"Ngubani", "yini" - lokho kwenzeka? Affixes nemibuzo yabo

Kaningi, ekwenzeni ukuhlaziya morphological kuyadingeka ukuze ucacise uma silandelwe amazwi. Case - esisodwa sezigaba nzima kakhulu ezikhona namuhla isiRashiya, kodwa kuyadingeka ukwazi, ukufunda ukuqonda izinto ezibukhuni nokwenza parses kahle.

Case ngolimi Russian

Ukuphakama kwephimbo isigaba ngokwempilo yangenyama libhekisela ratio ibizo noma isiphawulo kwamanye wemagama emshweni noma ibinzana ngalo lwakha kanye amazwi idatha. Kuleli qophelo embhalweni isiRashiya, kukhona 6 izimo kuphela: nominative, genitive, umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi, umenziwa wesenzo, wezinsimbi futhi prepositional.

Ngasekuqaleni isiRashiya kwakunokuvungama okuningi ngaphezulu amacala, okuyinto ezaqedwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye ezimbili. Echoes kulezi zinkanyezi ngolimi Russian kungabonwa kuze kube manje, amanye amagama kwamiswa ohlotsheni kunjalo yokubiza ka emabito netichasiso.

Nominative nazo zonke-konke-bonke

Igama esimweni nominative okuphikisana bonke abanye, ngoba ine isikhundla ezimele ngolimi zolimi nemisebenzi yazo, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa icala njengoba oqondile. Labo abasele abanga-6 amacala kukhona ngokungaqondile, basuke njalo kuye Ngamanye amazwi futhi kungaba ukuveza ubudlelwano ezahlukene syntactic kwamanye temagama.

Definition of amacala owenziwa ngayo. Ekuphenduleni umbuzo "Ubani? Yini? - Kunoma ikuphi ", ungakwazi ngokushesha ukuthi lokhu kunjalo genitive, ngoba unesibopho lezi zinkinga. Ngayine inezidingo zayo nezindaba zalo ngokwempilo yangenyama kulula ukuyisebenzisa ukuze uthole ukuthi isikhundla izwi embuzweni.

Njengoba esashiwo affixes?

Thola icala kungaba ku hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kwi eziyimpumelelo. Ezinye affixes cishe fixed eziyimpumelelo encike uhlobo, inombolo bese isiZulu (amabizo). Ngakho-ke, amagama isifazane, ayiveli icala nominative 1 ka Nokwehla kuyoba efanele ekugcineni "omunye waba", "Mina".

Uma uhlangabezana homonymy, ungazama ukunquma icala ngendlela syntactic (nge okuxoxiswene nezandiso noma oda wemagama emshweni). ezinye izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe, isibonelo, ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa indlela esikhundleni, uma ukufaka endaweni ibizo elithi "impungushe" esikhundleni izwi ekhona noma "Masha". Ukuze ubone ukuthi izinhlupho zikhuthazwa ukuba nazo zisebenzisa kokubili kwenzeka udaba.

Affixes nemibuzo yabo

Esimweni ngasinye has izinkinga ezithile. izimpendulo nominative umbuzo "ngubani? Yini ", Icala genitive -"? Ngubani? lokho ", umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi -" kubani? Yini "umenziwa wesenzo -" Ubani? ? Ukuthi "wezinsimbi -" ngubani? kuka "prepositional -?" mayelana? lokho? ". Ungasebenzisa le mibuzo ukucacisa emabito netichasiso lwamacala.

Ezinye affixes futhi babe pretexts ezengeziwe ngawo ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi indawo kuthatha izwi emshweni, nokuthi kufanele adiliza. Ukuze ubone ukuthi izinhlupho kungenzeka ngaphambi ngokuchaza amazwi kushintshwe izakhiwo lolwengetiwe, kwenta sibonelo, ngokuba genitive - "cha" (? Akekho yini), Ngoba umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi - "ukunikeza", umenziwa wesenzo - "ukusola" wezinsimbi - "ukudala", prepositional - " ngithi. "

Amafomu amacala isiRashiya

Okwakushiwo lucebe ye amacala is ihlanganiswe ngesisekelo indima abayidlalayo emshweni. Uma kwenzeka ifomu angaba khona kuphela ngegama elilodwa, kubizwa prislovnoy. Uma ifomu icala libhekisela ngokushesha isiphakamiso, ubizwa ngokuthi determinant.

ifomu determinant ngokuvamile ekuqaleni komusho, it is hhayi kufakwe umusho, bese usetha ithoni wonke umusho. Umbuzo kufanele usethe ngesisekelo zonke noma izitatimende, noma wonke umusho ngesikhathi esisodwa. Yibone ukunikela lula ngokwanele, lokhu ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga noma zesikole noma abafundi.

nezincazelo Jikelele lucebe ye amacala

Izindinganiso amacala kungaba yangasese noma wabelane, futhi Ukukhetha kwabo izipesheli kudlala indima enkulu e-syntax, ngosizo yayo kungenzeka esikhathini esizayo ukuze sihlaziye iziphakamiso ezikhona futhi ukunquma isakhiwo lwabo lwetakhi telulwimi. Ekuphenduleni umbuzo "Ubani? Yini? - Kunoma yikuphi, "kubalulekile ukukhumbula amanani amabili kungenzeka.

Inani into icala kusho ukuthi, njengoba into libhekisela esenzweni ukuthi sibhekiswe kuye. Lapho ukubaluleka isinyathelo icala subektnosti eyenziwa isihloko, azwakalisa lo maqondana nalokho. Inani attributive ingase iveze ubudlelwano phakathi izingcezu eziningana. Nge amagugu tandziso akakwazi ukunquma isimo isihloko ngombono ubudlelwane isici tandziso. Ngaphandle kwalesi sigaba kuyinto ulwazi ligcwale value ukuthi singadinga amagama amabili e inhlanganisela icala amafomu efanayo.

Amanani eliyimfihlo amacala: nominative

Ngaphandle amagugu eziyisisekelo ungaba affixes futhi iyimfihlo, okungase ukucacisa ulwazi kuphela sibe sinezinto eliphezulu ezingeni lesikole. Abafundi basesikoleni bacelwa ukuba sithole icala kuphela ngokunembile wonke umqondo walo jikelele, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa ke kukhona amaphutha ezingeke ukuvumela ngisho uthisha, eside ukhohliwe izinhlelo esikoleni esiphakeme.

Nominative akwazi abe emaphakathi, inhloso, a isilandiso, appositive, attributive, ulwazi-igcwalisa nokubaluleka tandziso. Kukhona inkulumo ka nominative lapha, izwi ukuthi kuleli cala, tekwakha ngesihloko for ukuqhubeka okwengeziwe kwendaba.

Amanani Private amacala etshekile: genitive

Ukuzwa umbuzo othi, "Ngubani? Yini? - Kunoma yikuphi, "akungabazeki ukuthi lena genitive ?. Linikeza umqondo genitive ihlukaniswe priglagolnoe priimennoe kanye engasho lutho kulokhu kucacile ngokwanele, isici sokuqala lihambisana igama R. n, kanti eyesibili -. Nge sento.

priimenny Genitive inenani ethile, noma isimo sengqondo, kwalo lonke, ukuhlolwa izinga, isici abezindaba into. Kukhona isimo obengeziwe esihlokweni noma ukubaluleka isenzo, futhi ukutholakala ulwazi ligcwale namagugu uhlobo partitive.

priglagolny Genitive futhi esewuphendula "ngubani? lokho? ", icala ukuthola akukho izinkinga. It has a ngqo into Inani ireferensi into noma okungekuhle, kanye okulindele value (nesenzo ezifanele: isicelo ufisa kangakanani ukuba bafune, njll ...).

Amanani Private amacala etshekile: umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi

priglagolnymi umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi futhi priimennymi has amagugu ethile. Esimweni sokuqala kuba ukubaluleka into ngaphandle ukuthi wathumela isenzo eshiwo isenzo. Futhi umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi priglagolny ungase ube ukubaluleka luhlangotsi e imisho engenabuntu, lapho ebiza umuntu uhlangabezana nesimo noma izimbangela.

priimenny umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa ngolimi lwanamuhla Russian futhi, eqinisweni, ephinda incazelo lucebe ye isiphawulo umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi. Kwezinye izimo, ikwazi ukuba ukubaluleka attributive kokuba touch yendawo: aphe izinhlanzi.

Amanani Private amacala etshekile: umenziwa wesenzo

priimenny umenziwa wesenzo e yolimi lwanamuhla Russian cishe ingekho, ngakho ngokuyinhloko esetshenziswa priglagolny okusho ukuthi isisho into eduze tento umenziwa, noma ukubaluleka izinyathelo space kanye nesikhathi.

Amanani Private amacala etshekile: ablative

Instrumental ngokuvamile sinenai priglagolnym isinyathelo izibhamu, kuncike, okuqukethwe, kanye nenani tandziso. Basuke bonke ngandlela-thile ukuphakamisa isenzo. Ulwazi futhi sigcwalisa-ablative-yekwenta ukubaluleka ngokwanele eduze komunye nomunye futhi wasebenzisa nesenzo "luwela umsindo," njll priimenny Instrumental - .. Kuyivelakancane ngolimi, ngokuvamile iphindwa ukubaluleka priglagolnye.

Amanani Private amacala etshekile: prepositional

Prepositional ngokuyisisekelo has into priglagolnymi kanye namagugu tandziso okuhlotshaniswa noma isimo, emizweni, imicabango noma inkulumo nezindawo eceleni lapho isenzo kuzokwenzeka.

priimenny Prepositional kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa futhi has ezifanayo priglagolnomu value. It is avame ukusetshenziswa lapho into attribute amagugu, ikhwalithi, izakhiwo futhi uhlamvu determinative.

isiphetho

Affixes nemibuzo yabo kungakusiza ukunquma hhayi kuphela ngesimo amazwi, kodwa futhi isikhundla salo ngaphakathi umusho, okuyinto linendima ebalulekile ekufezeni ukuhlaziywa morphological kanye syntactic. Uma kudingeka ukuba uthintane izincwadi inkomba uhlamvu okuyinto yenza kuyo nokufa kuzomele sifake igama elithile.