Ukugeleza Pyroclastic. ukuqhuma

Emashumini eminyaka amuva, bayanda endabeni enkulu nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo. Inikeza ukudla ukukhuluma ngalokho kuyeza enhlekeleleni yembulunga yonke, okuyoholela, uma kungekhona ukuthi ukushabalala Imininingwane wakho konke ukuphila, khona-ke, noma kunjalo, ukuncipha okukhulu kwemiphakathi.

Vulcan

kumiswa Volcanic ukuqhekeka noma iziteshi uqweqwe le planethi, lapho kusuka ekujuleni komhlaba ziqhuma lava, amagesi nasemifantwini yamadwala, yaqanjwa unkulunkulu umlilo lasendulo. Ngokuvamile, le ntaba-mlilo - entabeni ezakhiwe imikhiqizo nokuqhuma.

izinhlobo hlobo lwezintaba-mlilo

Kukhona ngokwahlukana lala mafu phezu yokuqothulwa, ithule noma asebenzayo. Eyokuqala - ukubhujiswa, anyakaza, akusho ukuzibonakalisa akanayo imisebenzi. Elele ngokuthi izintabamlilo iqhuma iyiphi idatha ayatholakala, kodwa isimo sabo iyagcinwa, esizalweni concussions zabo zenzeke. Action - nalezo ziqhuma noma esikhathini samanje noma umsebenzi kwazo kuvela umlando, noma ulwazi akatholakali, kepha amagesi intabamlilo futhi ukukhishwa amanzi eyaziwa.

Kuye ngokuthi uhlobo olunjani isiteshi phezu iqhume, bangase waphuka noma enkabeni yedolobha.

Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo

Izintaba-mlilo ziqhume kukhona eside futhi esifushane. Ukuze eside yilezo zenzeke eminyakeni eminingana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho namakhulu eminyaka. Short - lezo amahora ambalwa nje. Elikhulu mlilo, eyaziwa kithi kusuka emlandweni, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa enamandla kakhulu amandla okubhubhisa.

Kuzalwa is shaking ngaphakathi intabamlilo, imisindo engavamile ukhiphe rock mlilo. Ekuqaleni inqubo kuyabanda ke esikhundleni izingcezu amhlophe-hot futhi udaka olushisayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, amagesi cezu ahlukahlukene ephakanyiswe ukuphakama 5 amakhilomitha. ukuqhuma Laziwa futhi enobudlova kakhulu, isibonelo, ongenagama waphonsa izingcezu idwala ukuze ukuphakama mayelana 45 amakhilomitha.

kwekhabhoni

kwekhabhoni Volcanic kukhona at amabanga sihluke umthombo - amashumi ezinkulungwane amakhilomitha. Kuye ekuqineni ukuqhuma kanye nenani doti zanqwabelana amanani izidakamizwa ongafinyelela amashumi cubic amakhilomitha. Ngezinye izikhathi umlotha wentaba-mlilo kangangokuba ngisho ngesikhathi sasemini kufika ubumnyama njengomuzi ongangeneki.

Ngaphambi kokufika lava, kodwa ngemva kuqhuma ibhomu kakhulu ngemva, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona udonga umlotha, igesi kanye amatshe emangalisayo esinamandla. Lokhu kuhamba pyroclastic. lokushisa yayo ingaphakathi zokhahlamba kusuka degrees 100 kuya ku-800. Izinga kungaba 100 km / h futhi 700.

Ngokusho yakamuva Ngokwe abacwaningi, ngesikhathi kuqhuma mlilo iVesuvius kuba ukugeleza pyroclastic waba nesandla ekufeni ka iningi labantu. Ngaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izakhamuzi yasePompeii wafa kusukela ukufuthelana, kodwa idatha ye-X ray izifundo izinsalela ezitholakele ukupenda isithombe esehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphila kwabakhileyo naseHerculaneum Stabiae wathatha ukugeleza pyroclastic, izinga lokushisa kwakusondela degrees 800. Bobabili amadolobha aye seziphelile ebusweni bomhlaba umzuzu, izakhamuzi zakhona bashone khona. Ngaphambi Pompei ithole efanayo kuphela wesine pyroclastic ukugeleza, izinga lokushisa kwawo kwakuyizingalo "kuphela" mayelana 200 degrees. Lokhu ukuzethemba kusekelwe isimo izinsalela: abakhileyo nemizana zasha izinhlaka zamathambo, imizimba Pompeians bacishe yayinjalo ngaphambi kokuba embozwe umlotha lava enezikhukhula.

Intaba-mlilo pyroclastic ukugeleza akuyona kuphela yakwazi ukukwamukela ukuthi ihlukene izwe, Onqobayo kalula futhi izithiyo amanzi. izinto ezinamandla isisindo salo, kuthiwa imali in the ketshezi, kodwa igesi yanda nge uhamba amandla phambili, nakuba ilahlekelwa amandla futhi selehlile. Ukudlulisa amanzi pyroclastic ukugeleza uyakwazi ukunqoba kolwandle.

Izintaba-mlilo ziqhume besikhathi sethu

Kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, umhlaba uzamazama eziningana ezinkulu, eyasebenza njengodonga isizathu ekushintsheni izimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke. Ngisho zinyanga ezimbalwa emashumini ngiyikhiphile kancane kuka lezimanga ezingemnandi. Kusukela nokuqhuma owabulala amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu, abhubhisa umuzi amahektha evundile azizifanelekeli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva esinamandla kakhulu nokuqhuma sezulu kuwo wonke amazwekazi Ungashintsha. umlotha izinhlayiya ahlale emkhathini, ukukhanya kwelanga. Isikhathi sokugcina izinga lokushisa nonyaka kulandela ukuqhuma laliphansi elivamile 3 degrees emhlabeni.

Lokhu kuqhuma enamandla kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20 kwenzeka ngo-1911 e-Philippines. Killed abacela enkulungwaneni nengxenye abantu, idwala wentaba-mlilo balala ezingaphezu kuka-2 million amakhilomitha square komhlaba. Okwamanje, le ntaba-mlilo ivuke ubhekwa ayingozi kakhulu.

inhlekelele

Ososayensi abaningi bayayithanda ukukholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze singalindela okungaphezulu kakhulu ezimbi. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, ochwepheshe zihlola IYellowstone. Ababona nesithakazelo kuleli paki, okuyinto ezithakazelisayo izivakashi ukuvakashela, futhi le ntaba-mlilo, okuyinto oluthatha cishe wonke endaweni yayo. Ubukhulu bayo imayelana 70 amakhilomitha, okuyinto Amazing izinhlangano ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo akuyona Magma 100 km ebusweni, futhi km 8-16 kuphela.

Ngokusho ososayensi, ekuqhumeni IYellowstone uzobhubhisa hhayi kuphela Melika, kodwa iningi, uma kungewona wonke, zokuphila emhlabeni. notshwala Pyroclastic kudilizwe zonke at ibanga engaphezu kwekhulu ukusuka emthonjeni, umthidari utawufaka kakhulu wase-United States, ngqo ukuqhuma Canada kakhulu ahlupheke.

Umhlaba wazamazama ngamandla izikhathi kubangele i-tsunami enkulu elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. La magagasi asabekayo ongafinyelela ngisho kuze kube ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi zwekazi. Megatons izinto adedelwa emkhathini, ngeke sivumele kwelanga ukufinyelela surface iplanethi sika, okubangela Ukupholisa nobusika zenuzi. Ngokwalokho okubikezelwa ezihlukahlukene, izothatha iminyaka engu-3 kuya ku-5. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi-ke kuyodingeka nesikhathi sokufa iningi izitshalo, izilwane kanye nabantu.

Kukholakala ukuthi kuphela ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe uyakulahlekelwa yikho ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abasemhlabeni wonke. Futhi awokuthi nokufa yokuntuleka kwamanzi, njengoba uzobe ingcoliswe inhlabathi enobuthi. Ngemva kokuphela ebusika, abasindile bazokwethulelwa an amazing Amagesi Abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini.

Uhlaka isikhathi zale nhlekelele akuyona ncamashi echaziwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ososayensi abakwazi bavumelane imigomo lapho lokhu kwenzeka, ukushaya ngezikhawu kusukela 10 kuya 75 iminyaka (iphoyinti - okwamanje), bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoba nokuqhuma enamandla. It uhlala umbuzo oyinhloko: lapho ncamashi ...