West Russia: incazelo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye nomlando. AseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Russia - Umlando

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, Western Russia ihlanganisa izindawo asemingceleni eHungary, ePoland naseLithuania. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-kwehlukana zezombusazwe ezikule ndawo ine principalities eziningana, elwa nomunye phambili.

Ingxenye Kievan Rus '

Ngaphambi ukuvela isimo esisodwa lasendulo Russian ensimini ka Western Russia wahlala Izinyunyana lesizwana Eastern lwamaSlav: Dregovichi, drevlyans, Volhynians, Ulichi nokumhlophe eCroatia. Ngo IX-X eminyaka. kwakuhlangene eKiev. Le nqubo yaqedwa phakathi nokubusa Vladimira Svyatoslavicha (980-1015).

West Russia enyakatho eceleni izizwe Baltic: Lithuania, Prussia futhi Zhmud. Lezi zakhamuzi zase-coast Baltic ukudayisa lwamaSlav uju kanye amber. Bake akubanga ingozi eRussia. Kwaba Sinemandla umakhelwane entshonalanga - Polish Kingdom. Babhapathizwa ngosuku amaSlav abangu ngokwesiko lamaRoma. Umehluko phakathi kwamaKatolika Orthodox bebelokhu yezimbangela ukungezwani phakathi Russia nase-Poland. Ngo 981 uVladimir Red Sun uye iqale impi ngo-Prince Mieszko mina futhi unqobe izwe lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi Cherven owawungumnyaka umuzi omkhulu Przemysl.

Esikhathini eningizimu ntshonalanga yeRussia yaphela emaqeleni, okuyinto kwakufanele imihambuma ukukhuluma Turkic-ekhaya. Okokuqala kwakukhona Pechenegs. Esikhathini X leminyaka ukuba esikhundleni wuhlelo Polovtsy. Ngokulinganayo phakathi nawo ukuthi kokubili asemaqeleni ahlelwe amakhambo waqobe ukuya eRussia, ephelezelwa aphanga futhi ubudlova ngokumelene izakhamuzi.

Inkathi kwehlukana zezombusazwe

Ngemva kokufa Yaroslava Mudrogo e 1054 esihlanganisiwe Old isimo Russian lahlukaniswa laba principalities eziningana. Le nqubo ibilokhu iwohloka kancane kancane. Ngo nabathile bezikhulu zakwa Kievan, ezifana uVladimir Monomakh, izwe futhi iba lephelele. Nokho, ngokuxabana ubudala agnatic ekugcineni ihlukaniswe Russia. Ekhulwini XI le ubukhulu lomcoka entshonalanga eRussia lezwakala naseVolyn nekomkhulu lalo emzini uVladimir-naseVolyn.

Rostislav lwamakhosi

Lapha lwamakhosi igxilile owehla evela Rostislav Vladimirovich - umzukulu Yaroslava Mudrogo komugqa abaphezulu. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi abamele inzalo ngisho kwadingeka amalungelo angokomthetho Kiev, kodwa "unina amadolobha Russian" igxilile nezinye Rurik. Ekuqaleni izingane ayehlala esigodlweni Rostislav Jaropolk Izyaslavich - umbusi Kiev. Ngo 1084 Rurik Volodar cornflowers futhi dula aphume Prince uVladimir, futhi isikhathi matasa sonke isifunda.

Ekugcineni Rostislavichi ashaqe naseVolyn ngemva Lyubech Congress e 1097 kanye nempikiswano eqhubekayo kwenza impi yombango. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqashelwa kwabo kwezombusazwe kwezinye izindawo emizaneni eseduze elincane esifundeni (ngaphandle uVladimir futhi Przemysl) - Terebovlya futhi Dorogobuzh. Umzukulu Rostislav uVladimir Volodarevich e 1140 ahlanganisiwe kubo futhi wadala ubukhulu entsha nekomkhulu lalo Galicia. izakhamuzi zakhona usukhulile zicebile ukuhweba usawoti nomakhelwane balo. Western eRussia lezwakala ephawulekayo sihluke obukhulu enyakatho-mpumalanga lapho lwamaSlav wahlala ehlathini eduze izizwe Finnish.

uJaroslav Osmomysl

Lapho indodana uVladimir Yaroslav Osmomysl (wabusa 1153-1187 GG.) Ubukhulu Galician sihlangabezane yokuchuma. Zonke phakathi nokubusa kwayo wazama ukuba simelane hegemony Kiev kanyenamadlelandawonye alo ne uVladimir-naseVolyn. Lokhu umzabalazo yaphela ngo impumelelo. Ngo 1168, ngaphansi kobuholi buka umfelandawonye ka izikhulu Andreya Bogolyubskogo ethumba Kiev futhi badumale impango yaso, okwathi ngemva kwalokho dolobha aliphindanga lasimama. ukubaluleka kwalo zezombusazwe yawohloka, kwathi galich, kunalokho, laliyisikhungo Western Russia.

UJaroslav wahola inqubomgomo angaphandle asebenzayo, engena ezindlini ngezindlu imifelandawonye futhi ukulwa eHungary nasePoland. Nokho, ngemva kokufa ku Osmomysl Galicia waqala ukuxabana. Indodana yakhe eyamlandela esikhundleni, uVladimir Yaroslavich wavuma ubukhulu Rostov Prince Vsevolod Nest Big. Enalesi ukuphikiswa Boyar futhi ngagcina waxoshwa emzini wakubo. Endaweni lakhe lathiwa naseVolyn Prince Roman Mstislavovich, ndawonye izingxenye ezimbili ubukhulu namandla eyodwa.

Association of Galicia naseVolyn

Roman Mstislavovich - ngokungafani odlule galich izikhulu - kwaba ozalweni Vladimira Monomaha. Ngokusho unina, wayehlobene we lwamakhosi Polish elibusayo. Akumangazi ukuthi ingane wakhulela Krakow.

Ngemva kokufa uVladimir Yaroslavich WaseRoma beza galich, kanye ibutho Polish, esanikwa isikhulu yinkosi - akhe sizana. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1199. Lolu suku kubhekwa usuku ukudalwa olulodwa Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. History of Western Russia le nkathi kuyinto interweaving ezithakazelisayo inqubomgomo medieval Slavic.

Roman Mstislavovich kabili ethumba Kiev, kodwa akazange athole isikhulu zakhe, wafaka phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi abantu bendawo abathembekile abazithola poluvassalnoy kuncike kuye. Okufanela enkulu lombusi Galician kwaba inhlangano yochungechunge oluthile lwezinto ezenzeke imikhankaso ngokumelene Polovtsian, esithinta kokubili aseNtshonalanga Kapa kanye naseMpumalanga Russia. Ukulwa ne abayimizulane, Roman yakhetha ngosizo zonke izihlobo zakhe lo Rurik lwamakhosi. Kukhona theory ezingaqinisekisiwe ukuthi e 1204, ngemva kokuwa kweConstantinople kuye kwabaleka abadingisiwe uMbusi Alexios III Angelos.

Ukulwa for kuyisezala Daniel ifa

Roman Mstislavovich washona ngo 1205 kulandela ukulimala ukuzingela. Indodana yakhe uDaniyeli wayesesangweni nje nosana. boyars Galician bakusebenzisa lokhu, wayencisha kuye kwesihlalo sobukhosi. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, uDaniyeli balwa Izicukuthwane edlubulundayo, izikhulu Russian nomakhelwane asentshonalanga ilungelo ukubuyela efeni likayise. Kwaba sikhathi elikhanyayo ligcwele zonke izinhlobo imicimbi. Kwakuphakathi wokubusa Daniel Romanovich Western Rus safinyelela lalichumile kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe.

amandla Insika isikhulu kwaba ekilasini serviceman, nezakhamuzi ezisemadolobheni, ezasekela umbusi engumenzi wokuthula. Eminyakeni sokuthula nokuchuma okungenakuqhathaniswa, Daniel wasiza ukukhula izinqaba entsha kanye eziyinxanxathela, ukuheha, abahwebi bezentengiselwano ne anamakhono. Lapho-ke elamiswa Lviv Hill.

Inkathi yokuchuma Western Russia

Lapho ufika eminyakeni yokuthomba, ngo-1215 umfana iSikhulu naseVolyn. Leli fa futhi baba patrimony zako ezisemqoka. Ngo 1238, wagcina wabuyisela ubukhulu ka galich, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ethumba Kiev. Nokuqhakaza kwayo amandla amasha uvinjelwe amaMongol ahlasele. Emuva ngo-1223 i-uDaniyeli osemusha e indlela yokwakheka Slavic isikhulu sokusebenzisana nengxenye Battle of the Kalka. Khona-ke amaMongol okuhleliwe Isivivinyo kugasela asemaqeleni Polovtsian. Kokunqoba amabutho azihlanganisa, bahlakazeka, kodwa wabuya ngasekupheleni 30-yalolucwaningo. Ekuqaleni, North-Eastern Russia wakhungatheka. Kwabe sekufika ithuba wefa kaDaniyeli. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi amaMongol babe ngokuphawulekayo poistrepali nebutho lakhe, wakwazi ukugwema enjalo ukubhujiswa omkhulu echibini Oka futhi Klyazma.

Daniel wazama ukulwa nosongo-Mongolian ngokufaka ku imifelandawonye emazweni bamaKatolika. Lapho-ke Galician Rus naseNtshonalanga Yurophu abambisana futhi adayiswa nomunye. Enethemba ukusiza, UDaniyeli waze wavuma ukwamukela isihloko lwasebukhosini olusukela uPapa, futhi 1254 waba yinkosi yeRussia.

amandla akhe ayebekelwe zilingana nezinhlobo Poland enamandla kanye neHungary. Ngesikhathi lapho iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Russia wahlupheka kusukela Crusaders, nasenyakatho-mpumalanga amaMongol, uDaniyeli wakwazi ukugcina ukuthula e impahla yabo. Washona ngo 1264, kusale ifa elikhulu enzalweni yabo.

Ukuncipha kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzimela

Izingane nabazukulu kaDaniyeli asikwazanga ukulondoloza ukuzimela kwezombusazwe avela eNtshonalanga. Galich naseVolyn umhlaba lalihlukene phakathi, kukhona Poland naseLithuania, okuyinto wathatha phezu yangaphambili principalities Russian by imishado dynastic, futhi ngaphansi kwebhaxa ukuvikelwa amaMongol. Ngo 1303 archdiocese siqu, okuyinto ngqo ongaphansi Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople ke yasungulwa ngo esifundeni.

Le mpi ne Russia phezu nomakhelwane bayo entshonalanga lapho Poland naseLithuania zihlukaniswe phakathi Galicia-naseVolyn ifa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1392. Ngokushesha, izizwe ezimbili ngemvume union bese bakha Rzeczpospolita olulodwa. Igama elithi "Western Russia" kancani kancani baba zakudala.