Ukuphathwa Project - Iyini? Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi

ukuphathwa Project - liyisici esibalulekile of a yesimanje ukuphathwa uhlelo eRussia. Izinkampani eziningi ezifuywayo angaphandle, isebenzisa nokwenganye ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi imikhiqizo kanye namasevisi ukuthi sinciphise izindleko, ukwanda inzuzo. Kuyini nokuphathwa project futhi yiziphi zako ezisemqoka?

Uyini phrojekthi?

Umqondo "project" lingahunyushwa ngalezi zindlela ngezindlela ezehlukene kakhulu. Inketho kuqala kuhilela definition yephrojekthi njengoba iqoqo imibhalo, owawuthi ukwakhiwa okungenzeka ibhilidi noma isakhiwo. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa mayelana nencazelo yegama elithi "project" yesibili.

Incazelo yephrojekthi kakhulu, nakuba bonke bayavumelana into eyodwa: iphrojekthi - umbono, okusho ukuqaliswa Izinjongo ethize yezimali kungakapheli isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Kulokhu, shayela izici eziyinhloko iphrojekthi:

• Ubunjalo (project - yilokhu Waqale wadala).
• umkhawulo wesikhathi (iphrojekthi anginike isikhathi nokuqaliswa kwalo njalo).
• Gxila (okusalungiswa njalo kwenziwe emisebenzi ethile, uzwakalise, njengoba umthetho, kule ambalwa nesilinganiso iyunithi).

Uma zonke izimo ezintathu, izenzo eziyinkimbinkimbi kungenzeka idluliselwe iphrojekthi.

amaphothifoliyo Yohlelo iphrojekthi

Amaprojekthi ngokuvamile zenziwe izinhlelo kanye izikhundla. Uhlelo libizwa isethi kumaprojekthi ukwabelana ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yefundo ingase ihlanganise amaphrojekthi ukukhulisa amaholo othisha ngo-20%, ukwakhiwa izikole ezintsha 15, ukukhululwa kwezincwadi zokufunda 26 entsha emongweni izifundo.

Umgodlagodla ehlanganisa amaprojekthi ewasiza ngemali emthonjeni owodwa, kungakhathaliseki imisebenzi yabo. Ngakho, kuphothifoliyo N ingase ihlanganise amaphrojekthi inkongozelo, ukuze kwakhiwe ihhovisi elisha yenkampani, ukugubha iminyaka engu-wabaqondisi futhi ukwandisa imali yonyaka ngo-10%.

Amaphothifoliyo amaphrojekthi kanye nezinhlelo kumelwe futhi ifa izici ngenhla echazwe ezintathu zezinhlayiya eziyisisekelo.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo nokwenganye

Uma sicabangela lokhu ubuchwepheshe emakethe ngokushesha socwaningo, ukwenza lula inqubo nokuphathwa, kunzima ukuqamba izindlela eziqondile, echaza ngokuphelele project management.

Project Management kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene izindlela namathuluzi kanye isekelwe yile migomo elandelayo:

• Gxila Imiphumela. Lesi simiso kuchazwe ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba "project" eside. ukuphathwa Project - akuyona iqoqo nje ukuphathwa izinga useyakwazi imisebenzi kuhlobene.
• Umgomo we "iphrojekthi unxantathu". Lapho ukuphathwa yephrojekthi kufanele aqondiswe nawubuka: isikhathi, isabelomali, izinga lo msebenzi. Ukushintsha yezimbangela okuholela ushintsho abanye, abenze uthanda amaqembu calantsatfu.
• Izimali ukuphila iphrojekthi umjikelezo. Project umjikelezo wokuphila iqala ukwakheka umqondo yokudala iphrojekthi futhi iphela ngesikhathi kokuphela isikhathi kuphrojekthi. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo phrojekthi kuvame ekuqaleni umjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo, wadala ngenxa iphrojekthi.
• Indlelanchubo lechubekako lelandzelwa ukuphathwa. Lomgomo kuhilela kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda iphrojekthi njengoba iqoqo izinqubo, oxhumene futhi subtotals ophela ngesimo imikhiqizo Semi-siphelile noma izincwadi ezibalulekile. Le ndlela ivumela ukulawula yephrojekthi ngaphandle okubizwa ngokuthi "izindawo ezingabonakali ezibukweni."

Incentives wabahlanganyeli iphrojekthi

Khuthaza project abahlanganyeli Livamise ukunakekelwa okukhethekile lapho nokwenganye akhethiwe emisebenzi ethile. Ukuphathwa komsebenzi okhishiwe ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izindlela ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki ugqozi.

Ukuze nendlela yokukhuthaza zezimali zihlanganisa amabhonasi, izinhlawulo, zimali eziseceleni ezikhokhiswayo nokugcwaliseka ekuseni bamatshe Lesisemkhatsini.

amasu ugqozi angaphatheki zihlanganisa izincwadi kwezigwegwe futhi izipho isikhathi sokungabi khona emsebenzini, kanye ukuthunyelwa umncintiswano phakathi abayingxenye yephrojekthi njengengxenye Umncintiswano.

ukuphathwa project izigaba Eziyisisekelo

ukuphathwa Project senzeka ezitebhisini iphrojekthi umjikeleto wemphilo izigaba nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukuphathwa. Interconnection izigaba futhi izigaba inikezwe ethebuleni elingezansi.

Ngakho, emkhakheni wokuphathwa phrojekthi ihlanganisa zezimali, womuntu, sphere kwesakhiwo kwenhlangano.

Ukusetshenziswa nokuphathwa project

Ukuphathwa komsebenzi okhishiwe isakhiwo kufaka partitioning yonke imisebenzi yenhlangano yamaphrojekthi kanye nemigomo yisikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bakha iqembu umbhidlango ngamunye kanye nethimba labaphathi iphrojekthi, ababike inhloko ukuqaliswa kwe-project.

Ngokuqondene nalokhu nokwenganye livame ezinhlanganweni zimboni nosayizi, nge ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa kwenziwe ama-oda. Nokho, ibhizinisi elincane osebenza nokwenganye emisebenzi ethile ku sesimanje ukukhiqizwa noma, isibonelo, ukwethulwa umkhiqizo omusha.

Ukuphathwa komsebenzi okhishiwe embonini yezokwakha

Imboni yezokwakha kuyinto isicelo esibaluleke ngokukhethekile nendlela ye nokuphathwa project. Izinkampani wahlanganyela ikhasimende noma usonkontileka imisebenzi, ukuphathwa project isebenzisa division engokwemvelo umsebenzi amaphrojekthi (umkhiqizo isimiso, okungukuthi, ukwakhiwa, isakhiwo ngasinye - iphrojekthi ehlukile), kanye phezulu isakhiwo ukuphathwa kudinga cishe akukho umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo sina.

ukuphathwa project yenhlangano futhi ivame eyenziwa ngaphansi isimiso iphrojekthi, ngempumelelo besebenzisa amaqembu zakhekile abaklami njengoba iqembu project.

ukuphathwa okhishiwe kuHulumeni

ukuphathwa okhishiwe kuHulumeni - umkhuba kuqhathaniswa entsha ye namuhla. Uhlelo-target indlela ukuphathwa, ophuma nenkathi yamaSoviet, manje atholwe ngesimo nokwenganye ezweni lonke. Manje ukubhekana umsebenzi lwamasu isimo wasebenzisa uhlelo, kufaka ekhatsi imiklamo umuntu Okuqondiwe nezikhathi zokukhokha. Nokho, ukuphathwa kakhulu indlela isimiso esinjalo ikude ephelele futhi kudinga sesimanje kanye nokuvuselelwa kwazo.

Experience ukuqaliswa project management ku Sifundazwe esifundeni

nokubusa Project okuye kungase kutholakale emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, e-Russia, ke nakho isicelo lobu buchwepheshe ku Sifundazwe esifundeni.

Lokhu experiment emikhulu iye yabathinta cishe zonke izici umphakathi ku Sifundazwe esifundeni. Phakathi kwezakhi main - We Educationa ukuphathwa project, ukwesekwa lwenhlangano methodological, ukuhlolwa ensimini, ugqozi, ukuhlolwa kwekhono abasebenzi, uchwepheshe amakomiti ukubuyekeza imiklamo.

ukuphathwa Wephrojekthi Sifundazwe sifunda manje kuhlanganisa emizimbeni lilonke ukuphathwa project:

• Kweminyango Commission lucwaningo imisebenzi nokwenganye.
• Isazi umkhakha ikhomishana esenqumile kuvulwa / lokuvala amaphrojekthi.
• Regional Project Office, uqaphe ukuhambisana nendlela ye nokuphathwa project.

Umgomo we "ifasitela elilodwa"

Kuyinto kohlaka inguqulelo kuphrojekthi ukuphathwa Sifundazwe esifundeni emuva ngo-2010 saya ukuvunywa amaphrojekthi utshalomali ngokusebenzisa "ifasitela elilodwa" uhlelo, owaziwa manje eMoscow. Iqhaza ewindini nje enze omunye amasevisi omusha osanda kwethulwa - Ihhovisi iphrojekthi yesiFunda. Manje, ncamashi inyanga eyodwa kusukela ngosuku ukwelashwa kuphrojekthi ehhovisi ibhizinisi uthola idokhumenti ku ukubambisana.

Automated Information System "Project Management"

Imininingwane nokusekelwa lobuchwepheshe ukuphathwa kwiphrojekthi Sifundazwe esifundeni Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo ulwazi okuzenzakalelayo (AIS) "Project Management". Lokhu web-isicelo ukuthi akudingi ukufakwa software olwengeziwe futhi yenza imisebenzi elandelayo yamaphrojekthi, izinhlelo kanye izikhundla:

• Ukugcina ebhukwini (egciniwe).
• Ukuhlela.
• Ukubhajetha.
• Ukuqapha ukuqaliswa amazinga lesifunda kanye kamasipala.
• Ukusatshalaliswa amandla futhi umyalo umthwalo.
• Shintsha okuqukethwe.
• isixwayiso system for oluzayo izenzakalo futhi okwenzeka kwi amaphrojekthi.
• Wezinhlelo.
• Okuzenzakalelayo yokubika kohlaziyo.
• Ukuhlanganisa ama-e-Government of the Sifundazwe esifundeni.

Emihle nemibi nokwenganye

Kuchazwe isipiliyoni ukuqaliswa project management ku Sifundazwe esifundeni kuphumelele. Umthelela walezi zinguquko wavezwa ngokuyinhloko ukwanda nezinga lokukhula komkhiqizo okwedlulele yesifunda ngo 0.1% (ngaphezu kuka-3 bln. Ruble), ukunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa ukudidiyelwa lwemisebenzi (by 2 izinyanga iphrojekthi ngayinye) futhi ijubane okwandisa yentuthuko tekusisa esifundeni by 23 %. Nokho, umphumela ezibaluleke kakhulu - Ukwakheka kwezitho ukucabanga design abasebenzi abakhuthalele ezama ukuhlaziya nokuxazulula inkinga, ngezinye izikhathi ababezibheka, izindlela ezintsha.

Isisusa kanye kabusha isakhiwo ukuphathwa ayithelanga nomphumela omuhle hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa umphakathi, kodwa futhi ibhizinisi, udala evumayo utshalomali sezulu nokususa izithiyo kwezamabhizinisi.

Inani labantu ndawo manje bahileleke ukukhethwa kanye nokuqapha ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ebalulekile amasu. Ukuphathwa abantu project - yikhono ukusebenzisa high ukuhamba okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Nokho, naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo isakhiwo project management, zikhona nemiphumela ethile engathandeki bona ngekwabo kubalulekile kulendlela.

Kwasekuqaleni, inkathi zesikhashana. Kuthatha isikhathi ukulayisha kanye neqembu elalenza lo msebenzi ukwenza umsebenzi walo njengento esetshenziswayo yenziwe ivumelane.

Okwesibili, ukwethulwa ukuphathwa kwiphrojekthi ibhizinisi, ukuthola umphathi ezinhle iphrojekthi zingase zephuze. Ukuze izimfanelo yemisindvo yomphathi womsebenzi izidingo eliphezulu kakhulu: ubuchwepheshe olunzulu, a ukucwiliswa umnyuziki ekuklanyweni, ukuphathwa project isipiliyoni ngokucacile edingekayo.

A ethile wesithathu nokwenganye kubhekwe njengento isidingo ukuhlukanisa izinsiza inkampani phakathi amaphrojekthi. In the izinkampani "ampofu" kungaba ngokujwayelekile lizoba unrealizable. abaphathi Project kufanele "ukulwa" zoxhaso futhi udondolo akuvunyelwe ngaphansi kokulawula ingqikithi zonke izigaba umjikelezo wokuphila phrojekthi.

Omunye amaphutha ezibaluleke kakhulu endleleni inhlangano ukuphathwa phrojekthi ukuqashwa amalungu eqembu lomsebenzi kanye umholi walolu hlelo ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo. Ilayisha abasebenzi, njengoba wazi, umthetho ebaluleke kakhulu yebhizinisi yimpumelelo, futhi esimweni umsebenzi project babe njalo "ensimbi alenga emoyeni," iqembu lochwepheshe, okuyinto kanyekanye ophucwa umthwalo njalo.

Kafushane nje, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi project management - iyingxenye isikhala ibhizinisi lesimanje, kanti ukutadisha izisekelo zayo kubalulekile ukuphathwa abanekhono ekuthathweni at kokubili uhulumeni ngaphakathi amabhizinisi ngabanye.