yakhelwe kanye azungezwe we edolobheni ezindaweni abaningi abadangele abakufunayo.

Kuyo yonke inethiwekhi indle edingekayo ukwakha manholes ka kwagcizelela ukhonkolo izindandatho nge ububanzi 1 imitha (ukujula zabo - amamitha ayisithupha). Kwezinye izimo, usebenzisa ezinhlanu-foot indandatho, le womthombo ukujula ngaphansi kwalezi zimo - kuze kube amamitha ayisithupha. Shiya kubo ibalwa ngu SNIP 2.04.03-85. Ngokwesibonelo, e-ukwakhiwa egcekeni amapayipi inethiwekhi ububanzi 150-200 mm abaqoqi ushiya phakathi kwawo akufanele ibe nkulu kuno-:

• Ngezinye 150 mm - 35 amamitha.
• Angaphezu kuka-150 mm - 50 amamitha.

Sithemba ukuthi ulwazi kulesi sihloko sasisihle lusizo kakhulu kuwe.