Kwakuyini igama Gogol? Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Gogol

Nikolay vasilevich Gogol - omunye zabuna edume kakhulu izincwadi Russian. Umlando wakhe is osithwe izimfihlakalo futhi izimfihlo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwathinta ukwenziwa imbongi kanye Namaprozi imisebenzi, ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi yakhe nigcwele nezimfihlakalo.

Indaba okuyimfihlakalo Gogol

ukuphila Gogol sika icebile egcwele zikhathi ezibuhlungu. Phakathi nokuphila imbongi ebhekene amahemuhemu, ngokuvamile Wagcwalisa. babe Izizathu zalokhu ziningi: Gogol wayaziwa njengomuntu ivaliwe, cishe bathinteka umphakathi. Futhi nakuba ngemva kokufa kwakhe ubelokhu eminyaka angaphezu kwelilodwa nengxenye, kuze kube yilolu suku izinto eziphathelene nokuphila kwakhe cishe lutho waziwa.

Gogol, amaqiniso athakazelisayo zokuphila okuyinto ziyaqhubeka livulwe ngalolu suku, wayethambekele mythologizing yomlando wakhe siqu. Ngakho uye waqhubeka ngamabomu ethule ngempilo yakhe, ngisho beveza izindaba akuzange kwenzeke kuye empilweni yangempela.

Umndeni umbhali omkhulu wemidlalo

Uyazi yini ukuthi igama Gogol ngempela? Nezimfumbe bemngunga kusukela ekuzalweni. kwavela Imbongi kusuka abahlonishwa umndeni yizicukuthwane Gogol-Jankowski, evela ekhulwini le-17. legend Umkhaya has it ukuthi umsunguli umndeni Ukrainian Cossack kwaba Ostap Gogol - hetman Elifanele-Bank Ukraine.

uyise Gogol sika - Vasily Gogol Afanasievich-Jankowski. Basil Afanasievich kwaba umbhali, imbongi nombhali wamafilimu. Imisebenzi yabo (esikhathini esiningi, kudlala i amatiyetha encane) wabhala Ukraine. Lokhu kwathinta isiphetho UNikolai osemusha ngeshwa elahlekile uyise ekuseni kakhulu - lo mfana ngokulambisa engu-15 ubudala ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe.

igama likanina lalingu-imbongi kanye nesazi Maria Ivanovna Gogol. Kangangokuba ngokwezibalo kubhekwa njengento "imbangela" wokuzilibazisa indodana yenkolo nezimfihlakalo. Ngaphezu UNikolai emndenini wabo nginezingane nanye. Gogol kwaba wesithathu, futhi eqinisweni, ingane endala emkhayeni - ngowokuqala izingane ezimbili azalelwa efile.

imfihlakalo omlando womuntu genius elikhulu: Yayiyini igama Gogol

Njengoba ukwaziwa kwaleli gama Gogol? Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi leli qiniso oluchaza ayenziwa okuxoxwe yizazimlando wokuphila, ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, njengoba sazi sonke, imbongi owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi UNikolai. Kodwa abaningi abazi ukuthi ukuzalwa umfana okuthiwa Yanovsky. By the way, ne engu-12 we-Russian zakudala egqoka igama hyphenated: Gogol-Yanovsky. Kukholakala ukuthi umbhali, zingayazi umlando umsuka leli gama, baliphonsa ngoba icabanga ukuthi isilinde owasungula le nabasePoland.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi kanjani igama lokuzalwa Gogol sika, uzokutshela namanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila Gogol.

Umthelela esemncane lokusungula Gogol

omkhulu wemidlalo zasebuntwaneni bakhe wachitha edolobhaneni. Lo mfana njalo bacwiliswa umoya wokuphila Ukraine. Futhi ngokuphila abalimi kanye nabasebenzi wayazi okuningi ngokuphila yesikhulu. Kuye yabathinta kakhulu imisebenzi Gogol. Yena wayekulangazelela kakhulu isiko Ukrainian nomlando. Ngisho waya St Petersburg, umbhali abasha akamanga ukuze ubuyise ulwazi lwabo - izincwadi, wabuza unina ukutshela okwengeziwe ngokuphila umlinyana futhi Pana.

Isithakazelo bezincwadi nemisebenzi yobuciko ngokuvamile sekukhona umfana kusenesikhathi - lokukhula phakathi neminyaka yakhe esikoleni. Njengoba umfundi esikoleni esiphakeme, wayelithanda yaseshashalazini ashisayo amateur, okuyinto eye wadala nabangani bakhe.

umbhali izinsuku School

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka eyishumi, abazali Nicholas abasha emthumela Nezhinskaja esikoleni. Ngebhadi labo umfana hhayi ukwenza kahle esikoleni, kodwa ngokwezinga elikhulu lokhu kuye kwaba kulesakhiwo iwayini.

Kube nezinkinga ekutadisheni izincwadi Russian. uthisha kuncike ophika ukubaluleka isiko abalobi owayephila kanye izimbongi ezifana Pushkin futhi Zhukovsky. Umphumela wale ndlela kwaba nesithakazelo esiqotho engasithola abafundi izincwadi romantic kwekhulu le-19.

Kumiswa N. V Gogolya njengoba umbhali

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu sokuzivocavoca 1828, Classic waya emzini kwavela amathuba amahle kakhulu - Petersburg. Lesi sigaba zokuphila isibe enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ukuyedlula. ozihluphekelayo, washiya kuye unina, a noblewoman ekuphileni edolobheni elikhulu, okumenza ngokwanele, futhi Gogol wathatha umphakathi ukuthi maduze unesizungu kuye.

Khona-ke Nikolai Gogol wangena izincwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala eshicilelwe ngaphansi pseudonyms, baye bagxekwa ngumphakathi, futhi umlobi yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba waya kwamanye amazwe beyofuna ukuphila okungcono. Kodwa waqhubeka engumfundisi lapho inyanga eyodwa kuphela, ngemva kwalokho wabuyela ku-St Petersburg.

Ngokwe kugcinwa wayeyisazi ikusasa izincwadi Russian, nokuphila kwansuku zonke kanye namasiko abantu Ukraine bakhangwa hhayi kuphela Ukraine, kodwa futhi Russian. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho ingqondo yakhe waqala ukuthatha isimo uhlelo edumile "Ntambama kwi Ipulazi edude Dikanka". Le nsizwa kunomfana unina, ohlala emzaneni, ukuba amtshele okungaziwa amasiko Ukrainian namasiko ezinganekwaneni Ukrainian, yesandla zokubhukuda. Konke lokhu kwamsiza ngokugcwele nangokunembile ebonisa Little emzaneni Russian nabakhileyo kuwo.

Ngo 1830, ukukhanya uyaphuma umkhiqizo wokuqala ngempumelelo Gogol "Ntambama ngosuku olwandulela Ivana Kupala" yanyatheliswa ngo "Amanothi we lawobaba" ngo-1830. Kodwa udumo yangempela nokubonwa alethwe umbhali ezisencane "Ntambama kwi Ipulazi edude Dikanka", "Meyi Ebusuku" futhi "Sorochintsy Fair".

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ekuphileni komlobi ibheke phansi.

Yini eyaba nomthelela ukudalwa Gogol?

Ngo 1830 wasiza uNikolai wahlangana P. A. Pletnevym, V. A. Zhukovskim futhi A. S. Pushkinym, okuyinto ngokuya ukuthonywa ukudalwa kwezincwadi Gogol.

Konke ukuphila zabuna tetemibhalo wathola kuveza ngemisebenzi yakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waba ezingasho shí ekuphileni enhloko-dolobha. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya waphuma, "Petersburg Stories", ehlanganisa 5 izindaba:

• "SaseNevsky Prospect".
• "I ijazi"
• "Diary of a Madman."
• 'Esimweni'.
• "I Ikhala."

Collection united hhayi nje inkinga evamile, kodwa futhi isayithi ezivamile action - le edolobheni Petersburg, lapho N. V Gogol wahlala.

Ngokukhethekile ngemisebenzi yakhe, umbhali wanikeza isithombe Petersburg. Lo muzi wabhala eziningi: abalobi kanye izimbongi. Kubo, Petersburg kwakungeyona nje edolobheni - kwaba iwuphawu Russia entsha nekusasa layo elikhanyayo.

Bambalwa ivukile emisebenzini yakhe isihloko webumbacambili dolobha. Abantu bekubona njengoba nje kuphela "Grad Petrov", kodwa futhi okubi isiphephelo. Okukhulu kunakho imbongi golden age A. S. Pushkin, omunye kwaqale kwembulwa ubumbaxambili "emzini oku iNeva." Wachaza ngokuthi "umuzi omkhulu womkhoba, emzini abampofu."

Ikakhulukazi ngokukhazimulayo le nkinga kwembuleka e "saseNevsky Prospect". Ukuze ayebuthaka emgwaqweni main kufihlwe amathemba iyophulwa, izinhlekelele abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile. Endzabeni edolobheni akazishalazeli izinkinga zabantu - zonke run by imali futhi kwababusi. Umcabango okuhle nokubi kuleli dolobha Sekuyisikhathi eside ubhujiswe. Umqondo ofanayo uye wavula futhi uN V Gogol. Uzungu imisebenzi eminingi okhula Petersburg:-ke kuyadida nesithi "Ikhala" futhi "Diary of a Madman", "I ijazi" futhi "saseNevsky Prospekt". Petersburg Gogol - yisiphephelo izingane emgwaqweni nezikhulu abampofu. Lesi sithombe kuqhathaniswa isithombe ezivamile inhlokodolobha - the zikanokusho, engenzi lutho, Ukukhalipha yayo aphuphuthekise.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhlokodolobha Gogol sika - emzini lapho nezimfihlakalo futhi ngokoqobo ukuphila njengoba omunye.

Mirgorod ekuphileni umsebenzi Gogol

Nakuba Petersburg ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile ngemisebenzi Gogol, kwasekuqaleni lithathe temdzabu Ukraine. Ngaphezu kwalezi imisebenzi emangalisayo ezifana "Ntambama kwi Ipulazi edude Dikanka" futhi "Meyi Night", umbhali wabhala eziningi ezinye izindaba zenkolo, eyayibonakala zenziwe iqoqo "Mirgorod". Gogol wonder wakhetha iqoqo lakhe leli gama: idolobha Myrhorod livela emsebenzini wakhe "The Tale of kanjani Ivan Ivanovich baphikisana Ivan Nikiforovich".

Futhi kule qoqo lihlanganisa eminye imisebenzi ukuthi zaziwa kithi esikoleni:

• "Wii."
• "Taras Bulba".
• "Izwe Elidala, abanikazi bamazwe".

Kungani ncamashi Mirgorod? Gogol wakhetha ngamabomu le ndawo. Kepha engasekude edolobhaneni Omkhulu Sorochintsy, lapho Nicholas abasha wachitha esengumntwana nangesikhathi usakhula. Leli dolobhana efanayo futhi izibalo emsebenzini wakhe "Sorochintsy Fair".

Ngo lonke elase-Ukraine, ikakhulukazi, endaweni Mirgorod namuhla ukuhlonipha inkumbulo Countryman okukhulu. Yonke indawo kungabonwa hhayi kuphela ezikhumbuzo anikezelwe umbhali, kodwa futhi ezitaladini, amahhotela, amamotheli, izikwele, izibhedlela, imitapo, ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe.

I okwakhe izindaba Gogol sika

Ngemva kokuhlaziya yonke imikhiqizo kungenziwa ethize isehlane izici Gogol. Ezinye izikhathi emphilweni umbhali namuhla izinto impikiswano, kodwa imisebenzi yabo Gogol unembile kakhulu futhi kuqondile.

Isitayela okudala umbhali liyabonakala kakhulu. Lokho ubunjalo Encwadini ayibhalela Gogol abavunyelwe ukuba omunye wabalobi esikhulu kunazo zonke i-Golden Age. inkondlo yakhe yokuqala "Ganz Kyuhelgarten", okusho ukuthi ishicilelwe ngaphansi okungelona elakho, kwahluleka ngokudabukisayo. Isizathu salokhu kwazanywa babhale inkondlo e isitayela romance Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo.

amanoveli yakhe okwalandela nazo abhalwe ngendlela yothando, kodwa sekuqala ukuvela uhlamvu eziyingqayizivele lokubhala Gogol sika. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, umlobi, bethonywe Pushkin, wathatha izifundo okwangempela ezibucayi. Nakuba Gogol embona njengoba umeluleki wakhe, akalokothi wazama ukwenza imodeli imisebenzi Pushkin sika.

imisebenzi Umlobi ngasekupheleni kwaba orientation ecacile nomphakathi. Gogol kwaba ngomunye wabokuqala ukubonisa ngokunembile okushiwo inkinga "ndoda omncane" ekonakaleni Russian. Wasidalula eseyenza inhlekisa le inhlamba futhi avilaphe umuntu wesimanje, uyembulile ukuphikisana social isikhathi.

ukunakekelwa okukhethekile imisebenzi ekuqaleni we UNikolai. Lezi imisebenzi ukwabelana izici ezivamile liyabonakala. Ngokwesibonelo, imfihlakalo futhi romance, ekhululekile futhi incazelo "zingaphila" wokuphila Ukrainian, amareferensi temdzabu Ukraine.

intshiseko enjalo kungokwemvelo: komlobi ebuntwaneni ku Ukraine. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, ukuphila kwakhe kwasuswa nokuhlobene kakhulu amasiko Ukrainian namasiko. Kulezi imisebenzi, ngokuya kukhona inkolo eyayinaso - Babukeka kakhulu efana elibuhlungu inganekwane. Emibhalweni yakhe, Gogol ngobuciko kuhlanganiswe ngokoqobo kanye nokunyamalala ngokuyisimangaliso amandla otherworldly - eduze abantu Ukrainian wahlala elula futhi abathakathi mermaids, ngisho namademoni.

ubuhlakani ukufa

Imibuzo eminingi ngokuphila umbhali omkhulu futhi ongaqondakali ukhathazekile nge izingqondo zabantu. Kwakuyini igama Gogol? Ingabe washada? Ingabe kukhona inzalo ka bakhe? Kodwa umbuzo main yayisalokhu kuyimfihlakalo futhi okubangela eziningi mpikiswano - siyimbangela kokufa Gogol.

Kuze kube manje, akekho ongasho ngokuthe ngqo ukuthi ukukhanya ushiye le wayeyisazi umcabango etemibhalo. Izazi-mlando eziningi, wokuphila nezazi tetemibhalo ukubeka phambili enguqulweni yawo sokufa kwakhe. Omunye ezivamile, kodwa namanje uye ayitholakalanga isiqinisekiso inguqulo ithi umbhali wangcwatshwa ephila.

Lena ngempela ukushintshashintsha elethusayo labase-ukufa zakudala wethulwa 1931. Njengoba amathuna lapho wangcwatshwa, waba kwavala, kwanqunywa ukuba rebury ke. Ngezinye emcimbini owawuhanjelwe abalobi abaningi ovelele, futhi uma ivulwa lomngcwabo, ofakazi ngokwesaba okukhulu wathola ukuthi skeleton Gogol sika wayelele nekhanda lakhe waphendukela uhlangothi.

Lezi zindaba iye yabangela ibhakuzelisa ingxoxo hhayi kuphela imvelo etemibhalo zomlando, kodwa futhi phakathi kwabantu abavamile. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, lo mkhuba has a enengqondo: owokuqala kube abolile inqubo ohlangothini amabhodi lomngcwabo, futhi isivalo lomngcwabo, esingeyena basekela, iqala ingcindezi ekhanda isidumbu, okubangela ukuba baphendukele "Atlantov" vertebra. Ngokusho kochwepheshe ukungcwatshwa, kuyisenzo evamile, futhi Gogol akuyona eyokuqala, ngemva komngcwabo atholakala kule indlela omi ngayo.

Isimo nzima yokuthi ukwesaba enkulu UNikolai yokungcwaba uyaphila. Ngisho phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, waphawula ukuthi isimo kungaphansi okuthiwa "ukucobeka 'ngenxa yokuphatheka ukuba leli zwe elisizungezile ayitholakali, nokushaya kwenhliziyo kubambezela kakhulu, futhi i-pulse ayisekho palpable. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, wenza intando lapho beyalwa ukuba umngcwabe kuphela uma izimpawu zibonakala isidumbu yokubola. Lokhu kwanika Legend omlobi yokungcwaba uyaphila imfihlakalo enkulu nakakhulu.

Enye inguqulo akunjalo scary ngokufa zabuna - ubuthi calomel (izidakamizwa mercury-equkethe esetshenziswa ekhulwini le-19). Umlobi yena ngangenwa izifo eziningi, ngakho-ke ziphathwa ezihlukahlukene odokotela. Kuyinto iphutha yezokwelapha angabangela ukufa kwanoma Gogol.

Inguqulo yakamuva idumile kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo-ke ayibonwa njengenhlangano esemthethweni.

Ngakho, kunenkolelo yokuthi Nikolay vasilevich Gogol wafa ngenxa yokukhathala okubangelwa indlala. zabuna Contemporary wavuma ngangenwa bacindezeleke uthi futhi ngokweqile ezizoqhubela inkolo, okwamholela ukuphawula indlela atehlukanisa wokuphila kanye nokwenqatshwa benjabulo lokubakhonza ngezokwenyama.

Ekufuneni ngokunqoba umoya phezu komzimba Gogol azibulale ngokwami ukwenqaba eziphikelelayo ukudla. Kwesonto ngaphambi kokuqala yokuHlawula wathatha isinqumo ukulahla umsebenzi, ukudla kanye nomkhawulo oxhumana nabantu.

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe wazishisa izimpahla zabo, njengoba echaza, "ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya omubi." Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokufa isimo komlobi usufinyelele - wathatha uhlaka lwakhe lukhuni intamo yabo noma iluphi usizo ngokwengqondo Usululungele ukufa. Odokotela abayekanga bezama ukwelapha umbhali, kodwa Februwari 21, 1852 Nikolay vasilevich Gogol befa.

Manje Gogol wangcwatshwa eMoscow Novodevichy Amathuna. Umlobi washona ngo bokuphila, kodwa, njengoba nomcwaningi etemibhalo VA Nikolaev, kuyinto "ukufa, kugcwale injongo esingokomoya," futhi yini umbhali wafuna.