Nezimboni nakancane eNtshonalanga kanti eRussia

Ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-19 elinesimo ukusabalala wonke imibono zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni nakancane. eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma okusha abonisa isifiso sokushintsha futhi isakhiwo esisha umphakathi. Kulesi socialism nakancane, nemibono yakhe babe imodeli engqondo kakhulu esimisweni sezenhlalo esikhathini esizayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela, ngamanye amagama, hhayi ngokusekelwe imithetho namabutho ukushayela emphakathini.

Umqondo "Utopia" lisho ukuthi "indawo non-akukho."

West-European socialism nakancane yayisekelwe imibono ongqondongqondo esikhulu ubudala 16-17 (uThomas More Campanella, Winstanley). Kumiswa sifundiso esisha kwaba ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa enganele ubudlelwane kosozimali yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. I izenzakalo ezenzeka kuleyo nkathi kubonakala ngokucacile ohlelweni ukungapheleli. Ukubhebhetheka capitalism kuyo yonke imikhakha sokucasuka ukugxeka we abamele yimikhakha ehlukehlukene yomphakathi, kuhlanganise Socialists nakancane.

Abalandeli Mora theory bakhomba ezemvelo kufushane ubudlelwane zama-Capitalist. Socialists nakancane negalelo elikhulu emnothweni, waqala cabanga ukuthuthukiswa zobudlelwano nomphakathi njengoba umlando inqubo, lapho kukhona ushintsho ngezigaba. Kulokhu, isinyathelo esisodwa lilandela elinye, ephakeme.

Ngokuvamile, i-socialism nakancane bashumayela ukuthi uhlelo i-capitalism ngeke ukwazi ukuze uvikele injabulo abantu abaningi, futhi kule ndaba, esikhundleni sakhe kufanele eze kudivayisi ezingcono.

Movement kwakheka izinhlobo ezintathu. Ngakho, e-France ezahlukeneyo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni nakancane babe Fourierism futhi Saint-Simonianism, futhi e-UK - ouenizm.

Omele ovelele ukunyakaza French kwaba-Saint-Simon (Klod Anri de Ruvrua). Wayenezinkomo imisebenzi efana "I-Catechism of the nezimboni", "Industrial System", "New ubuKristu". Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imibono Socialists nakancane kwakusekelwe ikakhulu baqondiswa ekufezeni izinkinga lwezenhlalo, wenza umnikelo obalulekile wezomnotho kwezombangazwe.

Enye sazi omkhulu, kwaba nakancane Fourier sezenhlalo (Fransua Mari Charles). Ungumnikazi umsebenzi "Umbono we isiphetho jikelele nokunyakaza ezine", "ukuthula entsha social nezezimboni" futhi "inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ubunye bomhlaba wonke."

Fourier kwaba umsekeli umbono passion. Ngokusho kwakhe, indoda - ekubeni obunobunye abangenalo propensities okubi. Nokho, uthando womuntu omuhle ngaphansi kwethonya kwezimo zomlando abe negative. Kule ndaba, aqhubeka Fourier, izimo udinga ukushintsha indlela abantu ukuthuthukisa ngokuvumelanayo.

ENgilandi, Robert Owen waba ummeleli ovelele ukunyakaza. Ezinkondlweni zakhe "Umbiko Lenark County" futhi "The Book of the New Zokuziphatha Umhlaba" sazi, capitalism aphikisanayo waba Nokho, esekelwe umnotho nezombusazwe classical uhlelo.

Ngu neminyaka engu-40 th kwekhulu le-19-ke yaqala ukusakaza socialism nakancane eRussia. Abanye emphakathini wazizwa ukuthi abasunguli kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela entsha lithuthukisa intando yeningi wamavukelambuso. Abanye okuthiwa ukunyakaza entsha "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni waseRussia". Abasunguli kanye abagqugquzeli umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi isiqondiso entsha uzwakalise ubutha ezijulile yayikhona ngenkathi oda kwezenhlalo.

Russian socialism nakancane yayisekelwe izitatimende inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ekahle kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo kuphela kumigomo izimo ezikhona kuleli dolobhana ezivamile emphakathini yasemakhaya. Kukulo muzi lapho, ngokuvumelana bameli, kwakungekho ngokwahlukana ngokusebenzisa ubunikazi nekulawulwa ubudlelwane phakathi amalungu omphakathi kwenziwa ngosizo amasiko nemikhuba, hhayi imithetho isimo.

Okhokho kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni nakancane eRussia ayehlaselwa ezifana nosaziwayo njengoba Chernyshevsky, waseHerzen, Belinsky.