Methane, acetylene ezincane ezisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukusabela enenani zezimboni

Ohlwini hydrocarbon, i-methane, acetylene, zidlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene umkhakha zamakhemikhali. Ekuqaleni i-methane akazange bamele yiphi intshisekelo esisebenzayo. Wabizwa kanye marsh futhi manzi endaweni lapho uvame yendalo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwakwakhe wanika asemrarweni ngenxa izakhiwo zabo ezingokwenyama futhi amakhemikhali. methane kungekho nto enemibala emihle futhi ayinaphunga angabangela umuntu kanye indisposition okuncane, ngisho ushevu sina. Kodwa izinkinga kakhulu ngekhono layo ukuletha igesi exutshwe emoyeni ukwakha cocktail oluvuthayo amakhono amakhulu futhi elimazayo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-methane wathola izindlela eziningi zisebenzisa, ukukhiqizwa yalolu ketshezi by umkhakha ayisho lutho. Iqiniso lokuthi leli uxhumano akuyona ovamile nje kuphela ngohlobo kodwa umngane (side) imikhiqizo izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe besimanje chemical umkhakha.

Berthelot ngo-1860, kwaba ukufeza ukusabela, kamuva wathola ukubaluleka okukhulu ezimbonini. Kodwa ngalezo zinsuku, inqubo evumela afeze chemical shift methane> acetylene, akuzange wathola intshiseko kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi nesidingo sokuqinisekisa kukhona eyanele Carbide acetylene futhi indlela ukukhiqizwa yayo.

Modern chemical umkhakha uye wathola izindlela eziningi ukusebenzisa acetylene. Lokhu ahlabayo igesi, nokulisebenzisa izibani elikhanyayo zamakhemikhali, kanye lisetshenziswe womshini ezihlukahlukene amakhemikhali. Acetylene amangalelwe ukuthola ezihlukahlukene compounds obhubhisayo acetic acid, ETHYL utshwala kanye izihlanzi, injoloba kanye hydrocarbon elimnandi. Ukubonakaliswa yezimpumelelo kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwaba ukusetshenziswa acetylene ekukhiqizeni polymers.

Ithuba ukukhumbula ukuguqulwa amakhemikhali methane - acetylene. Elektrokreking futhi Thermo-oxidative kwemifantu - igama izinqubo zanamuhla kwezobuchwepheshe ukuthi umphumela kukhona acetylene kusukela methane. Endabeni wangaphambili, jet igesi i-methane sidlula electrode ngaphansi lokushisa 1600 ° C futhi ngokushesha selehlile. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa indlela yesibili yokuguqula methane - acetylene, namachibi ngokwengxenye, uthanda ukukhululwa ukushisa kusukela amandla omlilo olungaphelele acetylene.

Esikhathini uchungechunge production, i-methane, acetylene, acetaldehyde into yokugcina kweza hydration ukusabela acetylene, esagcina ngokuthi ukuphendula Kucherov. Industrial ukusebenziseka acetaldehyde atholakala ukukhiqizwa acetic acid, aldehyde polymers, inombolo butadiene izinto eziningi eziphilayo.

Kodwa izidakamizwa ngokwayo ayiphephile, acetaldehyde ngempela anobuthi ngisho nalapho isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Isilawuli emoyeni sina ukungcola, okuyinto ikhumbule at esivuthayo, isibonelo, ukubhema noma imoto emapayipini. Kumiswa omningi it is by ukwelashwa nokuvutha polymers ehlukahlukene Plastics.

Okulandelayo uchungechunge methane acetylene, benzene, chlorobenzene isiqinisekiso okwengeziwe wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo in zanamuhla izimboni chemical marsh noma firedamp. Singabantu kakade ujwayelene ukusabela ukukhipha acetylene. It uhlala kuphela ukufeza trimerization lokhu igesi, C2H2 nosidlulisayo namalahle isebenze ngesikhathi lokushisa 400 Celsius. I kwaphumela indlela zezimboni for ukukhiqizwa benzene uya ethylbenzene, cumene, nitrobenzene futhi cyclohexane. Mayelana emithathu amaphesenti ketshezi edliwe ekulungiseleleni komugqa alkyl benzenes. Eyodwa kuphela angu-benzene ukusetshenziswa kwezici chlorobenzene. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukusabela chlorination yayo. Imibandela kokusebenza kwayo lokushisa at 80-85 ° C khona yensimbi noma yensimbi chloride.