Marginals. Meaning of izwi. Ngubani-ke - "abahlala emaphethelweni edolobha" noma "hybrid kwamasiko"?

Ngokuvamile ungezwa abantu bakhululekile kusukela eyeqisayo evamile futhi ukuncika kakhulu, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda abekelwe emaceleni ". Okusho abaningi ajabhise, kusukela ngaphansi kwalesi umqondo ungathola abangenamakhaya, abafuduki, freelancers ezihlakaniphile, igagasi elisha oligarchs. Lawa labantu ehluke ngokuphelele, abantu abahlukahlukene. Yini kubahlanganisa? Ubani kungokwalabo esekudeni?

Man "olwandle"

Ngesizathu esithile kulaba bantu, kwezakhi nomphakathi kanye namaqembu kukhona "olwandle", ngoba kungahlali ngaphakathi umphakathi evelele okwesikhathi esithile kwezinkambiso usikompilo nenhlalo namasiko. It kuvela ukuthi umphetho akunakubangelwa yimuphi umuntu ngentando yakhe siqu noma ngokumelene nalo ugwema setups ezivamile noma wayiziba, khona abaphili isikhathi njengawo wonke umuntu, hhayi batheleka umphakathi. Okwakhe, ukungakwazi ukuxhumana, ukuqalekela ekhethekile sokuba yedwa futhi ngokushesha ukubeka okuthile hlobo of ubuntu ngemuva emaphethelweni imingcele evamile.

Cabanga yini igama elithi "abekelwe emaceleni". Ngokusho nokuchazwa izichazamazwi encyclopedic, umuntu emngceleni nomphakathi izinhlelo, amasiko amaqembu kanye uhlangabezana umthelela imithetho eziphikisanayo, izinkambiso kanye namagugu. Lahlotshaniswa nokuba lo mqondo kubhekwa isici lumpen, okuhlanganisa abameleli "phansi" emphakathini.

It kuvela, uma esinye sezici esingokwemvelo ezifana okwakhe, ukungakwazi ukuxhumana, ukuqalekela ekhethekile izikhathi zokuba sodwa, usuvele uzithola phezu emaphethelweni uhlobo imingcele ajwayelekile, usuvele onganakiwe. Ngubani-ke - "Ukuhlala eziseceleni" noma "hybrid kwamasiko"? Indlela lihlukanisa abantu nanamuhla "ngaphandle" - asemaphethelweni amazinga aphezulu futhi aphansi? Kulokhu, ubheke lokuqala ngalabo ababeshiye amakilasi aphansi futhi uhlala emazingeni aphezulu, kanti eyesibili - labo phansi noma, kunalokho,
bathola izimpendulo ezanelisayo zale yonke imibuzo ezinkulu zokuphila?

"Labo abayobe behlala eziseceleni"

Abantu abangahlali njengawo wonke umuntu, angayinaki amazinga emphakathini, kodwa abeqeli ngalé emkhakheni wezomthetho - marginals. Okusho akusho lutho okuhlaselayo, kunalokho ibhekisela lowo are okuncane. Ngokokuqala ngqá, igama elithi yathi chithi saka ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Kuye isicelo esikoleni Chicago ka umcwaningi wesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu Robert Park. It senziwa omunye Tindzaba yakhe, enesihloko esithi "kufuduka kwaBantu nemiSebenzi indoda abekelwe emaceleni" ngokumelene kwabokufika eNyakatho neMelika, ayitholakalanga isicelo ezweni elisha ayikakamukeli imithetho emisha kanye basanamathele amasiko abo.

Zonke shades of incazelo

I prehistory we ukuvela kwezindaba eside kubhekwe umqondo wegama elithi "isici Lesisemkhatsini" lisetshenziswe izifundo zokuphila amaqembu abayizifiki inhlangano ezisemadolobheni nomphakathi. Bachaza isimo ngabanye, emngceleni ekvilibriruyuschih namasiko ehlukene ngokuphelele, futhi imiphumela unsuitability kwabo umphakathi omusha. Nalaba bafuduki bokuqala, futhi christened igama sikhishwe inyumbazane. okusho ekugcineni atholwe shades entsha. vagueness yakhe eyinqaba kuye kwaba neqhaza ukudideka ekuqondeni lisho ukuthini igama elithi. Ngakho abantu wamemeza emphakathini evamile, abantu kanye isinyathelo yobuthakathaka ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "abekelwe emaceleni" ulahlekile Ozhegova izichazamazwi Brockhaus futhi Efron, le TSB? Kwezinye imithombo ungathola etymology owodwa impande igama elithi "Marginalia" - amamaki noma izihloko elivezwa umagazini ensimini, incwadi noma omunye umkhiqizo ezinyathelisiwe. Kamuva, e-"Encyclopedia namaSoviet" livela igama elithi "abekelwe emaceleni", okusho ukuthi i isikhundla Lesisemkhatsini yomuntu emphakathini ethile.

Ngo ungubani yesimanje isiRashiya, kwezakhi nomphakathi kanye namaqembu ezisebusweni "komgwaqo" angaphezu nomkhakha othile umphakathi neminyango, amasiko, ukubizwa ngokuthi onganakiwe. okusho kunalokho awuqondakali kahle, kodwa muva nje ngempela imfashini.

"Non-letindzala"

Umqondo elithi "abekelwe emaceleni" I-non-wahlulela abanye. Itholakala kwi nomngcele ophakathi "okuhle" futhi "okubi." Kakade, imuphi namuhla ibonwa njengoba awanakufundwa ohlelweni, kusasa kungenzeka faka kahle kuwo, futhi akakwazi ukungena, ahlale "ngaphandle" we senhlalo.

marginalism emihle nemibi

Igama elithi "abekelwe emaceleni" kungenziwa ihlaziye ngezindlela ezimbili: emihle nemibi. Phela, inani semvelo sawo "non-letindzala" umuntu akumvimbeli kuze kube zonke sokunethezeka umFilisti. Zingase umphelelisi kahle ke.

Olunganakwa zivame uthathwa njengomunye "Crank." passion Serious for classic umuntu kusukela phakathi kosomabhizinisi okwenza kube salezo zikhulu eziyinqaba ekhethekile, ngoba akuvamile efakwe ohlwini yezindinganiso yobuciko okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngo inkampani yakhe, yena eziyivelakancane. Futhi laba bantu abazizwa njengezihambi imvelo yabo, emlandweni eziningi. Lokhu A. D. Saharov, A. I. uSolzhenitsyn, A. Einstein, Thomas Mann nezinye ubuntu abaningi abadumile. Abaningi imibono yabo yayingakaqondakali hhayi wamukela abantu bangesikhathi sakhe, kodwa kuyancomeka esikhathini esizayo. uhlu Amagama akunakwenzeka, kodwa ubunjalo laba bantu njalo kudala izimo ezivuna ukuvela i amacala okungahlosiwe, original kanye kwamasela amakhebuli akubikwa.

Futhi kukhona abekelwe emaceleni, okuyinto ziphazamise intuthuko ngaphezulu. Ngenxa amakhono abo ongaphakeme bokusungula, abakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezivamile, kuba lula-ke ukuphika ukuthi izinkambiso osungulwe futhi kuholele yokuphila kwabantu ngokungafanele.

Ukuqonda mkhuba ungobekelwe emaceleni ngokuya uzama okumele uhunyushwe kohlaka banesimo sengqondo esingaqondile. Futhi ungakwazi philosophize bese uzama ukuthola umehluko phakathi ukubonakaliswa engavamile ubuntu ongelutho futhi umbono evamile yegama elithi "abekelwe emaceleni", okuyinto okunzima ngempela.