Neva: ziyamaniswa nokungangeni. nemingenela Major iNeva

Kulesi sihloko sizohlola nemingenela iNeva. Uhlu le mifula kuyaphawuleka ngempela. Neva River, okuyinto ogeleza usuka umthombo emlonyeni ngesikhathi amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa nane, amanzi alo agcwalisa imingenela ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha. On the loMfula Severn rose imizi emine. The main kanye edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa Petersburg. Ibizwa nangokuthi umuzi iNeva. Kodwa kunezindawo ezinkulu hhayi enabantu kakhulu. Kweminye yale mizi kukhona Shlisselburg, Kirovsk, Otradnoe. Kuyini iNeva ezithakazelisayo ngisho eyingqayizivele? Lona mfula kuphela okuvela echibini avaliwe - Lake Ladoga. Futhi agelezela eGulf of Finland e oLwandle iBaltic. Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane umlando wokuzalwa iNeva. Kusuka lapho siyoqala indaba yethu.

Umlando iNeva

Lomfula akazange avele kwenkathi komlando, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu - iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela edlule. Uma Lake Ladoga kwakungelona umzimba avaliwe amanzi. Izinga amanzi kuwo phansi. Amanzi aleli chibi oma emfuleni Iziqeshana. Futhi kule ndawo lapho manje igagasi roll iNeva egeleza Tosna. Kodwa kancane kancane kwebhuloho exhumanisa Lake Ladoga nge eGulf of Finland, kwaba kukufake ixhaphozi. Izinga amanzi echibini wasukuma Ugcwalise esigodini Tosna. Ngezinye iphuzu esiphezulu yimuphi Rapids Ivanovo. A Tosna futhi Iziqeshana yaphenduka nemingenela lomfula iNeva. Manje lo mfula kuyinto isinqamu ebalulekile White Sea-Baltic Canal. Neva ngokuyisisekelo uxhuma kwezilwandle enyakatho ne main emfuleni Russian - the iVolga.

etymology

Njengoba igama, kukhona ezintathu izinguqulo imvelaphi yakhe. Finns Lasendulo, owayehlala e-Lake Ladoga, Nevo wambiza-kolwandle. Kungakhathaliseki ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu, ngabe ngenxa yokuthi kwaba kanye ingxenye oLwandle iBaltic - manje kunzima ukusho. Le nguqulo yesibili kusekelwe izwi Finnish "iNeva", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ixhaphozi". Nokho, ibhuloho nge kolwandle sinyamalale ngenxa siltation. Futhi amabhange iNeva amaxhaphozi ngokwanele, nokuthi kwaba nobunzima main ekwakhiweni komuzi Petersburg. Futhi ekugcineni, inguqulo lwesithathu. Neva ungase uthole igama laso izwi Swedish "nude", okusho ukuthi "entsha". Kodwa le nguqulo kubonakala akukholisi. Phela, abaseSweden ayengayisebenzisa ukwazi umsuka Lake Ladoga kanye umfula owawuphuma e-ke. Neva, ogama nemingenela - Iziqeshana futhi Tosna - sake nemifula ezimele, kwakusekhona iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa nje edlule.

Inxanxathela inethiwekhi kwamanzi

Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia - izwe lemifudlana eziningi kanye namachibi. Eliphansi sezwe, ukuhwamuka kancane futhi linani lelifanele imvula neqhaza yokuthi kulesi sifunda kwakhiwa eningi amachibi. Uma sitadisha Ladoga pool, singaqiniseka ke amane nesishiyagalombili namakhulu amathathu namashumi emifuleni kanye ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha amachibi amawaka, anamakhulu mathathu. Umxhwele, akunjalo? Futhi lokho singabali inani elikhulu emiseleni, iziteshi creeks. Lezi amadamu kuthiwa kuhlobene inethiwekhi branched kwamanzi. Neva ngokwayo, okuyinto nemingenela imikhumbi, kuyinto zokuthutha Umthambo okukhulu. Ngezinye lwaluvelaphi, e-edolobheni Petersburg, ihlukaniswe yaba amagatsha amaningana, ukwakha iziqhingi eziningi. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kulo bayizinkulungwane Vasilevsky, Krestovsky, le Decembrists, Petrograd, Rabbit, Stone futhi Elaginsky. Ukuze zasolwandle izitsha bangahamba phakathi nezwe kanye iNeva River, North-Venice (owaziwa nangokuthi Petersburg) eyakhelwe drawbridges. Omunye wabo - Palace - iyisici esibonisa edolobheni.

Neva: kwesokunxele nemingenela

Umfula ubamba amanzi imithambo ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha. Cabanga kuqala lezo iyangena-ke kusukela ohlangothini lwesobunxele. It Tosna, Iziqeshana, Slavyanka, Izhora, Black River, ukucwila, Monastyrka, Murzinka futhi Emelyanovka. Kuyindida lezi ziyamaniswa nokungangeni phezu iNeva. Futhi abanye ngisho isikhathi eside. Ngakho, Iziqeshana ubude amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye nantathu. Ngisho engakazalwa emlonyeni wakhe iNeva kwaba Ladoga. Manje Iziqeshana kuyinto umngcele ongokwemvelo we Kirov futhi Tosno izifunda. Lo mfula ezikhangayo abathandi yamanzi ezokuvakasha. Enye owumthelela ezinkulu kwesokunxele iNeva, Tosna, has a ubude 121 ikhilomitha. On the lomfula ocebile izinhlanzi zitholakala nemizana Otradnoe futhi Nikolskoye. Izhora egameni layo kulondoloza inkumbulo yaleso sizwe uma waphila wachichima. Slavyanka ageleza kule Gatchina wesifunda. Ngezinye confluence yayo nge iNeva imele edolobheni elihle Pavlovsk. Black River (okwamanje ibizwa ngokuthi Volkovka) wabe ngqo Petersburg. confluence Its ezimbili nje amakhilomitha kusuka esizalweni somfula main.

nemingenela Major iNeva Kwesokudla

Kulesi uhlu, ngokusho ubude phambili Ohta. Ubude emfuleni ingamakhilomitha angu yikhulu. Okhta agelezela uMfula iNeva endaweni Petrozavodsk. Ngokokuqala ngqá lo mfula kuyakhulunywa Novgorod Okokuqala Chronicle, yangekhulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu weshumi nane. Kuze ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, Ohta kwaba umngcele wemvelo phakathi Petersburg Shlisselburg izifunda. Ngalesi emfuleni eside yayithathe amabhuloho nanhlanu. Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga Petersburg eMfuleni iNeva igeleza ingene khona Duck. Igama kule emfuleni eziyisithupha-ikhilomitha lesiRotuma: ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye emabhange zawo zazilotshiwe ezinye izitshalo usomabhizinisi Utkin. Okunye nemingenela abalulekile ngaphansi kukhona Dubrovka, Gluharka, Chernavka nemifudlana eshisiwe, ongenagama futhi Murinsky.

emfuleni ezikhangayo

Neva ngokwayo, nemingenela yayo nemisele kukhona olunothile kakhulu. Petersburg kakhulu ukweleta ubuhle negwadle omangalisayo yayo yashayisa unqenqema openwork amabhuloho. Izivakashi Petersburg kuyinto uhambo ngesikebhe imikhono yayo: Fontanka, Moika, buckles, Kronverkskiy Channel, Griboyedov Canal, Kryukov, ngo-pass, Sea. Ngo-Leningrad esifundeni kule emfuleni omkhulu ngokubabazekayo ethulile kumi lasendulo castle nut. Yakhiwa 1323. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili yayakhiwe Ladoga Canal, okuyinto uxhuma echibini kuya emfuleni Volkhov. Pavlovsk - idolobha elihle esigodlweni futhi epaki Ensemble - omunye ezikhangayo enkulu eduze Petersburg. Uma ukuhamba kuze uMfula iNeva, ungajabulela elalizokwakhiwa e 1832, lelo bhuloho amakholomu amahle egwadle emine chambered esangweni, elakhiwa ngo-1836.