Knight sika Cross Lensimbi Cross: incazelo, degree. Imiklomelo ye-Third Reich

September 1939 1 ngosuku ukuhlasela German on ePoland, Shansela noMphathi sokudumisa Germany, u-Adolf Hitler isikhipha umyalo wavuselela Iron Cross - umklomelo ngadala ngisho iNkosi Frederick William. Lo myalo wayewukuphela kombuso ka-Third Reich e Prussia nawombuso odlule. Isinqumo owethulwa yensimbi hhayi kuphela, kodwa BAWELA Knight sika - eliphakeme kulowo odlule. Lo mklomelo - uphawu ebalulekile samaNazi.

embili

degree Knight kwakungesona eseyintsha eJalimane, ke kwadingeka eziningi Prussian, Bavarian futhi Baden-oda. Lo mklomelo eliphakeme Third Reich nibonakala ibukeke ezivamile Iron iziphambano (ngaphandle ukuthi inkulu). Ngesikhathi Ubukhulu efanayo oda ziyahlukahluka kuye umenzi. Cross Knight sika oluqanjwe Juncker, Shneynhauera, Kvenzera futhi Klein. Abanye kubo benza usayizi oda 48-48 mm nabanye -. 49-50 mm.

Cross Knight sika we Iron Cross senziwa iyafana neziphambano degrees ehlonishwayo kancane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nqampuna cwaningo kwahluka ezingxenyeni ezihlukene (ikakhulukazi evele ohlangothini). Ukuze umvuzo (noma kunalokho ugongolo layo elingenhla) is soldered inaliti encane. It threaded indandatho lwenzelwe 45 mm tape ububanzi. Oda kwadingeka isici Uhlaka elenziwe ngesiliva isampula 800-th.

Kuzuzisa nakakhulu

Kwenzeka inqaba, ukuthi Ngokuvamile akunjalo ngelithi empeleni Sinika egqoke BAWELA Knight, kodwa kuphela ikhophi, kuyilapho yasekuqaleni kugcinwa endaweni ephephile. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze alahlekelwe noma kulimaze esifuze. Isikhathi esining impela ezigugile amakhophi esimweni ukulwa.

IZANDLA Knight sika Cross Lensimbi Cross ebhokisini wamaqhuqhuva. Ngaphakathi kwathiwa uphahlwe kasilika ezimhlophe, futhi ngaphandle embozwe black lederinom. Endabeni premium etshaliwe hhayi kuphela ngesiphambano, kodwa futhi ibhande saziso. Ngaphezu Ekhumbulekayo wenziwa idiploma ukuphrinta, okuyinto wabekwa kufolda embossed. Ngokuvamile, BAWELA Knight sika yadluliselwa kumnikazi induna uxhumano yakhe. I isiko owawusenkundleni ethile esimweni zemikhosi. Lo mklomelo bangaya phambi isikhathi eside, endleleni edabula izandla abambalwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ukwephuza ukulethwa babe umcimbi njalo ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwempi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke umvuzo olumfanele elinde pilot.

"Imikhuba"

Njengazo zonke oda lempi-Third Reich, weSiphambano ukhishwa abanye impumelelo empini. Ngokwesibonelo, umshayeli we Luftwaffe wakwazi ukuthola umklomelo ephezulu kuphela kukora amaphuzu 20 (basuke ukhishwa edubulana izindiza isitha). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umdweshu ikhulile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuxhomeke yaseshashalazini impi: I-BAWELA Knight ngaphambili Soviet kwadingeka ukuba kubhujiswe izimoto kabili ezingaphezu kuka empini zasemoyeni e lonke elaseYurophu noma North Afrika.

I Navy kwakudingeka ukucwila imikhumbi, displacement Imininingwane zazo zazilingana amathani ayinkulungwane 100. Kulokhu, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi unikelwa ingakubayali baka-ngwenya. Ukuze Army 3 kwamaNazi ekwakhiweni kwaya kuba esilufifi ( "Ukuze isibindi enkundleni yempi").

izibalo

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana BAWELA Knight sika waklonyeliswa abantu 7361 (ngokuvumelana neminye imithombo 7365). Phakathi Madoda kwakungelona wesifazane ongashadile, kodwa kube nedlanzana ezimbalwa abezizwe abaphakathi elwela izwe, sizana eJalimane. izibalo ezithakazelisayo imiklomelo iziqu. wathola Iningi Knight sika Cross uCaptain / uCaptain Colonel (1523) kanye uLieutenant (1225).

Okokuqala yaklonyeliswa Order ehlonishwayo senzeka ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala impi olwaludedelwe 3 kwamaNazi. Septhemba 30 Cross Knight yakhe wathola abantu 13 ababa nesandla emkhankasweni Polish yaphela ngempumelelo. Phakathi ovelele kakhulu Cavaliers waphenduka Grossadmiral Erich Raeder induna Navy-German. Bonke labo bantu babe izinduna, ibhalwe umehluko kuleli bhukwana. Kusukela amazwi alo "Ukuze Mendi" waba ngowokuqala ukuwela ayesifuna ngabomvu Günther Prien (wayala ngwenya U-isikebhe 47). Ngo-1939 kwakungekho 27 kuphela Cross Knight Knight, futhi abalekele kakhulu zazinikezwa 1944 (2466).

besigaba sesibili

Sekukonke, BAWELA Knight kwakungu-degree amahlanu, eyokuqala kwaba BAWELA Knight ngokwalo. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nje kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II ngo-June 1940, ubuholi German wanquma ukusungula i abavelele nakakhulu umklomelo, senzelwe wezempi kwaba nobuqhawe ikakhulukazi. Ngakho kwaba khona Cross a Knight sika we Iron Cross nge Oak Amahlamvu. Lo mklomelo kuphela ukuthola noma iyiphi namanenekazi bezinga lokuqala.

amahlamvu Oak (uphawu abanohlonze) eqoshiwe ngenhla nje esiphambanweni, akukho futhi lapho kwakukhona khona iluphu yemigoqo ethile eminyangweni kahulumeni. Ukuhlobisa waba yisibonakaliso sasenziwe ngesiliva. Waphetha ezintathu se-okhi * leaf - ezivamile kusukela medieval sibalo heraldic. Kwezinye izimo, amajazi European izikhali bavezwa kanye acorns, kodwa kwaba njalo endabeni ka BAWELA Knight sika isithelo yashiywa dengwane.

Knights

Eyokuqala Cross Knight sika nge Oak Amahlamvu waklonyeliswa Eduarda Ditlya - uLieutenant jikelele uyala Intaba Corps "Norway. Elinye lamalungu lokugcina Order ubhekwa, umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle Adalbert von Blanc. Ngaphezu kwakho konke yena wayedume at esiteji impi eyaphela ngawo. Ngo-1944, esingenalutho babenezinkinga 9th Security Division ke waba nengxenye kuhlengwe amaJalimane kusukela Courland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasekela ayesebuyela Wehrmacht phansi ukuxhumana. Ngo-May 1945, esingenalutho ukuthi livalelwe amabutho aseBrithani. Officer waba nenhlanhla - wakwazi ukuba ngiqhubeke nomsebenzi lakhe lempi eJalimane. Wakhonza kuze 1964, lapho athola isikhundla Umkhuzi umhlalaphansi.

degree wesithathu

Ekwindla ka-1941 umklomelo Knight sika Cross aluthola kanye futhi isivele ngezinga yesithathu - BAWELA Knight sika nge Oak Amahlamvu kanye Izinkemba. Isinqumo sokusungulwa yayo kwasayinelwa sokudumisa, induna Ephakeme Umyalo we Wehrmacht Vilgelmom Keytelem futhi kwamaNazi uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi Wilhelm Frick.

Uphawu omusha kwaba nsé umklomelo odlule amahlamvu oki, lapho ingezwe yebhangqa izinkemba zihlangene. Oda wawenziwa eliphezulu zesiliva nezinto. Ezinsikeni zawo emuva eyayibekwe wokugubha umakhi. Ukuze ukuthi isiphambano enamathiselwe moire iribhoni izimbali ezibomvu nezimhlophe. Ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, abanikazi BAWELA Knight sika nge Oak Amahlamvu kanye Izinkemba baba abantu 160, 55 babo wakhonza Luftwaffe. omunye owezizwe kuphela lithole le ndondo. Bonke babeyizinceku Umkhuzi Japanese futhi Navy Commander Yamamoto Isiroku.

Imiklomelo Aces

Wing Commander Adolf Galland baba umnikazi lokuqala BAWELA Knight sika nge Oak Amahlamvu kanye Izinkemba. Wayala isigaba 51th emathafeni-kubabulali. Ekuqaleni, oda amasha ukhishwa kuphela abashayeli bezindiza. Ngakho Cavalier lwesithathu kwaba Walter Oesau. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inkonzo yezempi ayiqala i ibutho wezikhali. Njengezinye pilot eziningi German kweMpi Yezwe II, Oesau lokuqala eyaduma Spain, lapho efakwe ohlwini njengengxenye Legion adumile "Condor". Ngesikhathi somkhankaso entsha, wahlanganyela izimpi eFrance "Battle of Britain". Oesau bekungakabhekwana ngezihluthu empumalanga, kodwa wayibhubhisa eziningi izindiza esibhakabhakeni yeNetherlands. Meyi 11, 1944 wacibishela phansi eduze kwedolobha laseBelgium St Vith. Ku-akhawunti Oesau 118 isitha izindiza kanye 430 combat ohambweni.

degree wesine

Okwesine Degree Knights Cross yabonakala kanyekanye ne degree lesithathu nelesihlanu (kwaba BAWELA Knight sika nge Oak Amahlamvu, izinkemba kanye Diamonds). Lo mklomelo ngeke wanyathela futhi enziwa ngesandla okungcono abaculi German. Isiliva 935-Carat ezandleni Jewelers abanolwazi, ukuthi ekupheleni umsebenzi wabo wawuhlotshiswe Order of the ngobuningi wamadayimane ezincane 50. Isisindo sawo Imininingwane wawakhiwa ezintathu carats, isisindo wonke uphawu - 28 amagremu. Hand wenza sengathi esiphambanweni, futhi isiqeshana ngoba.

Kokugqokwa zonke banikezwa awine nje ezimbili zamakhophi ezwi izinto ongaphakeme-grade. Cross German Knight sika nge Oak Amahlamvu, izinkemba kanye Diamonds wathola isamba abantu 27 (phakathi babengalingani bakwamanye amazwe).

Werner Mölders

Cross Cavalier debutant Knight sika degree wesine Werner Mölders - pilot wokulwa elisezingeni sombutho. Lokhu umpetha wayeyindodana uthisha, owafa ngesikhathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ngo-France, ngakho choice yakhe nge-career wamabutho kwakuyinto kuzenzakalele kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ezemfundo Melders esasizithole eMihlanganweni Dresden Academy kanye Kwamabhomu School Munich.

Ngo-1934, i-career ye-oda lwezikhali esizayo wenza esejika - washintshelwa ku-Luftwaffe. Eyokuqala ukulwa nakho umshayeli kwaba esibhakabhakeni ngenhla Spain, lapho kwakukhona khona impi yombango. Ngakho-ke, waqala lo Okwesibili Umhlaba, kakade kokuba ephawulekayo eyenzeka. Ukunqoba lokuqala Akuzange kwaphela isikhathi eside ukufika. Ngo-September 1939, budebuduze Merzig Melders wehliswa fighter French "The Hawk".

sortie wakhe wokugcina al benza eCrimea. Yena iphahlazeka ngoNovemba 1941 esendleleni eya Berlin, lapho aphethwe umngcwabo ongumshayeli wezindiza abadumile Ernst Udet Luftwaffe. indiza Melders wawela phansi ngenxa yokuthi esiqiwini izintambo zikagesi. Umshayeli landizela nokuhlasela angaphezu kwangu-300, wadutshulwa phansi 115 isitha izindiza.

degree yesihlanu

Umklomelo ephakeme kunazo zonke kulelo Wehrmacht kwaba BAWELA Knight sika namahlamvu-oak segolide, izinkemba kanye diamonds. Ohlukile le ndondo kwakuwukuthi ngesikhathi khona-ke eseke umuntu oyedwa kuphela. Bathola Hans Rudel - Aviation, uColonel wathola umklomelo ngosuku lokuqala ngo-1945. Ngu ekupheleni kwempi wayengumuntu aphakeme amagoli umshayeli zokuhlasela izindiza. Figure Rudel wakhethwa njengosuku proxy - indondo eliphakeme akakwazanga ukuyithola noma ubani.

Hans wazalwa ngo umfundisi umndeni ebusheni kujoyina amaNazi. umkhankaso Polish wayeqhubela, njengoba induna izindiza kwesimo endaweni. Khona-ke umshayeli wayecele ukuze uthumele ukuba esiyingozi kakhulu ukuhlaselwa izindiza. Kulandele isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa. Ngo-April 1941, Rudel wabelwa isigaba kokutshuza ekuhlaseleni, "Immelman". Umshayeli ayelwa egibele ngaphambili Soviet, abangela isiyaluyalu at Leningrad futhi eMoscow izindawo. Ubude Rudel wenza ezingaphezu kuka 2.5 ayizinkulungwane nokuhlasela, wabhubhisa izinqola zempi mayelana 500, 800 izimoto armored, yacwila eziningi imikhumbi yempi kokubili emanzini nasezweni "Marat". Ngemva kwempi, namaNazi okuqina, bathuthela naseLatin America, lapho ukhunjulwa njengomunye esebenzayo yokuziphindiselela benazo.