KumiswaIndaba

Land yelanga eliphumayo - Japan. Umlando of Japan. Izinganekwane of Japan

Izwe njengoba liphuma, nesithombe uyoboniswa ngezansi, kubhekwa omunye uthi athuthukile zomhlaba. Iphuzu esiphezulu we ndawo Mount Fuji. Japan - izwe nge isiko ocebile nomlando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi simo, piously reveres namasiko alo. Kumele ukuthi Japan kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwakukhona izinkathi nokwehla kwezomnotho. Kodwa naphezu kobunzima, uhulumeni uye wakwazi hhayi kuphela yokunqoba le nkinga esibhekene nayo kwenzeka, kodwa futhi ukuba safinyelela ezithile kuyo yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi womuntu. Ubufakazi lokhu isikhundla salo izwe. Uyini umlando Japan? kwaba kanjani ukuthuthukiswa isimo? Uyini umhlaba yelanga eliphumayo namuhla? Mayelana nalesi kamuva esihlokweni.

Uhlolojikelele

Izwe YeJapan itholakala kuleli qoqo leziqhingi, esakhiwa lenqwaba iziqhingi. 6852. Sekukonke kukhona mayelana 97% of the indawo elalihlala iziqhingi ezine elikhulu Shikoku, Kyushu, Hokkaido futhi Honshu. Iningi izindawo sezintaba, sezwe mlilo.

Land yelanga eliphumayo - Japan - indawo emhlabeni yeshumi ngokuya labantu. insimu yalo iyikhaya ezingaphezu kuka 127 million. Man. Greater Tokyo - endaweni efaka, eqinisweni, inhloko-dolobha yezwe futhi eziningi izizinda eziseduze - ibhekwa njengezwekazi agglomeration esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lihlala abantu abangaphezu kuka-amathathu wezigidi.

Isimo has a ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu. Leli zwe endaweni yeshumi ngosuku Inkomba yentuthuko ukubaluleka kwabantu. Kukhona yamazinga aphezulu okungabi bempilo. Ngo-2009, unyaka kwaba iminyaka 82,12. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinga eliphansi kunawo wonke mayelana nokufa kwezinsana. Japan - lizwe kuphela emhlabeni engibukhulumile ngaso izikhali zenuzi yasetshenziswa.

lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila

Namuhla, YeJapan (Japan) ekhona wesithathu emhlabeni ngu -GDP, ngokulinganisa silinganiso futhi ibalwa kwamandla umthengi. Isimo kuyinto isithekelisi sesine ngobukhulu futhi ongenisa yayo wesithupha. Libuye libe yingxenye "Big Eight", njalo akhethwe njengelungu nonpermanent we-UN Security Council. Naphezu ekuphikeni esemthethweni ilungelo zimemezele impi, Japan has bayibutho elikhulu futhi zesimanje. Amabutho ahlomile ukuvikela imingcele futhi bahlanganyele yokugcinwa imisebenzi.

Igama isimo

Kungani Japan - Land of YeJapan? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kumelwe sibheke umsuka igama isimo. Igama elithi "Japan", njengoba thina call it, kuyinto exonym futhi basukile German. Abantu ngokwabo ubheke ezweni lawo ngokuthi "Nihon" noma "Nippon". Bobabili samuntu lokuqala nelesibili kulotshiwe usebenzisa "kanji". "Nippon" - igama esisemthethweni ngaphezulu. Ivame esetshenziswa ku izitembu zokuposa, yen, amagama noma yimuphi umcimbi obaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke uvame esetshenziswa "Nihon".

Japanese ngokwabo shayela ulimi "nihondzin", esikhulunywa - "Nihongo". Ngokusemthethweni, uhulumeni ngokuthi "Nippon Coke" noma "i-Nihon coca". Inketho yokugcina ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi njengoba "okwazalelwa / umthombo ilanga." Leli gama bavela okokuqala ukuxhumana phakathi Umbusi abamele Sui (lwamakhosi Chinese). "Nihon" ngokuvamile elihunyushwa ngokuthi "Izwe vshodyaschego ilanga." Ngezenzo leli gama zaqala ukusetshenziswa ne mayelana nenkathi Nara. State kuze kube ngomzuzu ngokuthi "Yamato".

Umlando of Japan

Ngokokuqala ngqá leli qoqo leziqhingi laqala sase sihlala emhlabeni wama-40 yeminyaka BC. e. I-Japanese lasendulo babehilelekile ukuhlangana nokuzingela, ukwenza amathuluzi roughing. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho zobumba, ngokuqondene lapho inkathi ubizwa nangokuthi "inkathi isiko preceramic".

Ngemva kwesikhathi yakhe waqala "Jomon". Kuyinto periodization kwezemivubukulo States we Neolithic futhi Mesolithic. Isici nobuntu langaleso sikhathi laliwumfuziselo ukudalwa, eqinisweni, iningi zonke kuleli qoqo leziqhingi. Phakathi nale nkathi, kwaqala ukuvela zobumba kwansuku zonke.

Babalelwa ku-500 BC. e. Qala Isikhathi "Yayoi." Le nkathi libhekene ukubukeka eniselwayo irayisi kulinywe, lo uhlaka lokweluka indwangu futhi isondo sombumbi, ekuqaleni ukucutshungulwa izinsimbi (yensimbi, nethusi, ithusi), ukwakhiwa izindunduma zokuzivikela. Zonke lezi ezintsha eziye zavela sibonga izivakashi ezivela Korea China. Ngokokuqala ngqá, "YeJapan" kukhulunywa ngenye indaba Chinese - "Hanshu". Okuningi "umhlaba Wa" (okubizwa ngokuthi qoqo leziqhingi Chinese) kuchazwa "Umlando we Imibuso amathathu". Ngokusho kwemibiko, enamandla kunazo ngekhulu lesithathu, ubukhulu Yamatay. It iholwa umbusi Himiko.

State kanye isimiso sezombusazwe

Land yelanga eliphumayo - Japan - kuyinto ohlanga ngokomthethosisekelo ePhalamende. Ngokwe-Basic Law of the State kusukela ngo-1947, uMbusi kuyinto "iwuphawu ubunye abantu isimo." Zonke izinqumo kanye nokumiswa zamukelwa bese zilandelwa ngu-ke ngokuhambisana ukumelwa leKhabhinethi. UMbusi emihlanganweni zamanxusa ukhonza njengomdala kweNhloko Yombuso. IBhodi kusukela ngonyaka ka 1989, unyaka usezandleni of Akihito.

Njengoba sakhiwo esiphezulu esithatha izinqumo amandla wombuso kanye ematheni isakhiwo zomthetho imele ePhalamende. Kuhlanganisa emakamelweni amabili: abameleli nabeluleki. Igcine ukubuyekezwa njalo eminyakeni 3 ngo-50%. Ngo-House of Abamele 480 amasekela samanje. Basuke akhethwe iminyaka 4. House of Amakhansela yakhiwa amasekela 242 akhethwe iminyaka 6. Ngaphansi kweMtsetfosisekelo, iPhalamende sinikezwe ngokuphelele amandla okushaya imithetho futhi unelungelo okukhethekile ukuphatha izimali.

Bonke abahlali Usufike kwabaneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala ongabamba iqhaza okhethweni. Ukhetho amasekela Chamber Kwenziwa ivoti eliyimfihlo. EJapane, kwamaqembu amakhulu amabili. Ngo-2009, e-Democratic Party salandelwa Social Liberals ePhalamende likasoseshini olandelanayo ovulekile-yeningi, ilungelo iminyaka engu-54, waba iningi lamavoti.

Culture of Japan

Kusukela ekupheleni yokuqala yeminyaka AD kwaba ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa izincwadi. Ematheksthi lokuqala Yalotshwa Japanese liculo 9-10 th eminyaka. Futhi walondoloza kukhona ezinye izikhumbuzo izakhiwo kanye Umdwebo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibili yeminyaka. Phakathi kumiswa isiko Japanese elikhulu bafakela ke, China, bese ziye eNtshonalanga Yurophu okwesikhashana.

Ngokwesiko, Epos wayenothile nge ezihlukahlukene izindaba mayelana izilo, izipoki, izidalwa eziyinqaba. Ethandwa kakhulu babe "Ecay". Ngayinye yalezi izinhlamvu unemigomo azifani ezazihlobene kwaba sekufeni kwabo. Ngo inqubo ekukhuleni komphakathi eziningi izithombe "baletha usesikhathini." EJapane, kukhona legend sasivumela ethandwa. Legend of toilet Hanako inguqulo yanamuhla izinganekwane mayelana "yūrei". Lapho siqhuba ucwaningo labantu Japan yesimanje wakwazi ukuqoqa engaphezu kwekhulu izindaba ezahlukene mayelana izilo. Common bonke "yūrei" izici babe sengozini ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, kufihlwe ngemuva izinwele umlomo, ukuntuleka engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba, njengomuntu chipped Reiko Kashima ukuhambisa manje izindololwane futhi etshekile ukugawulwa abantu.

imidwebo

ezobuciko of Japan - Ngokuyinhloko imidwebo langa ephepheni, yokudweba izingange zezindlu zayo zamakhosi, izindwangu, izikrini, abalandeli kanye buso ezigcawugcawu. Imisebenzi ekuseni zihlanganisa imifanekiso amanoveli, inganekwane, izindaba. Yalotshwa emuva 8-12 eminyaka. Ubuciko lasendulo yelanga eliphumayo - Ngokuyinhloko intela kwabase-amahle, yemvelo, yemvelo. Esikhathini landscape ngekhulu le-14 imidwebo amasu lwangena yokudweba ngoyinki. abaculi Japanese kwafinyelela ezingeni engakaze ibonwe ngempela ikhono lakhe. Ngosizo umbala omnyama, zakha yobuciko yangempela futhi sekudlule isiyaluyalu imibala yemvelo. Enye yalezi abaculi iwukuba Sassi. Akhe dalo bheka emnandi kakhulu futhi zemvelo. In the izithombe lidlulisela kahle kwemizwa umdwebi.

Umdwebo ezindongeni

nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo, leli fomu art siyitholile eminyaka th 12-13. Kwakuthinta ngaleso sikhathi izindonga zamakhosi zambozwa imidwebo ngokubabazekayo ezimibalabala. Njengomthetho lyric izinhlamvu izindaba, ethandwa ngaleso sikhathi, baba ezilandiswa ngezithombe. Ngenxa yokudweba izingange zezindlu zayo zamakhosi, e- art of Japan ongene inqubo efana isitayela seshidi - Woodcuts. Lezi yobuciko wadala hhayi kuphela abaculi, kodwa futhi inkosi, usike izingcwecwe zokunyathelisa ekhethekile, kanye iphrinta abangamaJalimane, babesebenza yezicathulo.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-13 ukwenziwa kwemifanekiso iziphandla. Kodwa-ke kumele ukuthi njengenhlangano ezimele zobuciko xylography neyaziwayo kuphela ekhulwini le-17. Kuze kube mikhondo kwekhulu le-18 babe omnyama nomhlophe. "Ukiyo-e" - indlela entsha Woodcuts kwamiswa 17-19 eminyaka. Humusha leli gama kungaba ngokuthi "umfanekiso emhlabeni ezintantayo". Lolu hlobo lwe-oqoshiwe kubhekwa omunye izindawo "Edo" - ubuciko, isihloko okwakuwuphawu iholide futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke izakhamuzi.

amakhosi amakhulu

yezicathulo Japanese inamba okhazinyulisiwe abaculi. Phakathi kwabo endaweni yokuqala kufanele zabelwe Tosyusyaya Sharaku. Umbhalo master kuboniswe abadlali Kabuki, echaza ngokucacile futhi ngandlela-thile ihaba izici ngamunye wabo. Omunye umsunguli - Kitagava Utamaro - emisebenzini yakhe iveza abesifazane amahle. Katsushika Hokusai wadala "Ukubukwa 36 kweNtaba Fuji".

Kumele wathi lapha ukuthi ukusetshenziswa imibala Woodcuts babevela China. Okokuqala, master wasebenzisa inani elilinganiselwe imibala. Ngu eyikhulu we-18 imishini umbala uthathé indzima lesembili Woodcuts. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuciko ugcwele ligxilile izinhlobo ezifana "yakusya-e" futhi "bidzinga". Isihloko zinyanga steel nomthwebuli owaphila "omakhelwane oluhlaza" (ubumnandi izindlu).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbala mikhondo akasenzanga kwezobuciko, kodwa futhi ithuluzi ulwazi. Ezilandiswa ngezithombe abantu abahlala emadolobheni, izitayela ezintsha zemfashini, izinkomba ezahlukene ukuphila enhloko-dolobha, imisebenzi nabakhi abathengisi nemindeni yabo. Artworks isitayela 'yakusya-e "akunakubangelwa ukusakaza ukukhangisa. Bona ayefana ncamashi amaphosta kanye kuchazwa abadlali abadlala kuleli enkundleni edumile yemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye yayithandwa nomphakathi.

isayensi

Land yelanga eliphumayo - Japan - kubhekwa omunye wabaholi emkhakheni wesayensi, amarobhothi, Biomedicine. Emisebenzini ehlukahlukene ucwaningo abathintekayo Ochwepheshe ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 700. Japan ekhona wesithathu ku izimali ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa isayensi. On ukusetshenziswa kanye ukukhiqizwa umholi amarobhothi isimo. Ngo isayensi eyisisekelo, Japan Ubuye isikhundla okuholela. Ngo isimo 13 izifundiswa kukhona abazuza izindondo zikaNobel kwezokwelapha, neyezinto zemvelo. Ngaphakathi ezweni isebenzisa ezingaphezu kwesigamu the athuthukiswe futhi ikhishwe amarobhothi.

isikhala Exploration

Aviation, amaplanethi futhi ukuhlola umkhathi inikeza isikhala ejensi. Ithimba lakhe zihilelekile umklamo satellites namarokhethi. I-Ejensi unethuba lokufeza kwethulwa i-satellite yokufakelwa ukuzungeza Earth, iziteshi interplanetary uhlobo othomathikhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhungo ucwaningo ngenkuthalo iqhaza ezinhlelweni isikhala ngamazwe. Ngakho, ngo-2010, i-satellite ukutadisha iplanethi Venus wethulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umatasa ubeka lapho kutadishwa Mercury, ihlelelwe-2030 kwakhiwa isisekelo the Moon. Japan, ngokusobala, eqhuba umsebenzi emikhulu cwaningo bendawo yonke. Ngo-2007, ayezama ukumbalekela 2nd satellite yokufakelwa. Umsebenzi wakhe kuhloswe ukuqoqa ulwazi ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka of the Moon.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 zu.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.