Oxides Amphoteric. izakhiwo Chemical, inqubo wokulungiselela

oxides Amphoteric (kokuba izakhiwo ezimbili) - e kakhulu oxides amacala metal ezithinta electronegativity ongaphakeme. Kuye izimo zangaphandle abonise iyiphi oxide esidi noma izakhiwo. Lezi oxides akhiwa inguqulelo izinsimbi, okuyinto ngokuvamile abonise okulandelayo namachibi uthi: ll, lll, LV.

Izibonelo oxides amphoteric: zinc oxide (ZnO), i-chromium oxide lll (Cr2O3), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), i-nitrous ll ithini (SnO), ithini oxide lv (SnO2), phambili oxide ll (PBO), phambili oxide lv (PbO2) , titanium oxide lv (TiO2), manganese oxide lv (MnO2), insimbi oxide lll (Fe2O3), beryllium oxide (BeO).

Ukusabela ejwayelekile ka oxides amphoteric:

1. Lezi oxides bangase basabele nge acid eqinile. Kuleli fomu usawoti yalezi acid efanayo. Ukusabela yalolu hlobo ibonakalisa property uhlobo eziyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo: ZnO (zinc oxide) + H2SO4 (hydrochloric acid) → ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate) + H2O (amanzi).

2. ukuphendula eqinile alkalis oxides amphoteric, hydroxides abonise izakhiwo ene-asidi. Kulesi webumbacambili izakhiwo (ngamanye amazwi, amphoteric) kubonakala ekwakhekeni nosawoti ezimbili.

Ngo ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga ukusabela ne usawoti alikhali Kumiswa isilinganiso evamile, isibonelo:
ZnO (zinc oxide) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) → Na2ZnO2 (evamile kusho usawoti) + H2O (amanzi).
Al2O3 (alumina) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = 2NaAlO2 + H2O (amanzi).
2Al (OH) 3 (aluminium hydroxide) + 3SO3 (sulphur oxide) = Al2 (SO4) 3 (aluminium sulfate) + 3H2O (amanzi).

Isixazululo oxides amphoteric ukusabela nge alikhali ukwakha usawoti eziyinkimbinkimbi, isibonelo: Al2O3 (alumina) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) + 3H2O (amanzi) + 2Na (Al (OH) 4) (a usawoti eziyinkimbinkimbi sodium tetragidroksoalyuminat).

3. ngamunye kunoma iyiphi i-nitrous metal amphoteric linenani ukubambisana. Ngokwesibonelo ukuba ukhethe (Zn) - 4, aluminium (Al) - 4 noma 6, i-chromium (Kr) - 4 (ezingavamile) noma 6.

4. Amphoteric oxide akasabeli ngamanzi akusho chaza kuwo.

Yini ukusabela ukufakazela metal amphoteric?

ukukhuluma kuqhathaniswa, i-elementi amphoteric angase abonise property kokubili izinsimbi kanye nonmetals. Okunjalo sici nobuntu elikhona izakhi A amaqembu: Yiba (beryllium), Ga (gallium), Gen (germanium), Sn (tin), PB, SB (antimony), Bi (bismuth), kanye nabanye, kanye eziningi izakhi B -groups - a Kr (chromium), MN (manganese), Fe (yensimbi), Zn (zinc), Cd (cadmium), kanye nabanye.

Thina manje ukufakazela okulandelayo zamakhemikhali amphoteric chemical isici zinc (Zn):

1. Zn (OH) 2 (zinc hydroxide) + N2O5 (dinitrogen pentoxide) = Zn (NO3) 2 (zinc nitrate) + H2O (amanzi).
ZnO (zinc oxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Zn (NO3) 2 (zinc nitrate) + H2O (amanzi).

b) Zn (OH) 2 (zinc hydroxide) + Na2O (i-sodium oxide) = Na2ZnO2 (i-sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (amanzi).
ZnO (zinc oxide) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = Na2ZnO2 (i-sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (amanzi).

Kuleso simo, uma isici ne izakhiwo ombaxambili enkompolo ine namachibi elandelayo, ezimbili (amphoteric) izakhiwo zalo kakhulu kubonakale Kuyokwenzeka namachibi isinyathelo Lesisemkhatsini.

Njengoba isibonelo kungenziwa Chrome (Kr). Lo msuka ine namachibi uthi ezilandelayo: 3+, 2+ 6+. Endabeni izakhiwo ezintathu eziyisisekelo futhi esidi kuvetwa cishe ngokulinganayo, kuyilapho izindawo y Kr +2 eziyisisekelo anqobe, futhi Kr +6 - acid. Nazi ukusabela ezifakazela lesi sitatimende:

Kr + 2 → CrO (chromium oxide +2), Kr (OH) 2 → CrSO4;
Kr + 3 → Cr2O3 (chromium oxide +3), Kr (OH) 3 (chromium hydroxide) → KCrO2 noma chromium sulphate Cr2 (SO4) 3;
Kr + 6 → CrO3 (chromium oxide +6), H2CrO4 → K2CrO4.

Ezimweni eziningi oxides amphoteric izakhi zamakhemikhali isimo namachibi +3 khona ifomu meta. Njengoba isibonelo kungenziwa ekhonjiwe: Aluminium hydroxide oxide (chemical ifomula Alo (OH) nensimbi metahydroxide (chemical Feo (OH) ifomula) ...

kanjani oxides amphoteric?

1. Indlela elula kakhulu ukulungiselela yabo kwezulu kusukela isixazululo aqueous usebenzisa ammonium hydroxide, okungukuthi isisekelo ababuthakathaka. Ngokwesibonelo:
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminium nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (aqueous isixazululo ammonia hydrate) = Al (OH) 3 (oxide amphoteric) + 3NH4NO3 (ukuphendula wenziwa ngaphansi ukushisa degrees amabili).
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminium nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (aqueous ammonium hydroxide) = Alo (OH) (i-nitrous amphoteric) + 3NH4NO3 + H2O (ukuphendula eyenziwa ngaso 80 ° C)

Ekusabeleni exchange yalolu hlobo esimweni ngokweqile alikhali aluminium hydroxide ngeke kwenze. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-aluminiyamu ludlulele ngaphakathi lo anion ngenxa impahla yayo ezimbili: Al (OH) 3 (aluminium hydroxide) + OH- (alikhali ngokweqile) = [Al (OH) 4] - (aluminium hydroxide anion).

Izibonelo le ndlela yokusabela:
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminium nitrate) + 4NaOH (ngokweqile sodium hydroxide) = 3NaNO3 + Na (Al (OH) 4).
ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate) + 4NaOH (ngokweqile sodium hydroxide) = Na2SO4 + Na2 (Zn (OH) 4).

Zikasawoti okuyinto akhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi. Bahlanganisa anions eziyinkimbinkimbi: (Al (OH) 4) - nomunye (Zn (OH) 4) 2-. Ngakho ngashayela ucingo usawoti: Na (Al (OH) 4) - i-sodium tetragidroksoalyuminat, Na2 (Zn (OH) 4) - i-sodium tetragidroksotsinkat. imikhiqizo Reaction aluminiyamu noma ukhethe oxides ne alikhali okuqinile abizwa ngokuthi ehlukile: NaAlO2 - sodium dioksoalyuminat futhi Na2ZnO2 - sodium dioksotsinkat.