Kuyini Ebola? Ebola: izimbangela, izimpawu, imiphumela

Afrika. Ebola. Izipikha njalo ngezinga umbiko alamu kwenzeka ku noMhlaba wethu olandelayo ubhubhane kokugqashuka igciwane ezinolaka, waphakamisela likhiphe izinkulungwane zezimpilo. Lolu hlelo olunesihloko esithi "Ebola" kufihlwe esithathelwanayo kakhulu ephezulu bebeletha phakathi koxhumana naye bese kufika ku-90 wamaphesenti iziguli ngayinye.

Kuyini Ebola?

Oluhambisana nemfiva - i-acute isifo yegciwane esibangelwa igciwane le-Filoviruses umndeni kokuba ikhono pprovotsirovat ukopha ezinzima kubantu futhi wezinkawu ezithile zenyathi.

Umlando omncane

I lwegciwane labonakala okokuqala futhi ngavula ngasekupheleni 70-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka e-Afrika, e Zaire, esifundeni isiteshi amanzi omfula kwegama elifanayo, okuyinto kamuva kunqunywa igama lakhe ngokuthi "Ebola". Izwe lapho eqoshiwe ubhubhane foci lokuqala, wangitshela igama layo subtypes eziningi futhi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo-ejenti causative.

Ukuqubuka iphutha ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa isibalo zibhekise onegciwane kanye efile abalona usongo uthi ezizungezile kuze 2014. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sifo singene emazweni amaningi, posing usongo isikali kwamaplanethi (njengoba kuchazwe abacwaningi WHO anothile).

Uyithola kanjani?

Kuyini i-Ebola, sesiye kancane sobala. Kodwa indlela zisindise kusukela ezifana izifo okunganakekile? Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa zokugula kudinga ukuthintana ngqo isithwali. Futhi ngoba lokho, okungenani kuze kube muva nje, kwakudingekile ukuya black izwekazi, njengoba Afrika - esiyinhloko umnakekeli yemvelo ngegciwane ezinjalo.

It is waphawula ukuthi nomswakama ka nasemahlathini zendawo ezindaweni entshonalanga ogwini Pacific kudala izimo ezikahle ze abathengisi lezi zifo, kuhlanganise wezinkawu eziningi, amalulwane, izinyamazane kanye izingungumbane kukhona contact ngokuvamile obuseduze aboMdabu bakhona. Banikezwe ikhono eliphezulu pathogen zokuthelela loxhumana ngokwanele encane nge uketshezi lesiguli yemvelo, kuhlanganise igazi, umchamo, ngamathe nezinye uketshezi.

nezwekazi eliseningizimu eyaziwa imikhutshana yayo eqondile yokungcwaba, kanye kancane futhi Akakwazanga ihlonishwe lapho imithetho yokuhlanzeka, ukungakwazi ukufunda, kuhlanganise nezisebenzi zokwelapha, okuyinto futhi inquma sengqondo iningi labantu ezifweni ezithathelwanayo.

isici umtholampilo

Isikhathi esincane lapho izimpawu zesifo angagcina ngemva ukuxhumana ngqo isiguli kudingekile zokwehlukanisa zokugcina kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa amasonto 3. Uma ngalesi sikhathi kukhona izimpawu sici, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo ukukhulisa i-alamu, bese uqiniseka ukuthi ukuba afune usizo lwezokwelapha.

Emtholampilo, imfiva wabonakaliswa ukuphendula nonspecific ukuba ukwethulwa antigen kanye nokuthuthukiswa ngokushesha Ukusabela immunological. Fever, ezidabukile kwemisipha umzimba wonke, ikhanda, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuthakathaka jikelele, kanye ubuthakathaka akuyona esihlukile isifo esifanayo ekuqaleni umkhuhlane noma izimpawu ezifanayo sibi zokuphefumula.

Umehluko omkhulu Akukhona ukubukeka endleni, umchamo, ebuhlanzweni emithanjeni noma igazi amaconsi, kanye oluhambisana ukuqubuka, scleritis, amathumbu, tropism ofanele lwegciwane ukuze endothelium semithambo kanye nokuthuthukiswa i ukopha zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle ukuthi kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokufa lesi sifo athuthukile.

ukuthola isifo

ukuqhubeka isici isithombe yomtholampilo, amasu Ukuhlolwa ezengeziwe singakwazi ukubona uhlobo ejwayelekile ye-Ebola, isakhiwo antigenic kanye namasosha omzimba zokuzivikela ezivezwa emzimbeni. Ngaphezu amasampula egazi babhekana uphenyo amathe kanye nomchamo. Lokhu izindlela non-koda luhlolo esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa Ukusabalala futhi ngokushesha ukukhomba elinegciwane.

Ngo-laboratory ihlaziya kumbambile kakade leukopenia wawubona futhi thrombocytopenia, kanye enzyme cytolytic kwamaseli isibindi, okubonisa ukuthi umonakalo isitho.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa oluhambisana nemfiva

Ubunzima ekuphatheni lesi sifo waphinda ukukhombisa ubunjalo esingalawuleki izifo ezifana nesifo i-Ebola. Izindaba ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa yamuva kwemigomo emisha yokulwa nale pathologies kuyingozi ukuthi usanda kuqala zivivinywe yomtholampilo, kukhona iyadumaza.

Njengoba indlela yabo eyinhloko yokwelashwa siyasetshenziswa njengamanje rehydration futhi ukwelashwa ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini, ekubuyiseleni zabagula amanzi electrolyte ukulingana umzimba. Izidakamizwa iphathwa kokubili ngemithambo yegazi futhi ngomlomo, kuye ngobucayi isimo lesiguli.

Ucwaningo esebenzisa ngesisekelo sera mzimba akazange afinyelele umphumela efanele emtholampilo. Ukuze izidakamizwa ngempumelelo futhi iphephile kungase kudingeke isikhathi esithile, elibuye depresses kwemizwelo futhi iyayithusa ukwazi komphakathi, ngoba lokho kuwukuphela Ebola, liye eyaziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, kodwa kuze kube manje hhayi wathola izindlela eziphumelelayo Ukuvikelwa ngokumelene nalo.

Okumele kuqashelwe ngokumelene ukusabalala ubhubhane

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke ezaziwayo ikakhulukazi izifo eziyingozi kuyadingeka ukuze masinya okwasekhaya. Ngu ukukhathazeka oshiwo ngenhla futhi i-Ebola, izincomo kwakamumva okwalandela kumele ngokuqinile.

Ngokuhlukaniswa ukwahlukanisa izinyathelo maqondana zonke oxhumana nabo, kanye nezisebenzi zasesibhedlela lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako ngokugcwele. Zonke izinto angcolile, kuhlanganise izingubo, izingubo zangaphansi, inhlanzeko izinto abazidingayo, kanye okudlekayo wezokwelapha e ngesimo imijovo, droppers, amagilavu kanye izinto ezifanayo, ngangokunokwenzeka kufanele kube kahle disinfected noma ilahlwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo iziqondiso sanitary.

Futhi-ke, kumelwe kube isikhathi futhi ukwazisa ngokugcwele omphakathi mayelana nokuthi uluphi uhlobo sifo - Ebola. Izindaba zakamuva zonke izici inkinga kanye izinsongo kunokwenzeka nezincomo ukuvikelwa ukutheleleka igciwane kuyoba usizo olukhulu, ikakhulu abakhileyo amazwe ase-Afrika.

Ingabe kufanele wesabe bhadane Russia?

Kanjani ukuze siqinisekise virologists yasekhaya, i-Ebola e-Russia ngeke ukusakaza. Ngisho uma ubhala ukutheleleka kwi insimu yezwe lenkaba yethu baseRussia asinasizathu ukhathazeke amathuba umqedazwe. Yiqiniso, nemizila izivakashi kanye isiqondiso emazweni analesi sifo, okuyinto kuzoluqinisa kunakwe lapho uhlela amaholide esizayo phesheya.

Ngesikhathi imingcele sithuthukiswe zokulawula uyeza, ikakhulukazi kusukela esishintshashintshayo eziyingozi e-Afrika.

Odokotela baxwayisa futhi aqeqeshiwe ukuthola amacala. izifundo Ukuthungatha ukukhiqizwa yokugoma nezidakamizwa zokunqanda ejenti causative. Ngamanye amazwi, i-Ebola e-Russia uthole ukumelana ezinzima, ayikuvumeli ukuba lihlakazwe ezweni lonkana.

Ukuphumula noma ukuthi singaphumuli, lona kuba mbuzo?

Ukuvakasha ngokuvamile umthombo oyinhloko wemali nesabelomali isimo, is sokunquma isizathu esenza emazweni amaningi ungafuni ukuvala noma ukhawule ukungena. Yiqiniso, lokhu libhekisela ngokuyinhloko Liberia, Tunisia kanye nenombolo yezinye "ogulayo" isimo.

Kodwa ungakhohlwa mayelana ejwayelekile Russian resort izindawo, futhi isendaweni ensimini ka-Afrika. Abaningi cishe abanesifiso sokwazi ukuthi kukhona Ebola e-Egypt. Ngokusho kwemibiko yamuva eyenziwe uhulumeni wendawo, kubheduke efanayo ubhubhane ayikahlanganiswa kumakwe. amaphakheji wezinyathelo nemikhawulo elawula abazenzi ukuyivimba leyo nkinga.

Ride noma ukuthatha uhambo, bonke ichaza ngokwabo. Ngemva Nokuhlola kokuqala ukuhlonza ngeziphambeko kungenzeka ku isimo sezempilo, ngo bawuhloniphe nemithetho kwenhlanzeko, irisidi zokuvimbela futhi ngesikhathi esifanele izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane ingozi yokutheleleka kungenziwa lincane. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi Ebola e Egypt engakaze kuphawulwe.

Kwenzekani kumuntu onalesi sifo ukuphila?

Ngatadisha ngokuningiliziwe umlando udaba (ukuthi luyini lolo Ebola, yini umtholampilo yayo nemiphumela eqhamuka kulowo ukwephula), singaqonda ukuthi kungani i-International Organization for Health neyaziwayo saphakama hot izwekazi Igagasi okuphuthumayo umhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-wezimo zamanje kwamanye amazwe noxhumana nabo aqukethe ukusabalala imingcele ukutheleleka ezifana cishe akunakwenzeka.

Emazinga lasetulu yokufa, virulence okukhulu, ukuntuleka amathuluzi ezanele kanye namasu ukusiza iziguli wayethukile futhi zifane izigcawu inhlekelele movie ne kwesiphetho esidabukisayo, ikakhulukazi umlando Biological Izikhali Convention, ngaphandle kokulawula. Futhi uma ucabangela ukuthi umlando wesintu ngokuvamile cyclical, futhi cishe ekuqaleni zokugcina izigidi ekhulwini yezimpilo kwabulala "umkhuhlane waseSpain", madolonzima abakholelwa emfundisweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukuphela kwethemba elala ososayensi, wophule ngokuphindaphindiwe labantu emhlabeni kusukela izici olubulalayo zonke izinhlobo. Okwamanje, ngingasho cabanga ukuthi, ukulalela iseluleko Korneya Ivanovicha Chukovskogo futhi kancane athi: "Afrika kubi, yebo, yebo, yebo! Afrika kuyingozi, yebo, yebo, yebo! Ungayi Afrika, izingane, ungalokothi! "

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Kumele wanezela ukuthi, ngokusho imininingwane yakamuva UBANI kusukela ekupheleni kuka-October 2014, baziswa ngokomthetho ekunqobeni Nigeria phezu izifo njenge-Ebola. Izindaba kanye nezitatimende ezinjalo zisekelwe yokuthi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-40 kuleli zwe ingangeni iyiphi nokuqubuka esisha lesi sifo. Cishe ngemva kwesonto ngaphambi ukusabalala pathogen inqanyuliwe eSenegal. Kufinyeta bonke ngenhla, it kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi yisiphi isifo kungaba futhi kufanele inkani. Futhi ezifana ezinzima ekutfutfukiseni bantfu izoya umlando wocwaningo lwezifo, okuvumela esikhathini esizayo ukuze ikhumbule zonke amaphutha bese baphawula, futhi singavumeli Amagciwane sikunqobe Homo sapiens.