Zener - siyini lesi futhi ziyini?

Zener - diode kuyinto Semiconductor nge izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Uma Semiconductor abavamile lapho ukufakwa reverse kuyinto yisivikelo, Senza lo msebenzi kuze kube nokukhula ezithile voltage isicelo whereupon esethola ngendathane ukuwohloka kwenzeka. Nge okunye ukwanda ukugeleza ngokusebenzisa zener diode reverse voltage alushintshi ngenxa ukwehla ezilinganiselwe we ukumelana. Ngale ndlela ungakwazi ukuthwebula imodi sinjalo.

Lapho avalwe kahle, zener lokuqala liphasisa ukuvuza encane zamanje. Elementi liziphatha njengoba Resistor ukubaluleka kabani ukumelana likhulu. Esikhathini ukuhlukaniswa ukumelana zener iba azinakwa. Uma okunye ukuqhubeka ukukhulisa voltage zolimo, isici uqala ukuxoxa futhi lapho yamanje lidlula inani kuvunyelwe we engelapheki runaway ezishisayo. Uma kulethwa ke, ushintsho voltage kusuka zero kuya mkhawulo we izakhiwo zener sokusebenza agcinwayo.

Lapho ngqo esitshalweni zener diode izici musa zehluke diode. Lapho exhunywe kwi-p-plus esifundeni kanye lokususa - ukuze n-esifundeni ukumelana inguquko incane futhi wamanje kugeleza ngokukhululekile. He ongeza ne voltage input.

Zener - a diode ekhethekile, exhunywe ikakhulukazi emuva. elementi Okokuqala lisasesimweni avaliwe. Lapho i kagesi ukuwohloka zener voltage kugcinwa njalo uhla enkulu kwamanje.

Ingabe yanikezwa negative anode kanye cathode - plus. Beyond sinjalo (iphuzu 2 ngezansi) kanye Ishisa kukhulisa ematfuba ukwehluleka cell.

izici

zener diode imingcele zimi kanje:

• U _v - sinjalo voltage ngesikhathi okuzisholo zamanje mina _v;
• _{Isigaba min} - ukuwohloka ubuncane siqala kagesi lamanje;
• Mina _{st max} - esiphezulu kuvunyelwe zamanje;
• TKN - lokushisa Coefficient.

Ngokungafani diode ezivamile, i-diode zener - idivayisi Semiconductor, lapho isici samanje yamandla aphindeke kabili yensimu ukuwohloka kagesi kanye ezishisayo zitholakala kungaphelele komunye nomunye.

With zamanje esiphezulu avumelekile nemingcele ahlobene, esivame ukunikezwa e amatafula - amandla ukushabalalisa:

P _max = mina _max ∙ U _{v v.}

Bethembela lokushisa okusebenzela kuyo diode zener kungaba TKN emihle noma emibi. I ezilandelanayo uxhumano izakhi ngezibonakaliso ehlukile okuza kukhona ngokunemba zener hhayi kuye Ukushisa noma Ukupholisa ngomoya.

kwe-circuit

Umdwebo ejwayelekile ka isimame elula, sakhiwa isikebhe sizinze ukumelana R _b futhi zener diode shunt umthwalo.

Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ukwephula sinjalo.

1. IStabilizer infeed voltage ezinkulu emthonjeni amandla nokuba khona capacitor okukhipha zokuhlunga. Inrush zamanje uma ishaja kungabangela ukwehluleka diode zener noma lapho kubhujiswa lesi _b Resistor _R.
2. umthwalo ukuchitheka. Lapho isetshenziswa okokufaka voltage esiphezulu wamanje zener diode kungase idlule ovumelekile eziholela kokubhujiswa kwalo futhi bafudumale. Kubalulekile athobele ipasipoti endaweni yokusebenza ephephile.
3. I _b ukumelana R kuyakhethwa encane, ukuze kuqashwe ngeso Inani kungenzeka supply voltage esiphezulu ovumelekile umthwalo yamanje diode zener ungaphakathi ukusebenza isiqondiso zone.

Ukuvikela isimame esetshenziswa thyristor Ukuvikelwa izifunda noma fuses.

Resistor R _b ibalwa ifomula:

R _b = (U _emgodini - U _SG) (I _v + mina _n).

Zener zamanje mina _v ukhethwa phakathi eyamukelekayo esiphezulu kanye esincane amagugu, kuye voltage okokufaka U _umgodi umthwalo lamanje mina _n.

Kukhethwa zener

Izakhi abe ukushintshashintsha esikhulu kuqiniswa voltage. Ukuze uthole i-value olunembile U _n, Zener diodes akhethiwe kusukela batch efanayo. Kunezinhlobo ngobubanzi ewumngcingo nemingcele. Ngezinye amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu izakhi ukushabalalisa ogibele radiators.

idatha ezidingekayo okokufaka sokubalwa kwemigomo diode zener, isibonelo, njengoba kulandela:

• _U-NUM = 12-15 - voltage okokufaka;
• U _v = 9 - voltage uhlaliseke;
• R _n = 50-100 ma - umthwalo.

Amapharamitha nobuntu amadivayisi nge low power ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuze uthole okokufaka voltage ubuncane 12 V, lamanje at umthwalo esiphezulu ikhethwa - 100 ma. Ngokusho umthetho Ohm sika zingatholakala isisindo ingqikithi iketango:

R _Σ = 12 V / 0.1 A = 120 ohms.

Zener voltage iconsi kuyinto 9 V in samanje 0.1 A umthwalo dummy kuyinto:

R _EQ = 9 V / 0.1 A = 90 ohms.

Manje kungenzeka ukunquma ukungawi isikebhe sizinze:

R _B = 120 ohms - 90 ohms = 30 ohms.

It is ezikhethiwe kwibanga ejwayelekile lapho ukubaluleka kuvumelana ukubaluleka ibalwa.

Lamanje esiphezulu ngokusebenzisa diode zener kunqunywa ikhumbula Ukukhipha umthwalo, ukuthi akusiyo awahlelanga, uma ikhona wire unsolder. I iconsi voltage yonkana Resistor kuyoba:

U _R = 15 - 9 = 6 V

Ngokulandelayo, wamanje ngokusebenzisa Resistor:

Mina _R = 6/30 = 0,2 A.

Kusukela diode zener ixhunywe ku uchungechunge kulo, _c = mina _R = 0,2 A.

amandla ukushabalalisa kuyoba P = 0,2 ∙ 9 = 1.8 watts.

Ngokusho nemingcele etholwe ngikhethe zener D815V efanelekayo.

zener ziyalingana

A diac yidivayisi usuke, a conductive iselulo segama lefayela. Isici esivelele sesimiso wakhe ukuze udedele voltage ukuze volts eziningana lapho kufakwe uhla 30-50 V Kungaba kuthathelwe indawo ezimbili oppositely zener ezivamile kuhlanganisiwe. Amadivayisi asetshenziswa njengoba ukushintsha izakhi.

Analogue zener

Uma ungakwazi ukuthola isici efanelekayo, isebenzisa isifaniso we transistors zener diode. inzuzo yabo ukuthi kungenzeka voltage isiqondiso. Lokhu kungaba ukusebenzisa DC yokukhulisa umsindo nge izigaba eziningi.

Ngesikhathi ehlukanisayo okokufaka voltage ukusungula Resistor ilungiswe -R1. Uma voltage okokufaka kwandisa, ngesisekelo the Transistor VT1 nako kuyanda. Lokhu kwandisa wamanje ngokusebenzisa Transistor VT2, okuyinto ivala isikhala ukwanda voltage, kanjalo nokugcina okuphumayo yayo esitebeleni.

wokugubha Zener

Itholakala ingilazi zener diodes futhi Zener diodes ngendlela izindlu plastic. Esimweni sokuqala kusetshenziswe ku izibalo 2, phakathi lapho incwadi V Isihloko 9V1 ubonisa ukuthi U _v = 9,1 V

On the plastic izindlu kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe kuthiwa ziqala usebenzisa ishidi, lapho ungakwazi futhi uthole ezinye izinketho.

indandatho Dark emzimbeni kuboniswa cathode, lapho ixhunywe plus.

isiphetho

Zener - diode ngayo anezakhi ezikhethekile. Inzuzo iyona Zener high voltage phezu kuka ebanzi yokusebenza ibanga ukushintshashintsha wamanje, kanye uxhumano isu elilula. Ukuze ekulinganiseni voltage low amadivayisi zibandakanya isiqondiso phambili, futhi baqala ukusebenza diodes njengento evamile.