Propensity Asemphethweni ukudla bese ugcine. Propensity eziseceleni uqede - ifomula

Nokwanda nengeniso yimuphi umuntu uqala ukuchitha okwengeziwe okuthile. Kunengqondo ukuthi umkhuba, konke ulula - ngaphezulu imali, kusho, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Eqinisweni, emnothweni enezinto eziningi imiqondo, imibono, amafomula ezahlukene kanye nobudlelwano ezichazwa, ukubala nokuchaza lokhu mkhuba. Lezi zihlanganisa propensity ukudla (abekelwe emaceleni, isilinganiso), ukulondoloza, umthetho Keynesian eliyisisekelo ezingokwengqondo, nokunye. D. Ulwazi nokuqonda imigomo kwezomnotho kanye nomthetho kwenza kube nokwenzeka ehlukile ukuhlola imihlola evamile, kanye nezimbangela zabo nemithetho, ukuze okuyinto bemqhuba.

umsunguli

Umqondo "propensity eziseceleni uqede bese ugcine Ngokuphikelela," savela eminyakeni 20-30. ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe kwezomnotho yethulwa kuleli eyiNgisi Dzhon Meynard Keyns. Ngaphansi ukusetshenziswa Kuhilela ukusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izimpahla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ngokwenyama, ngokomoya noma ngabanye umuntu oyedwa noma iqembu labantu. Savings njengoba Keynes umise isabelo imali ukuthi awuzange esichithwa ukusetshenziswa, futhi iye igcinwe ukuze isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo ukuze usizakale kangcono. Economist lembula umthetho ngokwengqondo ayisisekelo, owawuthi ngekukhula imali kanye ukusetshenziswa ngempela kwandisa usayizi (ububanzi enwetshiwe kwezimpahla, izimpahla ezishibhile esikhundleni ezibizayo, nokunye. D.), Kodwa hhayi ngokushesha (hhayi ezilinganiselwe). Ngamanye amazwi, kulapho umuntu uthola iqembu labantu, kulapho bachitha, kodwa futhi mkhulu lemali bashiyé ukulondoloza. Kususelwa bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, Keynes athuthukile imiqondo ezifana propensity isilinganiso kanye eziseceleni uqede (ifomula ukubala ke, futhi, likhishwa), kanye propensity isilinganiso kanye nakulowo onganakiwe ukulondoloza indlela yokubala yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Economist ovelele likhombe futhi basungula ubudlelwano phakathi imiqondo le.

ekubalweni ukusetshenziswa

propensity Asemphethweni ukudla uyalingana ratio izinguquko ukusetshenziswa yezinguquko engenayo. Kuyinto encane kakhulu izinguquko batsengi per unit imali, okwaholela kubo. Bheka lo mqondo ngokuvamile zesi-Latin MPC - isifinyezo propensity eziseceleni kudle. Ifomula libukeka kanje:

MPC = Izinguquko e izinguquko ukusetshenziswa / imali.

Ukubala imali

Njengoba nje ukuthambekela kudle propensity abekelwe emaceleni ukuze ulondoloze izinguquko isilinganiso ibalwa ukuba ukonga izinguquko engenayo. Siveza inani izinguquko isitokwe, olungena on ngamunye iyunithi malini imali eyengeziwe. Esikhathini izincwadi, lo mqondo amelela MPS - isifinyezo propensity eziseceleni kokulondoloza. Ifomula Kulokhu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

MPS = Izinguquko ukonga / engenayo izinguquko.

Ngokwesibonelo

Izibalo izinkomba ezifana propensity eziseceleni uqede noma iyiphi imali, walokhu ulula.

Ingemuva: ukusetshenziswa umndeni Ivanov ngo-Okthoba 2016 kwaba 30 000, futhi ngo-November - ruble 35 000. Income wathola ngo-Okthoba 2016, unyaka elilingana ama-ruble ayizigidi 40, futhi ngo-November - ruble 60 000.

Savings 1 = 40 000 - ruble 30 000 = 10 000.

Savings 2 = 60 000 - ruble 35 000 = 25 000.

MPC = 35 000 -30 000/60 000 - 40 000 = 0.25.

MPS = 25 000 - 10 000/60 000 - 40 000 = 0.75.

Ngakho, ukuze umndeni Ivanov:

Reserve propensity ukudla elilingana 0.25.

Reserve propensity ukulondoloza elilingana 0.75.

Ubudlelwano kanye nemizana

Reserve propensity ukudla nokulonda per unit yemali usebenzisa idatha efanayo kokuqala kumele azihlangani indlela eya ebunyeni. Lokho kusho ukuthi akukho neyodwa kulezi zinkolo amagugu ngenxa ukubala hhayi kungaba kukhulu kune 1. Uma kungenjalo, kudingeka afune amaphutha noma ukungalungi e idatha yoqobo.

Ngaphezu imali lezi izinkomba, nezinye izinto kungathinta:

• Umcebo zanqwabelana yimikhaya (izibambiso, ingcebo). Lapho ubheka ubungako bawo, ephansi ezingeni imali kanye ayanda ukusetshenziswa. Sibangelwa futhi izindleko nokugcinwa impahla, futhi silondoloze indinganiso ezithile eziphilayo, futhi ukungabi khona isidingo ahlekise hoarding.
• Kukhula ezihlukahlukene izintela nezimali, futhi kungaba kakhulu inciphise ukonga kanye nenani imali.
• Ukwanda supply emakethe kunomthelela ekwandeni ukusetshenziswa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukunciphisa izinga wayenemfuyo. Okubuhlungu nakakhulu kubangelwa ukuvela umkhiqizo noma isevisi entsha (ngenxa yentuthuko kwezesayensi lobuchwepheshe), ngoba kukhona isidingo omusha zazingekho ngaphambili.
• okulindele Economic babekwazi kubangele ukukhula njengenye inkomba, futhi okwesibili. Ngokwesibonelo, ithemba ukwanda intengo yimuphi umkhiqizo kungabangela ukusetshenziswa okweqile imikhiqizo yayo (amalunga lekusasa), okuyinto kunomthelela omubi amasheya.
• Okungalindelekile Ukwenyuka okukhulu amanani ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kuthinte ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa amaqembu ehlukene emphakathini.

ukuhlaziywa Izici

Zikhona amaphuzu eziningana okufanele kucatshangelwe ekucubunguleni izinkomba ezifana propensity ukudla ngumkhawulo, kanye ukulondoloza. Ziyini lezi amaphuzu? Okokuqala, uma propensity eziseceleni kudle cishe oyedwa, khona-ke kukhona ukuntuleka imali noma ezingeni eliphansi ukukhula uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhula kwe-izidingo ezingokwenyama nezingokomoya. Ngokuvamile, lesi sithombe emaveni lasatfutfuka kanye neminotho zintekenteke, noma ngezikhathi zezinhlekelele ezezimali nezomnotho.

Okwesibili, ukubala we izinkomba abantu noma imikhaya ukuze umnotho noma umkhakha ukwaziswa okuncane, ngakho-ke Ibhekwa ezithile ukusetshenziswa nokonga (imindeni, amaqembu omphakathi, nokunye. D.). Ngesikhathi esifanayo ujabulele eziningi zoMthetho wokuPhathwa theory Keynesian. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa umsebenzi imali zalutho.

izinkomba Okwesithathu, Assay ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa akuzona nezikhathi ezimbili (njengoba kukhonjisiwe isibonelo ukulinganisa), kanye namanani phezu kwesikhathi eside. Khona-ke imidwebo ebonisa Imiphumela, ukunika amandla ngaphezulu zibukeke ukuhlola futhi sihlaziye Dynamics. imisebenzi charting abizwa ngokuthi Keynesian futhi njalo uvele ukuhlaziywa imihlola ehlukahlukene kwezomnotho.