Lokho washumayela yezihlubuki? Njengoba iSonto LamaKatolika alwa yezihlubuki?

Esikhathini BC IV leminyaka. e. UMbusi uConstantine waphendukela wenkolo yobuKristu ayeshushiswa le yokutholwa ngokusemthethweni yonke indawo enkulu yoMbuso WaseRoma. Ngemva kwalokho labo abanamathela beshushiswa futhi zokucindezelwa baqala ukunqabela ngokwabo futhi Ngazixosha izitha zabo, kokubalula ukuba izinkolelo engaziwa engaziwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbhishobhi waseRoma uhlelo ukubukwa nemibono, kamuva elaba isisekelo yamaKatolika. Noma yini angawi ngaphansi kwalesi simiso Wadelelwa, futhi kamuva ngesihluku bayoshushiswa. Abantu ababeka ungavumelani nezinkolelo zenkolo ezivamile, nabizelwa izihlubuki nososayensi ngokwabo babekhokha okuthiwa ukuhlubuka.

nezimbangela zezenhlalo esontweni

Ukuvela esontweni ebuKristwini kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa izinguquko ezaba khona kwezenhlalo yokungakholelwa ezenzeka ekuphileni kwamaKristu phakathi noshushiso. Amazenge empofu kakhulu yenhloko-labantu ngifuna ekubuyisaneni entsha nokulingana inkolo. Ngakho-ke, i-nokunonophala kancane kancane abefundisi, ekuqiniseni uhlelo zokuphatha isiqalo ukuhlehlela ngesikhathi beshushiswa ayengenakuziletha ukulahlwa phezu ingxenye amakholwa avamile. Etigabeni empofu kakhulu yenhloko-labantu waphila izimiso zokuqala ekuphileni umKristu othobekile futhi elula. isimo ziyangqubuzana uquqaba, ukutolika olungafani emfundisweni yobuKristu kanye jikelele ukunganeliseki ukuphila ngokugcwele abefundisi ephakeme futhi anikeza ugqozi ukuvela nokwanda imibono ukuthi washumayela yezihlubuki nabo iSonto LamaKatolika zalwa kanzima isikhathi eside futhi igazi.

UMkhandlu WaseNicaea

Ngonyaka ka-313, i-emperor uConstantine elikhiphe ukubekezelela Mthetho, owawuthi zonke izakhamizi inkululeko yenkolo. Lo mbhalo, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi iSimemezelo Milan, eqinisweni, kwasho ubuKristu njengenkolo agcwele. Khona-ke, ngo-325, wathatha WamaSonto Council e WaseNicaea, okuyinto waqale wezwa izwi "baqede". Eyokuqala kwathiwa imbuka Bishop u-Arius, owayekade kubhekwe yezinsika ubuKristu. U-Arius wafundisa Creation, yesibili, uJesu wafanisa uNkulunkulu. Orthodox njengenhlangano ukulingana phakathi uNkulunkulu noJesu Kristu, okuyinto kamuva yaba yisisekelo eningiliziwe emayelana nemfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu. U-Arius nabalandeli bakhe, ngokuthi Arians, babe abaphathi lokuqala imibono ukuthi washumayela zezihlubuki.

Century ngaphandle namambuka

Ngo 384 wabulawa Priscillian - owokugcina labo ezihlelwe walahla ukholo lwakhe wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. Kodwa umbono zezombusazwe futhi izindlela ukuqinisa neziphathimandla bashiya umlando ongeke lokhu isimo esinamandla, iSonto LamaKatolika yokutholwa ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa. UbuKatolika amakhulu eminyaka nabakhi bezindawo abanaki imithelela ukutolika ezahlukene the New Testament, futhi ngenkuthalo adayiswa abantu European ebuKristwini. Kwaba ngemva ukwakheka Empire Carolingian - okungukuthi, kanye nokuqinisa amandla wokuziphilisa, ekuqa- zeminyaka, ubuKatolika kwaba inkolo langempela, futhi encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla kanye nezincwadi zomlando wamakhosi isikhathi kabusha uvele igama elithi "baqede".

izimbangela

Izindela, owayehlala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibili yeminyaka, ngokuvamile kuchazwa ikhono ephulukisa ezingcwele ongcwele nezimangaliso ezehlukene ukuthi kwenzeke amakholwa. Kulezi amarekhodi kanye wathola Ukukhuluma disapproving kakhulu labo bakloloda libhekisela izinsalela oNgcwele, mhlawumbe yezihlubuki kuqala ngabantu abenza alimazanga "izimangaliso ongcwele." iVangeli ubumnene, ukulunga, ubumpofu nokuthobeka, iVangeli kwamaKristu okuqala abaphostoli - La ukukloloda ku imibhikisho esenzeka igama Gospel kwaqubuka. Labo ukubukwa, okuyinto washumayela zezihlubuki, esekelwe imiqondo Evangelistic khomba, ngokombono wabo, kakhulu luwumgogodla wobuKristu.

I kuqale ushushiso

Ngokwemibhalo yomlando ephakathi lwemilando, labo nabizelwa imbuka, uziphikile lezi igunya zenkundla, wenqaba ukubhapathizwa kwezinsana, akazange aqaphele isakramente umshado kanye nekuvuma. Okokuqala wehlele mlando isibonelo ngendlela isonto oye wahlushwa izihlubuki, eyabhalwa ngonyaka 1022. Imisho kushiswe Orleans eyamukelwayo ngiyikhiphile inzalo ka-umnyombo walokho okushiwo izihlubuki ukushumayela. Laba bantu alimazanga lesimiso isakramente, ubhapathizo wawenziwa omunye izandla, inqatshelwe yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi Ukubethelwa. Ungakwazi ungacabangi ukuthi izihlubuki abakhulu bavela kwezakhi aphansi sabantu. Kunalokho, izisulu lokuqala imililo aye amiswa ngesikhathi obaba abangokomoya, usebenzisa ezenkolo ukuze bathethelele ephikisayo yabo.

Isijeziso e Orleans, kwavulela nokubacindezela ngesihluku kakhulu. Le mpi ezimelene nezihlubuki luvutha imililo Aquitaine Toulouse. Ukuze ababhishobhi waletha yonke inhlangano yabantwana bakwa kwabezizwe, owakhuluma phambi kwezinkantolo kobufundisi iphethe iBhayibheli ngesandla, echaza futhi ebonisa ngezingcaphuno ezivela emiBhalweni Engcwele ilungile ukuthi washumayela zezihlubuki. Njengoba iSonto LamaKatolika alwa yezihlubuki, kubonakala Izinqumo amajaji kobufundisi. Ugwetshwe force okugcwele waya umlilo, okuyinto basindiswa futhi izingane noma asebekhulile. Imililo e-Europe - sibonelo esigqamile ngendlela isonto oye wahlushwa izihlubuki.

Ekhulwini XII, imililo lushiswe emazweni Rhine. Namambuka zaziziningi kangako ukuthi indela Evervin De Steynfeld eceliwe usizo monk Cistercian Bernard, has a idumela umshushisi okungaguquki ngesihluku kwabezizwe. Ngemva nezibhelu ezinkulu futhi kuphangwa imililo kushiswe Cologne. nophenyo yeKambiso nemisho eyamukelwayo babengasahlali isethi izinsolo ubuthakathi nokuziphatha okubi, kodwa waqhubeka amaphuzu ecacile ukungavumelani yezihlubuki imibono isonto Orthodox. Utholakala enecala wagwetshwa, "abaphostoli sikaSathane" wathatha kokufa kwakhe ngakho ngesibindi oholele ukukhathazeka kanye nokububula esixuku khona esivuthayo.

izidleke baqede

Naphezu ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu evuthayo isonto, kwakukhona emaphaketheni lokuhlubuka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Umbono ovamile kwenza, njengoba umzabalazo phakathi kokuhle nokubi, ithole umoya wesibili imisinga zezihlubuki. webumbacambili isimiso kwaba ukuthi umhlaba awuzange adalwa nguNkulunkulu, futhi lezo zingelosi eziyizihlubuki - Lucifer, yingakho kukhona obungaka, indlala, kokufa nezifo. Ekupheleni XII kwenza ekhulwini elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe le esontweni ezimbi kakhulu. Umqondo impi phakathi izingelosi okuhle nokubi, nodrako, kwakuthé chithi saka ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, kodwa umzabalazo nale mbono esontweni waqala kamuva kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekhulwini XII, waqinisa igunya lobukhosi nabezenkolo e-Europe, ukuphila is kuqhathaniswa uhlaliseke, futhi isimiso webumbacambili - umzabalazo - isibe ezingadingekile futhi kungaba ngisho nayingozi. Amandla negunya likaNkulunkulu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela iSonto - okuthile okuphikisana yi yezihlubuki, futhi lowo siphethe kwabo engozini ngoba nje nokuqinisa yamaKatolika.

Ukusabalala baqede

Ekhulwini XII izindawo eziyinhloko zomhlaba babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli baqede Southern Europe. Umphakathi eyakhelwe ngomfanekiso iSonto LamaKatolika, kodwa, ngokungafani kuya wabefundisi ekuphathweni esontweni wanikwa indawo futhi abesifazane. Namambuka Ephakathi okuthiwa "amadoda okuhle" futhi "owesifazane omuhle." Izazi-mlando kamuva isikhathi waqala ngokuthi Cathars. Leli gama livela egameni Ephakathi, i-cattier igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi uyathakatha, akhothamela ikati.

It is ukuthi Cathars kwadingeka izikhungo zabo ezingokwenkolo abambelele kuzo Imikhandlu yabo, ukuze ahehe labo abanamathela ezingasho ezaziwayo. Uma IFrance neJalimane ayafa ephikisayo kuleli ihlumela, bese e-Italy futhi Languedoc Cathars landiswa futhi kwaqinisa nguwo. Imikhaya eminingi wekuvana isikhathi nesimo ukholo olusha futhi banikwa nokokwembatha beshushiswa co-benkolo futhi basakaza lezo zimfundiso ukuthi washumayela zezihlubuki.

Njengoba iSonto LamaKatolika alwa yezihlubuki

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIII. esihlalweni sobukhosi sobupapa ngu Innocent III, injongo okwakukhona yokuhlanganisa wonke-European, ukubuya amazwe lwaseningizimu yeYurophu esontweni sezindela. Ngemva uchungechunge ukwehluleka of the Catholic Church, athatha izintambo yonke imibuso ukuze kuqedwe baqede, bangena umfelandawonye yinkosi yaseFrance, wahola impi ngokumelene nabantu abaphikisana. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili engapheli izimpi, mass ukushiswa zabantu ziye zaholela kombuso ephelele Languedoc futhi okutshalwe enkolweni yamaKatolika. Kodwa kwakukhona yonke imindeni nemiphakathi zabantu owayelokhu ngasese amasiko okhokho babo futhi nalaba bahlaseli. Kwaba ukuhlonza nokuqeda lezi zihlubuki usuqinisiwe Yokuqulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki.

Inquisition

Ngo 1233 lopapa wadala umzimba ezikhethekile, okuyinto kwadingeka ilungelo lokubeka ukuphenduka futhi ajezise abangalaleli. INkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki amandla wayiswa Franciscans futhi Dominicans, ababethwala ku Namazwe Wik intshumayelo ezintsha, ezisuselwa naletintfo of the Catholic Church. Esikhundleni i terror evulekile ahlomile iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki asetshenziswa okulahla nokunyundela njengoba ithuluzi ukukhomba futhi abhubhise abangalaleli. Kuqhathaniswa ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu ka iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki zokugcina wabulala ezimbalwa, kodwa okubi nakakhulu kwaba ukuba ezandleni zakhe. eziphendukayo Simple kungenzeka ukuqeda ekuthathweni kwempahla nokuphenduka umphakathi kulabo bavikela amalungelo abo okholweni, sinqumo khona umlilo. Abanaso onga ngisho nabafileyo - izinsalela zabo bagubhe futhi equliswa evutha.

Ngakho, iSonto lamaKatolika yezihlubuki babe impi ukungalingani elilodwa ukholo efanayo, ngoba esinye sazo futhi uNkulunkulu ofanayo. Lonke umlando YobuKatolika ekubeni imililo ovuthayo wafela ukholo. Kuqothulwe izihlubuki wakhonza njengobufakazi obengeziwe, uyobhekwa njengonokuqonda amandla esontweni yegama likaKristu, ukubhubhisa ezinye, ubuthakathaka, iSonto.